Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344265
R. Brocke, O. Beierl
In early 2010 IEC TC81 decided to set up PWI 62561-8 in order to extend the IEC 62561 family by a new part 8 ("Requirements for components for isolated LPS"). Currently two main insulation technologies are discussed in the standardization process. The first technology uses "Insulating stand-offs" and conventional down conductors, the second one uses "Insulating down conductors". One of the main test procedures that have to be defined in the new standard is the test of dielectric strength of the different technologies. Comprehensive laboratory tests show that the isolation capability in both technologies depends on the dielectric strength of the insulator material, on the surface discharge behaviour but also very much on the steepness and duration of impulse voltages [1]-[4]. The results show a very significant influence of the impulse duration which is in the relevant range for lightning strokes that depends strongly on the technology used. The calculation of separation distances for isolated LPS, being based only on one single pulse duration of 250 ns which is related to the negative subsequent strokes (NSS) according to the current IEC standard 151, is not sufficient. The negative first stroke (NFS) with a pulse duration of 1 μs has been included recently in the new IEC 62305 series 161. But this NFS has not been considered for the calculation of separation distances up to now and has got a significant impact on this calculation [1][7]. As a new approach the total probability of failure will be classified for typical insulation technologies by means of correlation of their v-t-curves. These curves describe the dielectric strength of the specific insulation technology used for LPS compared to the distributions in [6] covering the occurrence of real lightning. Finally a correction factor is introduced as a simplified attempt to classify isolated LPS in a way that they have the same efficiency compared to conventional LPS concerning their equivalent separation distance. This factor is to be discussed as a basis that enables scaling tests of the dielectric strength of components for insulated LPS with standard impulse voltages.
{"title":"Distribution of real lightning strokes and their influence on test procedures for isolated LPS","authors":"R. Brocke, O. Beierl","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344265","url":null,"abstract":"In early 2010 IEC TC81 decided to set up PWI 62561-8 in order to extend the IEC 62561 family by a new part 8 (\"Requirements for components for isolated LPS\"). Currently two main insulation technologies are discussed in the standardization process. The first technology uses \"Insulating stand-offs\" and conventional down conductors, the second one uses \"Insulating down conductors\". One of the main test procedures that have to be defined in the new standard is the test of dielectric strength of the different technologies. Comprehensive laboratory tests show that the isolation capability in both technologies depends on the dielectric strength of the insulator material, on the surface discharge behaviour but also very much on the steepness and duration of impulse voltages [1]-[4]. The results show a very significant influence of the impulse duration which is in the relevant range for lightning strokes that depends strongly on the technology used. The calculation of separation distances for isolated LPS, being based only on one single pulse duration of 250 ns which is related to the negative subsequent strokes (NSS) according to the current IEC standard 151, is not sufficient. The negative first stroke (NFS) with a pulse duration of 1 μs has been included recently in the new IEC 62305 series 161. But this NFS has not been considered for the calculation of separation distances up to now and has got a significant impact on this calculation [1][7]. As a new approach the total probability of failure will be classified for typical insulation technologies by means of correlation of their v-t-curves. These curves describe the dielectric strength of the specific insulation technology used for LPS compared to the distributions in [6] covering the occurrence of real lightning. Finally a correction factor is introduced as a simplified attempt to classify isolated LPS in a way that they have the same efficiency compared to conventional LPS concerning their equivalent separation distance. This factor is to be discussed as a basis that enables scaling tests of the dielectric strength of components for insulated LPS with standard impulse voltages.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117332009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344203
Geng Yinan, Zhuang Chijie
Shielding failure is one of key problems of UHV transmission lines. Considering the high operating voltage and high tower of UHV transmission lines, the inception criterion of upward leader is proposed in this paper. The process of shielding failure is simulated by the method based on leader progression model and shielding failure rate is calculated. This method is verified by comparing the calculation results with the operated data of UHV transmission lines in Japan. The shielding failure characteristics of UHVDC transmission lines in China under different terrain conditions are researched.
{"title":"Research on shielding failure of UHVDC based on leader progression model","authors":"Geng Yinan, Zhuang Chijie","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344203","url":null,"abstract":"Shielding failure is one of key problems of UHV transmission lines. Considering the high operating voltage and high tower of UHV transmission lines, the inception criterion of upward leader is proposed in this paper. The process of shielding failure is simulated by the method based on leader progression model and shielding failure rate is calculated. This method is verified by comparing the calculation results with the operated data of UHV transmission lines in Japan. The shielding failure characteristics of UHVDC transmission lines in China under different terrain conditions are researched.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132316156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344210
C. Tong, Yuan Gao, Minguang Tong, Junping Luo, Lingyu Zhang
Benefited from the interactivity and flexibility of Smart Grids, various dynamic lightning protection methods become available. A System-level lightning protection mode named Dynamic Lightning Protection is presented in the paper. Combined with real time lightning tracking and warning, a Dynamic Lightning Protection System carries out preventive protection actions during the lightning storms. It results in minimizing the impacts of lightning-caused disturbances, trips and interruptions, and improving the robustness of a Smart Grid transmission system.
{"title":"Dynamic lightning protection of Smart Grid transmission system","authors":"C. Tong, Yuan Gao, Minguang Tong, Junping Luo, Lingyu Zhang","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344210","url":null,"abstract":"Benefited from the interactivity and flexibility of Smart Grids, various dynamic lightning protection methods become available. A System-level lightning protection mode named Dynamic Lightning Protection is presented in the paper. Combined with real time lightning tracking and warning, a Dynamic Lightning Protection System carries out preventive protection actions during the lightning storms. It results in minimizing the impacts of lightning-caused disturbances, trips and interruptions, and improving the robustness of a Smart Grid transmission system.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127894619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344228
T. Horvath
Designing the lightning protection system could be simplified with classification the structure according to danger that determines the required degree of components of the LPS. This could be corrected on the base of result obtained by risk assessment in the case of important structures.
{"title":"Estimation of interception efficiency using the probability modulated attraction volume","authors":"T. Horvath","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344228","url":null,"abstract":"Designing the lightning protection system could be simplified with classification the structure according to danger that determines the required degree of components of the LPS. This could be corrected on the base of result obtained by risk assessment in the case of important structures.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127914273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344229
T. Horvath
Designing the lightning protection system could be simplified with classification the structure according to danger that determines the required degree of components of the LPS. This could be corrected on the base of result obtained by risk assessment in the case of important structures.
{"title":"Concept of standardizing the lightning protection of structures","authors":"T. Horvath","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344229","url":null,"abstract":"Designing the lightning protection system could be simplified with classification the structure according to danger that determines the required degree of components of the LPS. This could be corrected on the base of result obtained by risk assessment in the case of important structures.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125584161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344313
S. Yasui, M. Niwa, T. Okumura
In the modern information society, lightning surges represent a serious risk to home electronics and telecommunication equipment. In this study, the distribution properties of a lightning surge current from the earth through indoor wiring were investigated by using model circuits of common home electronics. The distribution properties of the surge current were significantly affected by the conditions of the grounding systems, protection devices, and the circuits of home electronics. To protect the electrical circuits from the lightning surge, it is necessary to adopt a common grounding system and to introduce appropriate protection devices.
{"title":"Distribution properties of lightning surge current induced from earth electrodes in household wiring","authors":"S. Yasui, M. Niwa, T. Okumura","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344313","url":null,"abstract":"In the modern information society, lightning surges represent a serious risk to home electronics and telecommunication equipment. In this study, the distribution properties of a lightning surge current from the earth through indoor wiring were investigated by using model circuits of common home electronics. The distribution properties of the surge current were significantly affected by the conditions of the grounding systems, protection devices, and the circuits of home electronics. To protect the electrical circuits from the lightning surge, it is necessary to adopt a common grounding system and to introduce appropriate protection devices.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126730782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344298
T. Miki, T. Shindo, A. Asakawa, H. Motoyama, Y. Suzuhigashi, M. Chihara
TOKYO SKYTREE® has recently been constructed in the eastern area of central Tokyo, located in the Kanto Plain, and is the tallest free-standing broadcasting tower in the world (634m). When a tall structure is located on a plain, it is expected that lightning will often strike the structure when thunderclouds approach. The authors plan to observe the currents of lightning striking TOKYO SKYTREE and have installed Rogowski coils on the tower at a height of 497m. CRIEPI have also started to observe the electromagnetic radiation generated by lightning strikes to TOKYO SKYTREE. Hemispherical antenna to detect electric fields and loop coils to detect magnetic fields are located at various sites in the Kanto Plain. In this paper, the authors report their plan to conduct measurements using these coils and the system used for electromagnetic observation.
TOKYO SKYTREE®最近在位于关东平原的东京中部东部地区建成，是世界上最高的独立式广播塔(634米)。当一个高大的建筑物位于平原上时，当雷云接近时，预计闪电经常会击中该建筑物。作者计划观察闪电击中东京天空树的电流，并在497米高的塔上安装了Rogowski线圈。天文台亦已开始观测雷击对东京天空树所产生的电磁辐射。用于探测电场的半球形天线和用于探测磁场的环形线圈分布在关东平原的各个地点。在本文中，作者报告了他们使用这些线圈和用于电磁观测的系统进行测量的计划。
{"title":"Measurement of lightning currents at TOKYO SKYTREE® and observation of electromagnetic radiation caused by strikes to the tower","authors":"T. Miki, T. Shindo, A. Asakawa, H. Motoyama, Y. Suzuhigashi, M. Chihara","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344298","url":null,"abstract":"TOKYO SKYTREE® has recently been constructed in the eastern area of central Tokyo, located in the Kanto Plain, and is the tallest free-standing broadcasting tower in the world (634m). When a tall structure is located on a plain, it is expected that lightning will often strike the structure when thunderclouds approach. The authors plan to observe the currents of lightning striking TOKYO SKYTREE and have installed Rogowski coils on the tower at a height of 497m. CRIEPI have also started to observe the electromagnetic radiation generated by lightning strikes to TOKYO SKYTREE. Hemispherical antenna to detect electric fields and loop coils to detect magnetic fields are located at various sites in the Kanto Plain. In this paper, the authors report their plan to conduct measurements using these coils and the system used for electromagnetic observation.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121606993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344240
V. Cooray, G. Cooray, T. Marshall, J. Dwyer, S. Arabshahi
In the present study, electromagnetic fields of accelerating charges were utilized to evaluate the electromagnetic fields generated by a relativistic electron avalanche. In the analysis it is assumed that all the electrons in the avalanche are moving with the same speed. In other words, the growth or the decay of the number of electrons takes place only at the head of the avalanche. It is shown that the radiation is emanating only from the head of the avalanche where electrons are being accelerated. It is also shown that an analytical expression for the radiation field of the avalanche at any distance can be written directly in terms of the e-folding length of the avalanche. This makes it possible to extract directly the spatial variation of the e-folding length of the avalanche from the measured radiation fields.
{"title":"Electric field of a relativistic electron avalanche","authors":"V. Cooray, G. Cooray, T. Marshall, J. Dwyer, S. Arabshahi","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344240","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, electromagnetic fields of accelerating charges were utilized to evaluate the electromagnetic fields generated by a relativistic electron avalanche. In the analysis it is assumed that all the electrons in the avalanche are moving with the same speed. In other words, the growth or the decay of the number of electrons takes place only at the head of the avalanche. It is shown that the radiation is emanating only from the head of the avalanche where electrons are being accelerated. It is also shown that an analytical expression for the radiation field of the avalanche at any distance can be written directly in terms of the e-folding length of the avalanche. This makes it possible to extract directly the spatial variation of the e-folding length of the avalanche from the measured radiation fields.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126585880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344217
L. Liangfu, Qin Binquan
This paper is prepared based on the monitoring data of the Meteorological Bureau of Hechuan District, Chongqing for the whole year by the automatic monitoring system on soil resistivity and soil water content of the observation site. The influence of soil water content on water resistivity is analyzed, the correlation between the soil resistivity on monthly, daily and hourly basis and the water content researched and the regression model established between water content on daily and hourly basis and the corresponding soil water content for soils at different depths, which provides a reliable mathematical calculation approach for the estimation of soil resistivity at different depths for lightning hazard risk evaluation and lightning proof engineering design and solves the problem of lacking historical observation data on soil resistivity in practical operations.
{"title":"Research on influence of soil water content on soil resistivity","authors":"L. Liangfu, Qin Binquan","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344217","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344217","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is prepared based on the monitoring data of the Meteorological Bureau of Hechuan District, Chongqing for the whole year by the automatic monitoring system on soil resistivity and soil water content of the observation site. The influence of soil water content on water resistivity is analyzed, the correlation between the soil resistivity on monthly, daily and hourly basis and the water content researched and the regression model established between water content on daily and hourly basis and the corresponding soil water content for soils at different depths, which provides a reliable mathematical calculation approach for the estimation of soil resistivity at different depths for lightning hazard risk evaluation and lightning proof engineering design and solves the problem of lacking historical observation data on soil resistivity in practical operations.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126009943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344241
V. Cooray
Return stroke models specify the temporal and spatial variation of the return stroke current along the channel. This information is sufficient to evaluate the temporal development of the electric field along the channel of the return stroke. In this paper the mathematical procedure necessary to do this is introduced. The derived equations can be combined with any return stroke model to calculate the power and energy dissipation during the return stroke.
{"title":"Electric field of the return stroke channel","authors":"V. Cooray","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344241","url":null,"abstract":"Return stroke models specify the temporal and spatial variation of the return stroke current along the channel. This information is sufficient to evaluate the temporal development of the electric field along the channel of the return stroke. In this paper the mathematical procedure necessary to do this is introduced. The derived equations can be combined with any return stroke model to calculate the power and energy dissipation during the return stroke.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126749325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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