Pub Date : 2023-03-12DOI: 10.1177/07340168231161091
Kevin F. Steinmetz, Brian P. Schaefer, C. G. Brewer, Don L. Kurtz
In recent decades, law enforcement agencies have increasingly prioritized cybercrime investigations, as evinced by the growing adoption of specialized cybercrime units and personnel. A burgeoning literature has emerged which examines cybercrime units and investigators. Yet, little attention has been given to the role of computers in shaping these investigations. This study addresses this gap through an analysis of qualitative interviews with 47 cybercrime investigative personnel including sworn detectives, civilian analysts, and unit administrators. This analysis confirms and extends prior research by exploring challenges presented by computers to cybercrime investigations including issues surrounding anonymization, encryption, jurisdiction, caseloads, backlogs, data volume, eliciting data from electronic service providers, and the ever-changing technological landscape. Also considered are the advantages offered by such technologies for cybercrime investigations. Computer and network technologies facilitate undercover investigations, provide easy access to global networks and databases, and supply large quantities of evidence to help secure convictions. Finally, this study considers elements of cybercrime investigations not supplanted by computer databases, automation, or network systems. Directions for future research and policy implications are considered.
{"title":"The Role of Computer Technologies in Structuring Evidence Gathering in Cybercrime Investigations: A Qualitative Analysis","authors":"Kevin F. Steinmetz, Brian P. Schaefer, C. G. Brewer, Don L. Kurtz","doi":"10.1177/07340168231161091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07340168231161091","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, law enforcement agencies have increasingly prioritized cybercrime investigations, as evinced by the growing adoption of specialized cybercrime units and personnel. A burgeoning literature has emerged which examines cybercrime units and investigators. Yet, little attention has been given to the role of computers in shaping these investigations. This study addresses this gap through an analysis of qualitative interviews with 47 cybercrime investigative personnel including sworn detectives, civilian analysts, and unit administrators. This analysis confirms and extends prior research by exploring challenges presented by computers to cybercrime investigations including issues surrounding anonymization, encryption, jurisdiction, caseloads, backlogs, data volume, eliciting data from electronic service providers, and the ever-changing technological landscape. Also considered are the advantages offered by such technologies for cybercrime investigations. Computer and network technologies facilitate undercover investigations, provide easy access to global networks and databases, and supply large quantities of evidence to help secure convictions. Finally, this study considers elements of cybercrime investigations not supplanted by computer databases, automation, or network systems. Directions for future research and policy implications are considered.","PeriodicalId":40065,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41356166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-07DOI: 10.1177/07340168231162374
Daniel Reinhard, M. McDowell
Limited research exists on catalytic converter theft despite it being a persistent issue for years. This study relies on police data for catalytic converter thefts ( n = 414) in a medium-sized city for 18 months in 2021–2022. The study also uses vehicle registrations in the county, and Census data. Negative binomial regression models use Census Block Groups ( n = 92) and consider neighborhood and environmental characteristics. The most likely vehicles to have catalytic converters stolen are the Honda Element, Toyota Prius, and Ford E-Series van. More than half of thefts occurred in parking garages and parking lots. Regression models find that the most consistent predictor of catalytic converter theft is adjacency to arterial roadways. Results suggest police departments should target efforts at parking garages and lots near highways, close to downtown, in areas that experience other kinds of crime. The situation changes when considering additional neighborhood characteristics, though highways are still a significant predictor.
{"title":"Highway to the Danger Zone: Spatial Considerations of Catalytic Converter Theft","authors":"Daniel Reinhard, M. McDowell","doi":"10.1177/07340168231162374","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07340168231162374","url":null,"abstract":"Limited research exists on catalytic converter theft despite it being a persistent issue for years. This study relies on police data for catalytic converter thefts ( n = 414) in a medium-sized city for 18 months in 2021–2022. The study also uses vehicle registrations in the county, and Census data. Negative binomial regression models use Census Block Groups ( n = 92) and consider neighborhood and environmental characteristics. The most likely vehicles to have catalytic converters stolen are the Honda Element, Toyota Prius, and Ford E-Series van. More than half of thefts occurred in parking garages and parking lots. Regression models find that the most consistent predictor of catalytic converter theft is adjacency to arterial roadways. Results suggest police departments should target efforts at parking garages and lots near highways, close to downtown, in areas that experience other kinds of crime. The situation changes when considering additional neighborhood characteristics, though highways are still a significant predictor.","PeriodicalId":40065,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41441492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.1177/07340168231161757
M. Beeble
{"title":"Book Review: Gender and domestic violence: Contemporary legal practice and intervention reforms by Russell, B. & Hamel, J.","authors":"M. Beeble","doi":"10.1177/07340168231161757","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07340168231161757","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40065,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41483359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-06DOI: 10.1177/07340168231161760
Raven B. Muñoz
{"title":"Book Review: The Grip of Sexual Violence in Conflict: Feminist Interventions in International Law by K. Engle","authors":"Raven B. Muñoz","doi":"10.1177/07340168231161760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07340168231161760","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40065,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49660512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-05DOI: 10.1177/07340168231161763
A. Abella
{"title":"Book Review: Cooper review of police response to mental health calls for service by Kayla G. Jachimowski & Jonathon A. Cooper","authors":"A. Abella","doi":"10.1177/07340168231161763","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07340168231161763","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40065,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45203923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-05DOI: 10.1177/07340168231160862
Emily R. Edwards, Gabriella Epshteyn, Brigid Connelly, Clare Redden, Christelle El Hage Moussa, D. Blonigen, M. Stimmel, R. Holliday, Terra Osterberg
Justice-involved veterans (JIVs) are a high-priority subgroup within the U.S. judicial system. In recent years, empirical research into the characteristics, needs, and outcomes of this veteran subgroup has developed rapidly. To allow research to better inform efforts to support JIVs, a systematic review was completed to organize existing literature on criminogenic risk within this population through the lens of the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model. Of the eight risk factors theorized by the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model, history of antisocial behavior and substance use had the most robust evidence as criminogenic risk factors for veteran justice involvement. Modest evidence was identified for antisocial personality, educational and occupational difficulties, and disruptions to family and marital relationships as risk factors. However, only limited evidence was identified for antisocial thinking, affiliation with antisocial peers, and lack of prosocial activities as risk factors due to these factors being relatively underassessed in research. Such patterns provide insight into potential interventions and supports for JIVs while also highlighting areas for continued research.
{"title":"Understanding Criminogenic Risk Factors Among United States Military Veterans: An Updated Literature Review","authors":"Emily R. Edwards, Gabriella Epshteyn, Brigid Connelly, Clare Redden, Christelle El Hage Moussa, D. Blonigen, M. Stimmel, R. Holliday, Terra Osterberg","doi":"10.1177/07340168231160862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07340168231160862","url":null,"abstract":"Justice-involved veterans (JIVs) are a high-priority subgroup within the U.S. judicial system. In recent years, empirical research into the characteristics, needs, and outcomes of this veteran subgroup has developed rapidly. To allow research to better inform efforts to support JIVs, a systematic review was completed to organize existing literature on criminogenic risk within this population through the lens of the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model. Of the eight risk factors theorized by the Risk-Need-Responsivity Model, history of antisocial behavior and substance use had the most robust evidence as criminogenic risk factors for veteran justice involvement. Modest evidence was identified for antisocial personality, educational and occupational difficulties, and disruptions to family and marital relationships as risk factors. However, only limited evidence was identified for antisocial thinking, affiliation with antisocial peers, and lack of prosocial activities as risk factors due to these factors being relatively underassessed in research. Such patterns provide insight into potential interventions and supports for JIVs while also highlighting areas for continued research.","PeriodicalId":40065,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Review","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41333596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.1177/07340168231159368
W. Morrow, S. Vickovic
Since its inception in 1990, Tyler's process-based model of regulation has provided a fundamental framework for understanding why people obey the law. Numerous studies have found support for Tyler's process-based model of regulation, with the majority of research reporting an association between procedural justice and legitimacy. The research is limited, however, in its ability to explain the correlates of legitimacy outside of procedural justice, which is surprising considering research indicates that the development of behaviors and attitudes toward legal institutions and actors is complex. Based on the legal socialization literature, the current study explores how perceptions of police legitimacy may be impacted by family and/or peer views of the police. In order to investigate this relationship, the current exploratory study relies on data from students located at two universities in the United States. The results suggest that family views, peer views, and procedural justice are all significantly related to perceived police legitimacy. These findings are explored and contextualized in the broader literature on police legitimacy.
{"title":"Exploring Perceptions of Police Legitimacy: The Role of Family, Friends, and Procedural Justice","authors":"W. Morrow, S. Vickovic","doi":"10.1177/07340168231159368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07340168231159368","url":null,"abstract":"Since its inception in 1990, Tyler's process-based model of regulation has provided a fundamental framework for understanding why people obey the law. Numerous studies have found support for Tyler's process-based model of regulation, with the majority of research reporting an association between procedural justice and legitimacy. The research is limited, however, in its ability to explain the correlates of legitimacy outside of procedural justice, which is surprising considering research indicates that the development of behaviors and attitudes toward legal institutions and actors is complex. Based on the legal socialization literature, the current study explores how perceptions of police legitimacy may be impacted by family and/or peer views of the police. In order to investigate this relationship, the current exploratory study relies on data from students located at two universities in the United States. The results suggest that family views, peer views, and procedural justice are all significantly related to perceived police legitimacy. These findings are explored and contextualized in the broader literature on police legitimacy.","PeriodicalId":40065,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43465194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.1177/07340168231161796
Tara R. Abrahams
{"title":"Book Review: Before Crips: Fussin’, Cussin’, and Discussin’ among South Los Angeles Juvenile Gangs by Quicker, J. C., & Batani-Khalfani, A. S.","authors":"Tara R. Abrahams","doi":"10.1177/07340168231161796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07340168231161796","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40065,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43623318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-19DOI: 10.1177/07340168231157241
Jimin Pyo
Despite growing interest in public confidence in criminal justice, robust confidence measures have not yet been established. Two studies were conducted to develop multidimensional measures of public confidence in criminal justice. Study 1 involved two-phased construction of scales in which a preliminary inventory was generated and then finalized after psychometric evaluations. Six multidimensional scales (62 items) were constructed for measuring efficiency-, finality-, fairness-, lawfulness-, accuracy-, and transparency-oriented confidence. Study 2 tested the predictive ability of the scale scores for cooperation with criminal justice institutions. Results highlight that higher confidence in authorities’ accurate fact-finding and fair treatment predicted greater willingness to assist institutions. Higher confidence in authorities’ lawfulness predicted greater compliance with the law. The six scales developed are a reliable and valid tool for measuring confidence in criminal justice and predicting cooperation with criminal institutions.
{"title":"Development and Validation of Multidimensional Scales of Public Confidence in Criminal Justice","authors":"Jimin Pyo","doi":"10.1177/07340168231157241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/07340168231157241","url":null,"abstract":"Despite growing interest in public confidence in criminal justice, robust confidence measures have not yet been established. Two studies were conducted to develop multidimensional measures of public confidence in criminal justice. Study 1 involved two-phased construction of scales in which a preliminary inventory was generated and then finalized after psychometric evaluations. Six multidimensional scales (62 items) were constructed for measuring efficiency-, finality-, fairness-, lawfulness-, accuracy-, and transparency-oriented confidence. Study 2 tested the predictive ability of the scale scores for cooperation with criminal justice institutions. Results highlight that higher confidence in authorities’ accurate fact-finding and fair treatment predicted greater willingness to assist institutions. Higher confidence in authorities’ lawfulness predicted greater compliance with the law. The six scales developed are a reliable and valid tool for measuring confidence in criminal justice and predicting cooperation with criminal institutions.","PeriodicalId":40065,"journal":{"name":"Criminal Justice Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45245758","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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