Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344406
I. Kononov, I. E. Yusupov
A simplified dipole version for an “engineering” return stroke model is considered. The quantitative estimations of its applicability and possible ways of equivalent dipole moment (or its derivatives) reconstruction are discussed. The model is supplemented with clustered sets of sferic wave forms in very low frequency (VLF) band (0,3...30 kHz). Being registered in hard distance constraints these wave forms can be considered as second derivatives of dipole moments. Their averaged wave forms given as tables or approximations can be used for routine numerical field calculations in different applications.
{"title":"A simplified “engineering” return stroke model","authors":"I. Kononov, I. E. Yusupov","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344406","url":null,"abstract":"A simplified dipole version for an “engineering” return stroke model is considered. The quantitative estimations of its applicability and possible ways of equivalent dipole moment (or its derivatives) reconstruction are discussed. The model is supplemented with clustered sets of sferic wave forms in very low frequency (VLF) band (0,3...30 kHz). Being registered in hard distance constraints these wave forms can be considered as second derivatives of dipole moments. Their averaged wave forms given as tables or approximations can be used for routine numerical field calculations in different applications.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131590317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344242
F. C. Lubasi, Chandima Gomes, M. A. Kadir, Mary Ann Cooper
This is the first investigation and analysis of lightning related incidents in Zambia. Two case studies on both human injuries and equipment damage at five sites are reported. Lightning injuries were mostly attributed to the lack of proper structural protection systems, although lack of awareness among the public may also contribute to the situation. Many injury mechanisms, including unsuccessful upward streamers, may cause injuries. Design of lightning protection schemes should take social structures and affordability by the affected public into account. Losses in the power sector are excessively high in the region and seriously affect the operation of both business and domestic life. Replacement cost incurred by the power companies can be prohibitive. Lightning density and pattern in the localized areas, grounding systems of the installations, and specification and installation techniques of lightning arresters should be revisited in giving proper solutions to transformer and power line failures.
{"title":"Case studies of lightning related injuries and property damage in Zambia","authors":"F. C. Lubasi, Chandima Gomes, M. A. Kadir, Mary Ann Cooper","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344242","url":null,"abstract":"This is the first investigation and analysis of lightning related incidents in Zambia. Two case studies on both human injuries and equipment damage at five sites are reported. Lightning injuries were mostly attributed to the lack of proper structural protection systems, although lack of awareness among the public may also contribute to the situation. Many injury mechanisms, including unsuccessful upward streamers, may cause injuries. Design of lightning protection schemes should take social structures and affordability by the affected public into account. Losses in the power sector are excessively high in the region and seriously affect the operation of both business and domestic life. Replacement cost incurred by the power companies can be prohibitive. Lightning density and pattern in the localized areas, grounding systems of the installations, and specification and installation techniques of lightning arresters should be revisited in giving proper solutions to transformer and power line failures.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132079150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344372
J. Montanyà, O. A. van der Velde, D. Romero, V. March, G. Sola, N. Pineda, B. Hermoso, V. Senosiain
In summer 2011 a new VHF Lightning Mapping Array was installed at the northeast of Spain. In that area a VHF interferometer and a VLF/LF lightning detection networks are also operative. The close presence of wind farms in the area of the Lightning Mapping Array showed some lightning activity not reported before. This paper describes the observations and discusses the possible effects to the wind turbine lightning protection.
{"title":"Total lightning observations to wind turbines","authors":"J. Montanyà, O. A. van der Velde, D. Romero, V. March, G. Sola, N. Pineda, B. Hermoso, V. Senosiain","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344372","url":null,"abstract":"In summer 2011 a new VHF Lightning Mapping Array was installed at the northeast of Spain. In that area a VHF interferometer and a VLF/LF lightning detection networks are also operative. The close presence of wind farms in the area of the Lightning Mapping Array showed some lightning activity not reported before. This paper describes the observations and discusses the possible effects to the wind turbine lightning protection.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123707372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344370
T. Potapenko, E. A. Kanunnikova, A. Potapenko
The features of the modified inversion method to determine electric fields in atmosphere relative to cloud borders taking into account grounded rod of lightning protection are presented. Results of computations and their comparative analysis are presented.
介绍了考虑防雷接地杆的改进反演法确定大气中相对云边界电场的特点。给出了计算结果和比较分析。
{"title":"Research of 3-D exterior boundary problems related to electric fields in atmosphere by inversion method","authors":"T. Potapenko, E. A. Kanunnikova, A. Potapenko","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344370","url":null,"abstract":"The features of the modified inversion method to determine electric fields in atmosphere relative to cloud borders taking into account grounded rod of lightning protection are presented. Results of computations and their comparative analysis are presented.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121675113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344273
S. Suchanek, V. Hinrichsen, R. Brocke, K. Muller
This contribution discusses various methods for controlling step voltages around structures equipped with lightning protection systems. Several approaches on step voltage safety limits are given and a proposed limit is derived thereof. Different configurations of earth termination systems are investigated with the help of FEM simulations. From the results guidelines for the design of earth termination systems are derived.
{"title":"Investigations of earth termination systems with respect to optimised step voltages","authors":"S. Suchanek, V. Hinrichsen, R. Brocke, K. Muller","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344273","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344273","url":null,"abstract":"This contribution discusses various methods for controlling step voltages around structures equipped with lightning protection systems. Several approaches on step voltage safety limits are given and a proposed limit is derived thereof. Different configurations of earth termination systems are investigated with the help of FEM simulations. From the results guidelines for the design of earth termination systems are derived.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114175206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344384
V. Javor
A new function is presented in this paper for representation of multi-peaked currents of lightning strokes. Experimentally measured lightning channel-base currents often have a few emphasized peaks. If such currents are approximated with a suitable analytical function, having analytical integral and derivative, lightning electromagnetic field is calculated based on some engineering, electromagnetic or other model of lightning strokes. For the function presented in this paper and two engineering models with new attenuation factors, calculated field results at different distances from the channel base are in better agreement with measurements. Analytically obtained Fourier transform of this function is useful for calculations of lightning electromagnetic field at a lossy ground.
{"title":"Multi-peaked functions for representation of lightning channel-base currents","authors":"V. Javor","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344384","url":null,"abstract":"A new function is presented in this paper for representation of multi-peaked currents of lightning strokes. Experimentally measured lightning channel-base currents often have a few emphasized peaks. If such currents are approximated with a suitable analytical function, having analytical integral and derivative, lightning electromagnetic field is calculated based on some engineering, electromagnetic or other model of lightning strokes. For the function presented in this paper and two engineering models with new attenuation factors, calculated field results at different distances from the channel base are in better agreement with measurements. Analytically obtained Fourier transform of this function is useful for calculations of lightning electromagnetic field at a lossy ground.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114447903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344264
M. Miki, T. Miki, T. Shindo
The luminosity characteristics of initial continuous current pulses (ICC pulse) in upward negative lightning flashes were observed using the automatic lightning progressing observation system (ALPS) at the 200 m chimney in the Fukui thermal power plant. Furthermore, the current waveforms of upward negative lightning flashes were measured with two shunt resistors. As a result, we obtained 81 current waveforms and 20 image files using ALPS from 1989 to 2008. From our observation results, we analyzed the luminosity variation of the lighting channel involving ICC pulses in the upward lightning flash. 13 of the 20 ICC pulses were accompanied by upward progressing luminous phenomena. From the obtained analysis results, we found that the average speed of the luminous channel was about 7×107m/s, which is close to return stroke speed.
{"title":"Luminosity characteristics of initial continuous current pulses in upward lightning flashes","authors":"M. Miki, T. Miki, T. Shindo","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344264","url":null,"abstract":"The luminosity characteristics of initial continuous current pulses (ICC pulse) in upward negative lightning flashes were observed using the automatic lightning progressing observation system (ALPS) at the 200 m chimney in the Fukui thermal power plant. Furthermore, the current waveforms of upward negative lightning flashes were measured with two shunt resistors. As a result, we obtained 81 current waveforms and 20 image files using ALPS from 1989 to 2008. From our observation results, we analyzed the luminosity variation of the lighting channel involving ICC pulses in the upward lightning flash. 13 of the 20 ICC pulses were accompanied by upward progressing luminous phenomena. From the obtained analysis results, we found that the average speed of the luminous channel was about 7×107m/s, which is close to return stroke speed.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115842561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344340
Y. Takayanagi, M. Akita, Y. Nakamura, S. Yoshida, T. Morimoto, T. Ushio, Z. Kawasaki
We have been designing and developing a 3D lightning location system based on the broadband digital interferometry technique in VLF/LF band. The VLF/LF broadband digital interferometer (VLF/LF DITF) is able to locate lightning discharges such as return strokes, K events, and compact intracloud lightning discharges (CIDs), which are energetic breakdowns within thunderclouds several hundred kilometers away from the VLF/LF DITF. From July 2011 to now, a simultaneous observation of a VLF/LF band DITF and VHF broadband digital interferometers (VHF band DITF) were conducted in Kansai, Japan. We show the time series variation of an intracloud discharge initiated by a preliminary breakdown pulse train (PB), negative cloud to ground flash and intracloud discharge including K-event. VLF/LF DITF successfully located not only energetic breakdowns within thunderclouds but also leader processes.
{"title":"Leader process in 3D observed by VLF/LF broadband interferometer","authors":"Y. Takayanagi, M. Akita, Y. Nakamura, S. Yoshida, T. Morimoto, T. Ushio, Z. Kawasaki","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344340","url":null,"abstract":"We have been designing and developing a 3D lightning location system based on the broadband digital interferometry technique in VLF/LF band. The VLF/LF broadband digital interferometer (VLF/LF DITF) is able to locate lightning discharges such as return strokes, K events, and compact intracloud lightning discharges (CIDs), which are energetic breakdowns within thunderclouds several hundred kilometers away from the VLF/LF DITF. From July 2011 to now, a simultaneous observation of a VLF/LF band DITF and VHF broadband digital interferometers (VHF band DITF) were conducted in Kansai, Japan. We show the time series variation of an intracloud discharge initiated by a preliminary breakdown pulse train (PB), negative cloud to ground flash and intracloud discharge including K-event. VLF/LF DITF successfully located not only energetic breakdowns within thunderclouds but also leader processes.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115874009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the outline of countermeasures to enhance lightning-proof characteristics of traction power supply system in Tokyo metropolitan area which have been invested since 2009 is shown. Especially, the investment to improve grounding conductor in DC traction substations is advanced achievement which improve grounding system characteristics against surge voltage and current and explained in detail. The effects of the improvement constructions are also shown.
{"title":"Improvement of grounding system of DC traction substation in railway power supply system","authors":"H. Hayashiya, Norio Koguchi, Hiroshi Yamamoto, Takashi Ozaki, Takashi Sakurai, Rikiya Inoue","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344232","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the outline of countermeasures to enhance lightning-proof characteristics of traction power supply system in Tokyo metropolitan area which have been invested since 2009 is shown. Especially, the investment to improve grounding conductor in DC traction substations is advanced achievement which improve grounding system characteristics against surge voltage and current and explained in detail. The effects of the improvement constructions are also shown.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116958220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344328
A. Lima, J. Paulino, W. Boaventura, M. F. Guimarães
This paper presents a simplified method for calculating the tower-footing grounding impedance of a transmission line. The grounding is comprised by four counterpoises and the proposed method considers the mutual effects between electrodes. The simulations are carried out in PSPICE program and implementing naturally becomes a simple task. The electrode length and soil resistivity vary for different values. The simulation results are obtained in the frequency domain and in the time domain showing important features of the grounding response when subject to an impulsive current.
{"title":"A simplified method for calculating the tower grounding impedance by means of pspice","authors":"A. Lima, J. Paulino, W. Boaventura, M. F. Guimarães","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344328","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simplified method for calculating the tower-footing grounding impedance of a transmission line. The grounding is comprised by four counterpoises and the proposed method considers the mutual effects between electrodes. The simulations are carried out in PSPICE program and implementing naturally becomes a simple task. The electrode length and soil resistivity vary for different values. The simulation results are obtained in the frequency domain and in the time domain showing important features of the grounding response when subject to an impulsive current.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"565 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123319776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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