Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344295
K. Otani, Y. Shiraki, Y. Baba, N. Nagaoka, A. Ametani, N. Itamoto
If an impulse or surge high current flows in a grounding electrode, the soil in the vicinity of the grounding electrode would be ionized and the voltage generated at the top of the grounding electrode would be reduced. Recently, Ala et al. (2008) have proposed a soil ionization model, on the basis of the dynamic soil-resistivity model of Liew and Darveniza (1974), for finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computations. In the model, the resistivity of each soil-representing cell is controlled by the instantaneous value of the electric field there and time. Ala et al. have tested the validity of the model against experiments on a single vertical grounding rod having two different lengths: 0.61 m and 3.05 m, into which a simple-shape unipolar high current is injected. In this paper, the model is applied to analyzing the surge responses of four parallel vertical grounding rods of length 3.05 m and a single horizontal grounding conductor having two different lengths: 8.1 m and 34 m to a single-peak unipolar high current, and the FDTD-computed responses are compared with the corresponding ones measured by Bellaschi et al. (1942) and Sekioka et al. (1998). Furthermore, it is applied to analyzing the surge responses of a 1-m single vertical grounding rod and a 5-m single horizontal grounding conductor to a double-peak unipolar high current. The FDTD-computed responses are then compared with the corresponding ones measured by Geri et al. (1992).
当脉冲或浪涌大电流流过接地电极时，接地电极附近的土壤会被电离，从而使接地电极顶部产生的电压降低。最近，Ala等人(2008)在Liew和Darveniza(1974)的动态土壤电阻率模型的基础上，提出了一种用于时域有限差分(FDTD)计算的土壤电离模型。在该模型中，每个土壤代表单元的电阻率由该单元的电场瞬时值和时间控制。Ala等人在一个垂直接地棒上进行了实验，该接地棒有两种不同的长度:0.61 m和3.05 m，并注入了简单形状的单极高电流，从而验证了该模型的有效性。本文应用该模型分析了长度为3.05 m的4根平行垂直接地棒和长度为8.1 m和34 m的单个水平接地导体对单峰单极大电流的浪涌响应，并将fdt计算的响应与Bellaschi et al.(1942)和Sekioka et al.(1998)的相应测量结果进行了比较。应用该方法分析了1m的单垂直接地棒和5m的单水平接地导体对双峰单极大电流的浪涌响应。然后将fdtd计算的响应与Geri等人(1992)测量的相应响应进行比较。
{"title":"FDTD simulation of grounding electrodes considering soil ionization","authors":"K. Otani, Y. Shiraki, Y. Baba, N. Nagaoka, A. Ametani, N. Itamoto","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344295","url":null,"abstract":"If an impulse or surge high current flows in a grounding electrode, the soil in the vicinity of the grounding electrode would be ionized and the voltage generated at the top of the grounding electrode would be reduced. Recently, Ala et al. (2008) have proposed a soil ionization model, on the basis of the dynamic soil-resistivity model of Liew and Darveniza (1974), for finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) computations. In the model, the resistivity of each soil-representing cell is controlled by the instantaneous value of the electric field there and time. Ala et al. have tested the validity of the model against experiments on a single vertical grounding rod having two different lengths: 0.61 m and 3.05 m, into which a simple-shape unipolar high current is injected. In this paper, the model is applied to analyzing the surge responses of four parallel vertical grounding rods of length 3.05 m and a single horizontal grounding conductor having two different lengths: 8.1 m and 34 m to a single-peak unipolar high current, and the FDTD-computed responses are compared with the corresponding ones measured by Bellaschi et al. (1942) and Sekioka et al. (1998). Furthermore, it is applied to analyzing the surge responses of a 1-m single vertical grounding rod and a 5-m single horizontal grounding conductor to a double-peak unipolar high current. The FDTD-computed responses are then compared with the corresponding ones measured by Geri et al. (1992).","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114675541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344269
I. Uglesic, V. Milardić, B. Franc, Silvia Piliškić
Paper deals with the time correlation between lightning strokes and protection relay pickups. On a line fault, the relay pickup is the first action registered by the protection relay. For this, the pickup time is taken for correlation with lightning data available from the lightning locating system (LLS). The conducted studies have shown the time differences between a lightning stroke and a relay pickup to be up to 28 ms in 85% of the observed cases.
{"title":"Study of time correlation between lightning data recorded by LLS and relay protection","authors":"I. Uglesic, V. Milardić, B. Franc, Silvia Piliškić","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344269","url":null,"abstract":"Paper deals with the time correlation between lightning strokes and protection relay pickups. On a line fault, the relay pickup is the first action registered by the protection relay. For this, the pickup time is taken for correlation with lightning data available from the lightning locating system (LLS). The conducted studies have shown the time differences between a lightning stroke and a relay pickup to be up to 28 ms in 85% of the observed cases.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125123209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344290
D. Gazzana, A. Bretas, G. Dias, M. Telló, Dave W. P. Thomas, C. Christopoulos
This paper presents a study about the influence of the different types of soils and surge wave characteristics in terms of human safety. The study is focused on the step, contact and transferred potentials generated by a lightning reaching a grounding system and the produced potential gradients that a person could be exposed to. A Transmission Line Modeling Method and a circuit based model are used to represent the grounding system and the human body. Several simulations were preformed in order to evaluate the behavior of the current passing through the heart.
{"title":"Contribution to the study of human safety against lightning considering the grounding system influence and the variations of the associated parameters","authors":"D. Gazzana, A. Bretas, G. Dias, M. Telló, Dave W. P. Thomas, C. Christopoulos","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344290","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a study about the influence of the different types of soils and surge wave characteristics in terms of human safety. The study is focused on the step, contact and transferred potentials generated by a lightning reaching a grounding system and the produced potential gradients that a person could be exposed to. A Transmission Line Modeling Method and a circuit based model are used to represent the grounding system and the human body. Several simulations were preformed in order to evaluate the behavior of the current passing through the heart.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125888662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344305
V. Cooray, C. Nucci, F. Rachidi
The effect of structure height on the lightning striking distance is estimated using a lightning strike model that takes into account the effect of connecting leaders. According to the results, the lightning striking distance may differ significantly from the values assumed in the IEC standard for structure heights beyond 30 m. However, for structure heights smaller than about 30 m, the results show that the values assumed by IEC do not differ significantly from the model's predictions based on a striking model taking into account the effect of connecting leaders. However, since IEC assumes a smaller striking distance than the ones predicted by the adopted model one can conclude that the safety is not compromised in adhering to the IEC standard. In this respect, further analysis making use of lightning strike models developed by other authors is recommended.
{"title":"On the possible variation of the lightning striking distance as defined in the IEC lightning protection standard as a function of structure height","authors":"V. Cooray, C. Nucci, F. Rachidi","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344305","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344305","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of structure height on the lightning striking distance is estimated using a lightning strike model that takes into account the effect of connecting leaders. According to the results, the lightning striking distance may differ significantly from the values assumed in the IEC standard for structure heights beyond 30 m. However, for structure heights smaller than about 30 m, the results show that the values assumed by IEC do not differ significantly from the model's predictions based on a striking model taking into account the effect of connecting leaders. However, since IEC assumes a smaller striking distance than the ones predicted by the adopted model one can conclude that the safety is not compromised in adhering to the IEC standard. In this respect, further analysis making use of lightning strike models developed by other authors is recommended.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"575 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116205185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344244
J. Plesch, S. Pack, K. Preis, G. Fritscher
Gasometers are used in Austria to store a big quantity of explosive gas and represent exposed objects due to lightning of their height of several 10 meters. A floating disk on the top of the gas inside the tank divides the gasometer volume into two chambers, one at the bottom filled with gas and one above the disk with seldom explosive gas mixture (gas and air). According to the lightning protection standard EN 62305 on structures are taller than 60 m a lightning stroke to the side of the structures may occur, especially to corners and edges of the surface. Due to the average lighting flash density in Austria it is important to ensure the protection against direct strokes and to ensure no uncontrolled discharge inside the gasometer tank. To evaluate the effect of lightning inside the gasometer shell, a numerical simulation model was performed to investigate the current distribution and electric field strength inside the gasometer. With the distribution of the electric field strength, the voltage potential in several points and furthermore the voltage difference could be calculated.
{"title":"Current distribution and electric field inside a gasometer due to direct lightning","authors":"J. Plesch, S. Pack, K. Preis, G. Fritscher","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344244","url":null,"abstract":"Gasometers are used in Austria to store a big quantity of explosive gas and represent exposed objects due to lightning of their height of several 10 meters. A floating disk on the top of the gas inside the tank divides the gasometer volume into two chambers, one at the bottom filled with gas and one above the disk with seldom explosive gas mixture (gas and air). According to the lightning protection standard EN 62305 on structures are taller than 60 m a lightning stroke to the side of the structures may occur, especially to corners and edges of the surface. Due to the average lighting flash density in Austria it is important to ensure the protection against direct strokes and to ensure no uncontrolled discharge inside the gasometer tank. To evaluate the effect of lightning inside the gasometer shell, a numerical simulation model was performed to investigate the current distribution and electric field strength inside the gasometer. With the distribution of the electric field strength, the voltage potential in several points and furthermore the voltage difference could be calculated.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122541246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344317
D. Cavka, D. Poljak, V. Doric, S. Antonijevic
The paper deals with some computational aspects of modeling the lightning return strokes using the full wave model. The electromagnetic model of lightning return stroke is based on the thin wire antenna theory and the related Pocklington integro-differential equation in the frequency domain while the corresponding transient response is obtained by means of hybrid (analytical and numerical) version of the Inverse Fourier Transform. The Pocklington equation is solved by the Galerkin-Bubnov Indirect Boundary Element Method (GB-IBEM). Special attention is given to the computational differences arising from the usage of current and voltage source, respectively.
{"title":"Some computational aspects of using current and voltage sources in electromagnetic models of lightning return strokes","authors":"D. Cavka, D. Poljak, V. Doric, S. Antonijevic","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344317","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344317","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with some computational aspects of modeling the lightning return strokes using the full wave model. The electromagnetic model of lightning return stroke is based on the thin wire antenna theory and the related Pocklington integro-differential equation in the frequency domain while the corresponding transient response is obtained by means of hybrid (analytical and numerical) version of the Inverse Fourier Transform. The Pocklington equation is solved by the Galerkin-Bubnov Indirect Boundary Element Method (GB-IBEM). Special attention is given to the computational differences arising from the usage of current and voltage source, respectively.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122791549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344283
D. Wang, N. Takagi, D. Hill, W. Gamerota, D. Jordan, M. Uman
Using a high speed optical imaging system operated at a time resolution better than 100 ns, we have documented the initiation process of 14 subsequent return strokes contained in 4 rocket-triggered lightning flashes. Of the 14 strokes, 9 occurred following dart leaders and 5 following dart-stepped leaders. The return strokes are found being initiated at a height ranging from 2.3 m to 26.0 m above the lightning termination point. A return stroke with a larger peak electric current tends to initiate higher. All the return strokes show initial bidirectional (upward and downward from their initiation height) propagation. We have been able to estimate the initial upward propagation speeds for all the return strokes. The resultant speeds range from 0.4×108 m/s to 2.5×108 m/s. For the downward propagation speeds, only two strokes among the 14 strokes allow us to perform a reasonable estimation. The resultant speeds are 0.6×108 m/s, 0.5×108 m/s, respectively. A negative correlation has been noted between their initial upward propagation speeds and their downward leaders' speeds.
{"title":"High speed optical observation on initiation process of lightning return strokes","authors":"D. Wang, N. Takagi, D. Hill, W. Gamerota, D. Jordan, M. Uman","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344283","url":null,"abstract":"Using a high speed optical imaging system operated at a time resolution better than 100 ns, we have documented the initiation process of 14 subsequent return strokes contained in 4 rocket-triggered lightning flashes. Of the 14 strokes, 9 occurred following dart leaders and 5 following dart-stepped leaders. The return strokes are found being initiated at a height ranging from 2.3 m to 26.0 m above the lightning termination point. A return stroke with a larger peak electric current tends to initiate higher. All the return strokes show initial bidirectional (upward and downward from their initiation height) propagation. We have been able to estimate the initial upward propagation speeds for all the return strokes. The resultant speeds range from 0.4×108 m/s to 2.5×108 m/s. For the downward propagation speeds, only two strokes among the 14 strokes allow us to perform a reasonable estimation. The resultant speeds are 0.6×108 m/s, 0.5×108 m/s, respectively. A negative correlation has been noted between their initial upward propagation speeds and their downward leaders' speeds.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"734 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122942455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344367
Y. Hernandez, K. Stimper, W. Zischank, B. Lewke
Recent editions of standards for lightning protection of wind turbines recommend that air termination systems of rotor blades shall withstand severe requirements in terms of lightning current. An exception to this recommendation can be suggested, if a risk analysis shows that a lower lightning protection level - LPL can be achieved in the geographical location, where the wind park will be erected. In order to comply with the latest edition of these standards and the highest LPL, an experimental assessment in the high-current lab at the university was conducted; different configurations of air terminations systems where tested, which aim to reproduce “short duration strokes” and “long duration strokes”. The classification of “passed” or “not-passed” was chosen for this validation.
{"title":"An experimental approach of the effects of lightning currents on rotor blade tips of wind turbines","authors":"Y. Hernandez, K. Stimper, W. Zischank, B. Lewke","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344367","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344367","url":null,"abstract":"Recent editions of standards for lightning protection of wind turbines recommend that air termination systems of rotor blades shall withstand severe requirements in terms of lightning current. An exception to this recommendation can be suggested, if a risk analysis shows that a lower lightning protection level - LPL can be achieved in the geographical location, where the wind park will be erected. In order to comply with the latest edition of these standards and the highest LPL, an experimental assessment in the high-current lab at the university was conducted; different configurations of air terminations systems where tested, which aim to reproduce “short duration strokes” and “long duration strokes”. The classification of “passed” or “not-passed” was chosen for this validation.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128358190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344294
K. Naccarato, O. Pinto
The Brazilian Total Lightning Network (BrasilDAT) combines advanced lightning detection technologies with modern electronics and already covers 11 States of Brazil. The network is composed of 48 EarthNetworks Lightning Sensors (ENLS), each of them with a GPS-based timing circuit, a digital signal processor (DSP) and onboard storage and internet communication equipment. The ENLS is a wideband system with detection frequency ranging from 1Hz to 12MHz. The wide frequency range enables the sensor to not only detect cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes, but also intra-cloud (IC) pulses. The sensor records whole waveforms of each event and sends them back, in compressed data packets, to the central processor. Instead of using only the peak values, the whole waveforms are used in locating the events and differentiating between IC and CG discharges. Sophisticated digital signal processing technologies are employed on the server side to ensure high-quality detections and to eliminate false locations. This paper presents some preliminary results of two severe storms in Southeastern Brazil that were tracked by BrasilDAT showing the spatial and temporal evolution of IC and CG discharges compared to radar, satellite images and numerical model products. Those results showed the potential of total lightning information for CG lightning warning purposes.
{"title":"Lightning detection in Southeastern Brazil from the new Brazilian Total Lightning Network (BrasilDAT)","authors":"K. Naccarato, O. Pinto","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344294","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazilian Total Lightning Network (BrasilDAT) combines advanced lightning detection technologies with modern electronics and already covers 11 States of Brazil. The network is composed of 48 EarthNetworks Lightning Sensors (ENLS), each of them with a GPS-based timing circuit, a digital signal processor (DSP) and onboard storage and internet communication equipment. The ENLS is a wideband system with detection frequency ranging from 1Hz to 12MHz. The wide frequency range enables the sensor to not only detect cloud-to-ground (CG) strokes, but also intra-cloud (IC) pulses. The sensor records whole waveforms of each event and sends them back, in compressed data packets, to the central processor. Instead of using only the peak values, the whole waveforms are used in locating the events and differentiating between IC and CG discharges. Sophisticated digital signal processing technologies are employed on the server side to ensure high-quality detections and to eliminate false locations. This paper presents some preliminary results of two severe storms in Southeastern Brazil that were tracked by BrasilDAT showing the spatial and temporal evolution of IC and CG discharges compared to radar, satellite images and numerical model products. Those results showed the potential of total lightning information for CG lightning warning purposes.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124745403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344408
W. Zischank, K. Stimper
In case of a direct lightning strike to a building dangerous sparking may occur between the external lightning protection system and conductive parts inside or at the building. To avoid such side flashes a minimum separation distance between these parts has to be kept. The standard IEC 62305-3 provides an equation and parameters to determine the necessary separation distance. The parameters given there were developed for large loops, many meters wide. Nowadays, it often occurs that the air termination system is to be placed relatively close to large conductive areas. Typical examples are air termination wires placed on a metal roof or on a reinforced concrete structure. For such cases, it has to be expected that the parameters are different to those given in IEC 62305-3. Objective of this paper is to experimentally determine these parameters.
{"title":"Separation distances for air termination systems in proximity to large conductive areas","authors":"W. Zischank, K. Stimper","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344408","url":null,"abstract":"In case of a direct lightning strike to a building dangerous sparking may occur between the external lightning protection system and conductive parts inside or at the building. To avoid such side flashes a minimum separation distance between these parts has to be kept. The standard IEC 62305-3 provides an equation and parameters to determine the necessary separation distance. The parameters given there were developed for large loops, many meters wide. Nowadays, it often occurs that the air termination system is to be placed relatively close to large conductive areas. Typical examples are air termination wires placed on a metal roof or on a reinforced concrete structure. For such cases, it has to be expected that the parameters are different to those given in IEC 62305-3. Objective of this paper is to experimentally determine these parameters.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130381884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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