{"title":"John Anthony ‘Tony’ Allan 29 January 1937–15 April 2021","authors":"Salem el-Maiar","doi":"10.1017/lis.2021.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2021.17","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"7 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45036211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract There were two excavation missions at the site of Koustilya, in 2017 and in 2018, to investigate the remains of a late rural church. The excavations identified the monument as a building for Christian worship. The architecture of this monument (three aisles and an apse and associated rooms) suggests a Christian church. This church enriches the list of rural Christian churches in Tunisia and additionally has some special features: among the architectural components discovered in this church are two fixed ambons built into the masonry. These give this church a particular importance, somewhat unique when compared to other Christian churches in the ancient Maghreb.
{"title":"Aménagement d'ambons dans une église rurale récemment découverte à Koustilya (Sud-ouest de la Tunisie)","authors":"Mourad Chetoui","doi":"10.1017/lis.2021.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2021.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There were two excavation missions at the site of Koustilya, in 2017 and in 2018, to investigate the remains of a late rural church. The excavations identified the monument as a building for Christian worship. The architecture of this monument (three aisles and an apse and associated rooms) suggests a Christian church. This church enriches the list of rural Christian churches in Tunisia and additionally has some special features: among the architectural components discovered in this church are two fixed ambons built into the masonry. These give this church a particular importance, somewhat unique when compared to other Christian churches in the ancient Maghreb.","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"173 - 176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41967814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract A new votive inscription to Saturn cryptensis using vulgar and poor Latin, but with a very original content, enriches the corpus of Saturnian names with a new topical epithet and sheds light on a mystical aspect of the cult of the most revered god in Africa.
{"title":"Saturnus Cryptensis sur une nouvelle inscription des environs de Maxula (Tunisie)","authors":"H. Ben Romdhane, Samir Aounallah","doi":"10.1017/lis.2021.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2021.8","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A new votive inscription to Saturn cryptensis using vulgar and poor Latin, but with a very original content, enriches the corpus of Saturnian names with a new topical epithet and sheds light on a mystical aspect of the cult of the most revered god in Africa.","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"67 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43546606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract An underwater survey off the southwest coast of the island of Gozo revealed a well-preserved shipwreck 110 m below the surface. The site belonged to a previously unknown wreck with a cargo of volcanic millstones and ceramic amphorae dating to the 7th century BC. This article presents the first results of thin-section analysis taken from the pottery objects, and concludes that the ship was carrying a heterogeneous cargo of amphora-borne goods from the Maltese islands, North Tunisia, and possibly Sicily, making it the earliest, known shipwreck in the central Mediterranean; and provides the earliest evidence for Maltese external trade in the central Mediterranean.
{"title":"The Xlendi Bay shipwreck (Gozo, Malta): a petrographic and typological study of an archaic ceramic cargo","authors":"M. Anastasi, C. Capelli, T. Gambin, J. Sourisseau","doi":"10.1017/lis.2021.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2021.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract An underwater survey off the southwest coast of the island of Gozo revealed a well-preserved shipwreck 110 m below the surface. The site belonged to a previously unknown wreck with a cargo of volcanic millstones and ceramic amphorae dating to the 7th century BC. This article presents the first results of thin-section analysis taken from the pottery objects, and concludes that the ship was carrying a heterogeneous cargo of amphora-borne goods from the Maltese islands, North Tunisia, and possibly Sicily, making it the earliest, known shipwreck in the central Mediterranean; and provides the earliest evidence for Maltese external trade in the central Mediterranean.","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"166 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47480072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Quodvultdeus : A Bishop Forming Christians in Vandal Africa. A Contextual Analysis of the Pre-Baptismal Sermons Attributed to Quodvultdeus of Carthage By David Vopřada. Brill, Leiden and Boston, 2019. ISBN 978-90-04-41237-8, pp. 367. Price : €127.00 and $153.00 (hardback)","authors":"Mohamed-Arbi Nsiri","doi":"10.1017/lis.2021.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2021.4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"190 - 191"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43689175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Barton, L. Belhouchet, S. Collcutt, N. Aouadi, P. Albert, K. Douka, N. Drake, L. Linderholm, R. Macphail, D. McLean, H. Mekki, D. Peat, J. Schwenninger, V. Smith
Abstract This article reports on a new project to investigate the activities of early Homo sapiens in the area of the Chotts ‘megalake’ in southern Tunisia. Excavations in 2015 and 2019 at Oued el Akarit revealed one of a number of Middle Stone Age (MSA) horizons near the top of a long sequence of Upper Pleistocene deposits. The site identified as Oued el Akarit (Sondage 8) consists of lithic artefacts, bone fragments of large ungulates and pieces of ostrich eggshell. Many of the objects are burnt. Excavation of about nine square metres revealed that these were associated with a lightly trampled and combusted occupation surface. Amongst the identified artefacts were Levallois flakes some of which could be refitted, thereby indicating the generally undisturbed nature of the occupation. The lithic finds also included side scrapers and other tools diagnostic of the MSA but significantly no bifacial or tanged tools. OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence) dating of the sediments and AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) radiocarbon dating of ostrich eggshell have produced uncalibrated age determinations in the range 37,000–40,000 years ago, one of the youngest ages for MSA sites in the region. This is the first example of a securely dated later MSA occupation in a riparian environment in south-eastern Tunisia.
摘要:本文报道了在突尼斯南部Chotts ' meggalake '地区调查早期智人活动的新项目。2015年和2019年在Oued el Akarit进行的挖掘显示，在一长串上更新世沉积物的顶部附近，有许多中石器时代(MSA)的地层之一。该遗址被确定为Oued el Akarit (Sondage 8)，由石器制品、大型有蹄类动物的骨头碎片和鸵鸟蛋壳碎片组成。许多物品都被烧毁了。大约9平方米的挖掘显示，这些与轻微践踏和燃烧的占领面有关。在已确认的文物中，有勒瓦卢瓦薄片，其中一些可以改装，从而表明该职业总体上未受干扰的性质。岩屑发现还包括侧面刮刀和其他诊断MSA的工具，但明显没有双面或切边工具。沉积物的OSL(光激发发光)测年和鸵鸟蛋壳的AMS(加速器质谱)放射性碳测年产生了未经校准的年龄测定，范围在37,000-40,000年前，这是该地区MSA遗址最年轻的年龄之一。这是突尼斯东南部河岸环境中MSA占领的第一个可靠日期的例子。
{"title":"New insights into the late Middle Stone Age occupation of Oued el Akarit, southern Tunisia","authors":"R. Barton, L. Belhouchet, S. Collcutt, N. Aouadi, P. Albert, K. Douka, N. Drake, L. Linderholm, R. Macphail, D. McLean, H. Mekki, D. Peat, J. Schwenninger, V. Smith","doi":"10.1017/lis.2021.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2021.9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article reports on a new project to investigate the activities of early Homo sapiens in the area of the Chotts ‘megalake’ in southern Tunisia. Excavations in 2015 and 2019 at Oued el Akarit revealed one of a number of Middle Stone Age (MSA) horizons near the top of a long sequence of Upper Pleistocene deposits. The site identified as Oued el Akarit (Sondage 8) consists of lithic artefacts, bone fragments of large ungulates and pieces of ostrich eggshell. Many of the objects are burnt. Excavation of about nine square metres revealed that these were associated with a lightly trampled and combusted occupation surface. Amongst the identified artefacts were Levallois flakes some of which could be refitted, thereby indicating the generally undisturbed nature of the occupation. The lithic finds also included side scrapers and other tools diagnostic of the MSA but significantly no bifacial or tanged tools. OSL (Optically Stimulated Luminescence) dating of the sediments and AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) radiocarbon dating of ostrich eggshell have produced uncalibrated age determinations in the range 37,000–40,000 years ago, one of the youngest ages for MSA sites in the region. This is the first example of a securely dated later MSA occupation in a riparian environment in south-eastern Tunisia.","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"12 - 35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43477396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article investigates the visibility of public edifices at Lepcis Magna (Lebdah, Libya) and how people in antiquity approached, lived, and experienced them. It engages with the buildings’ layout, architectural and sculptural ornamentation, and epigraphic apparatuses, looking at the transformations of the cityscape from Augustus to the Antonine era. The analysis highlights the importance of private and public patronage and how social status was showcased through the monumentality and visibility of new constructions in an evolving urban environment. Buildings and their ornament drew upon a range of architectural and decorative models: influences from the centre of Empire and the Mediterranean world, long-lasting Hellenistic traditions, as well as North African and locally created, or reinterpreted, motifs that contributed to shaping the Lepcitanian architectural taste.
{"title":"A promenade at Lepcis Magna: Experiencing buildings from the Augustan to the Antonine era","authors":"Niccolò Mugnai","doi":"10.1017/lis.2021.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2021.14","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article investigates the visibility of public edifices at Lepcis Magna (Lebdah, Libya) and how people in antiquity approached, lived, and experienced them. It engages with the buildings’ layout, architectural and sculptural ornamentation, and epigraphic apparatuses, looking at the transformations of the cityscape from Augustus to the Antonine era. The analysis highlights the importance of private and public patronage and how social status was showcased through the monumentality and visibility of new constructions in an evolving urban environment. Buildings and their ornament drew upon a range of architectural and decorative models: influences from the centre of Empire and the Mediterranean world, long-lasting Hellenistic traditions, as well as North African and locally created, or reinterpreted, motifs that contributed to shaping the Lepcitanian architectural taste.","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"87 - 118"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43048340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
forms of colonial landscape created by the Mediterranean powers. The second section is concerned with ‘The Transformation of Peripheral Societies and Landscapes’. In the first article Lauren Ristvet provides a thoughtful interpretation of the violent landscape of the southern Caucasus in the iron age, framed in terms of almost fractal relationships with the military fringes of wider empires – principally Urartu and of Assyria. Anna Boozer (on Dakhla/Kharga and Lower Nubia) and Lidewijde de Jong and Rocco Palermo (on the north Mesopotamian steppe) examine the Roman imperial impact on some relatively neglected regions, and offer helpful overviews to the archaeology of each. The strongest article in this section is perhaps Joanita Vroom’s discussion of Butrint in the middle Byzantine period. This is an exemplary use of a relatively small site to examine the wider processes of imperialism – in this case the fluctuating Balkan frontier of the Byzantine empire from the ninth century. The final section contains just two articles: J. Daniel Rogers’s discussion of ‘repertoires of empire’, which takes as its starting point discussion of the steppe empires of Inner Asian pastoral groups – a helpful reminder that not all empires were founded by settled societies, or revolved around focal capitals. Finally Bradley J. Parker adopts a consciously comparative and broad-brush approach, using material from Incan imperialism in the Andes to illuminate his understanding of his own principal area of study in the Neo-Assyrian empire. The editors are to be commended for gathering together such a wide-ranging volume, and particularly for their introduction. This sets out the scope of this shared enquiry very well, and places all the contributions within a developing scholarly field. As a clear introduction to the changing archaeology of empire (and where the field might go from here), this is a welcome book indeed.
地中海列强创造的殖民景观第二部分是关于“周边社会和景观的转变”。在第一篇文章中，Lauren Ristvet对铁器时代南高加索地区的暴力景观进行了深思熟虑的解释，并将其与更大帝国(主要是乌拉尔图和亚述)的军事边缘几乎分形的关系框架起来。Anna Boozer(研究Dakhla/Kharga和下努比亚)和Lidewijde de Jong和Rocco Palermo(研究北美索不达米亚草原)研究了罗马帝国对一些相对被忽视的地区的影响，并对每个地区的考古学提供了有益的概述。本节中最有力的文章可能是Joanita Vroom关于拜占庭中期Butrint的讨论。这是一个典型的使用相对较小的地点来检查帝国主义更广泛的过程-在这种情况下，拜占庭帝国从9世纪开始波动的巴尔干边界。最后一部分只包含两篇文章:j·丹尼尔·罗杰斯(J. Daniel Rogers)关于“帝国的风格”的讨论，以讨论中亚牧区的草原帝国为起点——这有助于提醒我们，并非所有帝国都是由定居社会建立的，或者围绕着中心首都。最后，Bradley J. Parker采用了一种有意识的比较和广泛的方法，使用安第斯山脉印加帝国主义的材料来阐明他对新亚述帝国的主要研究领域的理解。编辑们汇集了如此广泛的卷，特别是他们的介绍，是值得赞扬的。这很好地阐述了这种共同探究的范围，并将所有的贡献放在一个发展中的学术领域内。作为对不断变化的帝国考古学(以及该领域可能走向何方)的清晰介绍，这确实是一本受欢迎的书。
{"title":"Archaeological Mission of Chieti University in Libya: Reports 2006–2008. Res I (Reports, Excavations and Studies of the Archaeological Unit of the University G. D'Annunzio of Chieti – Pescara) By Oliva Menozzi. Archaeopress, Oxford, n.d. ISBN 978-1-78969-446-8 and ISBN 978-1-78969-447-5 (ePdf).","authors":"A. Leone","doi":"10.1017/lis.2021.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2021.15","url":null,"abstract":"forms of colonial landscape created by the Mediterranean powers. The second section is concerned with ‘The Transformation of Peripheral Societies and Landscapes’. In the first article Lauren Ristvet provides a thoughtful interpretation of the violent landscape of the southern Caucasus in the iron age, framed in terms of almost fractal relationships with the military fringes of wider empires – principally Urartu and of Assyria. Anna Boozer (on Dakhla/Kharga and Lower Nubia) and Lidewijde de Jong and Rocco Palermo (on the north Mesopotamian steppe) examine the Roman imperial impact on some relatively neglected regions, and offer helpful overviews to the archaeology of each. The strongest article in this section is perhaps Joanita Vroom’s discussion of Butrint in the middle Byzantine period. This is an exemplary use of a relatively small site to examine the wider processes of imperialism – in this case the fluctuating Balkan frontier of the Byzantine empire from the ninth century. The final section contains just two articles: J. Daniel Rogers’s discussion of ‘repertoires of empire’, which takes as its starting point discussion of the steppe empires of Inner Asian pastoral groups – a helpful reminder that not all empires were founded by settled societies, or revolved around focal capitals. Finally Bradley J. Parker adopts a consciously comparative and broad-brush approach, using material from Incan imperialism in the Andes to illuminate his understanding of his own principal area of study in the Neo-Assyrian empire. The editors are to be commended for gathering together such a wide-ranging volume, and particularly for their introduction. This sets out the scope of this shared enquiry very well, and places all the contributions within a developing scholarly field. As a clear introduction to the changing archaeology of empire (and where the field might go from here), this is a welcome book indeed.","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"192 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43672927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article presents a preliminary report on a rescue excavation conducted during the building of a new mosque close to the campus of Omar al-Mokhtar University at Balagrae (al-Beida) in 2017. The excavation, undertaken by the Department of Archaeology at the university, revealed the remains of part of a building with a mosaic floor built in the late second or early third century AD, and perhaps destroyed by an earthquake in AD 365. The discovery created considerable local interest and resulted in the developers relocating south the new mosque to prevent further disturbance to the archaeological remains. The building was carefully backfilled for long-term protection.
{"title":"Preliminary report on salvage excavation at the southern limit of ancient Balagrae (modern al-Beida)","authors":"Mohammed al-Twati Boshah","doi":"10.1017/lis.2021.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2021.13","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article presents a preliminary report on a rescue excavation conducted during the building of a new mosque close to the campus of Omar al-Mokhtar University at Balagrae (al-Beida) in 2017. The excavation, undertaken by the Department of Archaeology at the university, revealed the remains of part of a building with a mosaic floor built in the late second or early third century AD, and perhaps destroyed by an earthquake in AD 365. The discovery created considerable local interest and resulted in the developers relocating south the new mosque to prevent further disturbance to the archaeological remains. The building was carefully backfilled for long-term protection.","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"177 - 181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44029406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Given the lack of local sources, the history of Tripoli as a global Mediterranean city remains unclear until the Ottoman conquest of the 16th century. Given that documentary record, the exploration of the rich Arabic tradition written in al-Andalus provides a fresh insight into how Tripoli constructed its Mediterranean stature prior to the 11th century. First, the systematic analysis of Islamic biographical literature (ṭabaqāt) shows Tripoli was one of the most visited cities by the Andalusian scholars across the Islamic world. It also reveals they were in close contact with the Tripolitanian Mālikī networks. Eventually, The Tripolitanian elites took advantage, of that specific Andalusian connection, and using the rivalry between the caliphal powers at the dawn of the 11th century they assured the independence of the city for the first time while rejecting the Fatimid-Zirid power and recognizing the sovereignty of the Spanish Umayyads.
{"title":"Scholarship, trade and politics: Andalusian contribution to the Mediterranean standing of Tripoli (3rd/9th–5th/11th centuries)","authors":"A. Montel","doi":"10.1017/lis.2021.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/lis.2021.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Given the lack of local sources, the history of Tripoli as a global Mediterranean city remains unclear until the Ottoman conquest of the 16th century. Given that documentary record, the exploration of the rich Arabic tradition written in al-Andalus provides a fresh insight into how Tripoli constructed its Mediterranean stature prior to the 11th century. First, the systematic analysis of Islamic biographical literature (ṭabaqāt) shows Tripoli was one of the most visited cities by the Andalusian scholars across the Islamic world. It also reveals they were in close contact with the Tripolitanian Mālikī networks. Eventually, The Tripolitanian elites took advantage, of that specific Andalusian connection, and using the rivalry between the caliphal powers at the dawn of the 11th century they assured the independence of the city for the first time while rejecting the Fatimid-Zirid power and recognizing the sovereignty of the Spanish Umayyads.","PeriodicalId":40059,"journal":{"name":"Libyan Studies","volume":"52 1","pages":"144 - 153"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44460723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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