Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344318
M. Khosravi-Farsani, R. Moini, S. Sadeghi, F. Rachidi
Using a parallel implementation of the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique, we test the accuracy of the Cooray formula in which the underground horizontal electric field is evaluated using its counterpart at the air-soil interface. This latter can be calculated using either (i) the original Cooray-Rubinstein (CR) formula in which the magnetic field at ground level is evaluated assuming the ground as a perfect conductor, (ii) taking into account propagation effects in the computation of the magnetic field. We show that, by taking into account propagation effects in the computation of the magnetic fields used in the CR formula and for ground conductivities of 0.001 S/m and higher, the underground horizontal electric field can be evaluated using the Cooray formula with acceptable accuracy.
{"title":"On the validity of the Cooray formula for the evaluation of the underground horizontal electric fields of lightning","authors":"M. Khosravi-Farsani, R. Moini, S. Sadeghi, F. Rachidi","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344318","url":null,"abstract":"Using a parallel implementation of the finite difference time domain (FDTD) technique, we test the accuracy of the Cooray formula in which the underground horizontal electric field is evaluated using its counterpart at the air-soil interface. This latter can be calculated using either (i) the original Cooray-Rubinstein (CR) formula in which the magnetic field at ground level is evaluated assuming the ground as a perfect conductor, (ii) taking into account propagation effects in the computation of the magnetic field. We show that, by taking into account propagation effects in the computation of the magnetic fields used in the CR formula and for ground conductivities of 0.001 S/m and higher, the underground horizontal electric field can be evaluated using the Cooray formula with acceptable accuracy.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"301 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124449157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344296
S. C. Lim, M. A. Ab. Kadir, C. Gomes, S. Buba
Earth resistance of buried steel cages, encased in bentonite mixed concrete has been investigated. A reference pit was constructed with steel cage encasing in ordinary concrete. The land mass of the site has somewhat uniform surface soil resistivity which is in the range of 100 Ωm. The performance of earth resistance in each electrode has been measured for five months. The results show that for the first month, the lowest earth resistance and the highest decrement in earth resistance are shown by the pit with concrete having 20% bentonite. However, for the following four months, pits with bentonite mixed concrete showed increased earth resistance compared to the reference pit. These results indicate that the long-term reduction in earth resistance in electrodes encased with bentonite, as observed in previous studies, is not the case with electrodes embedded in bentonite mixed concrete. The initial reduction of earth resistance observed at pits with bentonite mixed concrete may most probably be due to the presence of hydrated bentonite which is not mixed with other constituents of concrete. Other than the pits with 20% and 70% bentonite, the outcome of this research thus far reaffirms the capability of concrete blocks to maintain earth resistance with small fluctuation.
{"title":"Preliminary results of the performance of grounding electrodes encased in bentonite-mixed concrete","authors":"S. C. Lim, M. A. Ab. Kadir, C. Gomes, S. Buba","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344296","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344296","url":null,"abstract":"Earth resistance of buried steel cages, encased in bentonite mixed concrete has been investigated. A reference pit was constructed with steel cage encasing in ordinary concrete. The land mass of the site has somewhat uniform surface soil resistivity which is in the range of 100 Ωm. The performance of earth resistance in each electrode has been measured for five months. The results show that for the first month, the lowest earth resistance and the highest decrement in earth resistance are shown by the pit with concrete having 20% bentonite. However, for the following four months, pits with bentonite mixed concrete showed increased earth resistance compared to the reference pit. These results indicate that the long-term reduction in earth resistance in electrodes encased with bentonite, as observed in previous studies, is not the case with electrodes embedded in bentonite mixed concrete. The initial reduction of earth resistance observed at pits with bentonite mixed concrete may most probably be due to the presence of hydrated bentonite which is not mixed with other constituents of concrete. Other than the pits with 20% and 70% bentonite, the outcome of this research thus far reaffirms the capability of concrete blocks to maintain earth resistance with small fluctuation.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127742267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344201
J. Plumer
The paper reviews of the latest standards for high voltage (electric field) and high current testing for aircraft and wind turbines and how their results have compared with observed real world lightning effects. Observations are offered regarding directions future updates of the standards might take.
{"title":"Laboratory test results and natural lightning strike effects: How well do they compare","authors":"J. Plumer","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344201","url":null,"abstract":"The paper reviews of the latest standards for high voltage (electric field) and high current testing for aircraft and wind turbines and how their results have compared with observed real world lightning effects. Observations are offered regarding directions future updates of the standards might take.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125425402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344213
M. Lefouili, Z. Belli, K. Kerroum, K. El Khamlichi Drissi
The response of grounding systems is calculated under fault conditions or when they are hit by lightning directly in time domain. The current distribution and potential along the structure are determined using transmission line theory. The electromagnetic fields in the surrounding soil are determined from the previously calculated current distribution using dipoles theory with analytical formulas in infinite conductive medium. Modified images theory is used for taking in account the interface in the half space instead Summerfield integrals. The model can be used to predict the E.M environment of grounding systems because; it can calculate electromagnetic fields in any points of interest.
{"title":"Computational model of grounding systems","authors":"M. Lefouili, Z. Belli, K. Kerroum, K. El Khamlichi Drissi","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344213","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344213","url":null,"abstract":"The response of grounding systems is calculated under fault conditions or when they are hit by lightning directly in time domain. The current distribution and potential along the structure are determined using transmission line theory. The electromagnetic fields in the surrounding soil are determined from the previously calculated current distribution using dipoles theory with analytical formulas in infinite conductive medium. Modified images theory is used for taking in account the interface in the half space instead Summerfield integrals. The model can be used to predict the E.M environment of grounding systems because; it can calculate electromagnetic fields in any points of interest.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"99 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115916216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344337
M. A. Kadir, N. R. Misbah, C. Gomes, J. Jasni, W. Ahmad, Mohd Khair Hassan
It is a fact that Malaysia encounters more than 70% of power outages due to lightning and it is known as the “Crown of Lightning” in the world. The effects of lightning on electrical/communication networks and structures account for equipment damage, downtime/data losses and malfunctioning of control and automated systems that may cost the nation over RM 250 million and thousands of human injuries and deaths. Good statistics about death and injuries around the world are just beginning to be collected. This paper presents an update of the statistics on lightning fatalities in Malaysia and some comparisons with other countries around the world. In addition, a case study that accounts the geographical location, lightning detection data and distribution system layout will be presented.
{"title":"Recent statistics on lightning fatalities in Malaysia","authors":"M. A. Kadir, N. R. Misbah, C. Gomes, J. Jasni, W. Ahmad, Mohd Khair Hassan","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344337","url":null,"abstract":"It is a fact that Malaysia encounters more than 70% of power outages due to lightning and it is known as the “Crown of Lightning” in the world. The effects of lightning on electrical/communication networks and structures account for equipment damage, downtime/data losses and malfunctioning of control and automated systems that may cost the nation over RM 250 million and thousands of human injuries and deaths. Good statistics about death and injuries around the world are just beginning to be collected. This paper presents an update of the statistics on lightning fatalities in Malaysia and some comparisons with other countries around the world. In addition, a case study that accounts the geographical location, lightning detection data and distribution system layout will be presented.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131794204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344225
G. Finis, Steffen Pförtner, T. Meyer, Andrei Siegel
Surge voltages can cause damage to the electronic equipment of measurement, control and regulation systems (MCR systems). The use of specially designed surge protective devices (SPDs) provides effective protection against this kind of stress and ensures a high operational availability of these systems. The newly developed SPD presented is based on a 2-state protection circuit featuring low impulse-limiting voltage and high surge current handling capability. Moreover, the SPD contains new overload protection functions which ensure - especially in case of use in MCR applications with a high operation voltage level and high short circuit energies - a maximum level of product safety. To permit condition-oriented and predictive maintenance, monitoring and diagnosis functions for the evaluation of the condition of the protective components are developed. The results presented, provide practical information for the design of future-orientated products for the protection of MCR systems.
{"title":"Monitoring, diagnosis and safety-related functions for surge protective devices for the use in MCR applications","authors":"G. Finis, Steffen Pförtner, T. Meyer, Andrei Siegel","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344225","url":null,"abstract":"Surge voltages can cause damage to the electronic equipment of measurement, control and regulation systems (MCR systems). The use of specially designed surge protective devices (SPDs) provides effective protection against this kind of stress and ensures a high operational availability of these systems. The newly developed SPD presented is based on a 2-state protection circuit featuring low impulse-limiting voltage and high surge current handling capability. Moreover, the SPD contains new overload protection functions which ensure - especially in case of use in MCR applications with a high operation voltage level and high short circuit energies - a maximum level of product safety. To permit condition-oriented and predictive maintenance, monitoring and diagnosis functions for the evaluation of the condition of the protective components are developed. The results presented, provide practical information for the design of future-orientated products for the protection of MCR systems.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126598459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344333
M. Guimarães, L. Araújo, R. V. Castro, L. F. D. Santos, M. H. M. Vale, S. Visacro
The experimental and simulated responses of a grounding grid, comprising 20 4-m-×-4-m meshes buried in a 160-Ωm soil, subjected to currents with lightning-patterned waveforms were determined. Simulations considered assumptions of constant and frequency dependent soil resistivity and permittivity. The amplitude and waveform of the measured and simulated grounding potential rise were quite similar and, due to the low value of soil resistivity, the frequency dependence of soil parameters practically did not affect the results.
{"title":"Impulse response of grounding grids: Experimental versus simulated results","authors":"M. Guimarães, L. Araújo, R. V. Castro, L. F. D. Santos, M. H. M. Vale, S. Visacro","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344333","url":null,"abstract":"The experimental and simulated responses of a grounding grid, comprising 20 4-m-×-4-m meshes buried in a 160-Ωm soil, subjected to currents with lightning-patterned waveforms were determined. Simulations considered assumptions of constant and frequency dependent soil resistivity and permittivity. The amplitude and waveform of the measured and simulated grounding potential rise were quite similar and, due to the low value of soil resistivity, the frequency dependence of soil parameters practically did not affect the results.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131133115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344393
M. Lozano, L. G. D. Pulgar
One of the main parameters involved in lightning studies in wind mill parks, is the grounding system. For this reason, it is necessary to know not only the grounding resistance at low frequency (measured with traditional equipments), but also the transient behavior especially in the frequency domain. In Venezuela, recently was installed a wind mills park with 100 MW of capacity, in a region with high lightning activity. In this context, a variety of measurements of the grounding systems were carried out during this year, including: soil resistivity, traditional resistance measurement and impedance measurement using a portable lightning generator at 3 kV. The main results are showed and analyzed in the context of knowing more detailed the behavior of grounding systems in this special kind of applications.
{"title":"Field measurement of the grounding impedance of a wind farm in Venezuela","authors":"M. Lozano, L. G. D. Pulgar","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344393","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main parameters involved in lightning studies in wind mill parks, is the grounding system. For this reason, it is necessary to know not only the grounding resistance at low frequency (measured with traditional equipments), but also the transient behavior especially in the frequency domain. In Venezuela, recently was installed a wind mills park with 100 MW of capacity, in a region with high lightning activity. In this context, a variety of measurements of the grounding systems were carried out during this year, including: soil resistivity, traditional resistance measurement and impedance measurement using a portable lightning generator at 3 kV. The main results are showed and analyzed in the context of knowing more detailed the behavior of grounding systems in this special kind of applications.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115184907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344271
C. Romero, M. Rubinstein, F. Rachidi, M. Paolone, V. Rakov, D. Pavanello
We present an analysis of measured current waveforms associated with positive and bipolar flashes recorded on the Säntis tower, Switzerland, from May 2010 till January 2012. The overall number of recorded flashes in the considered period was 201, of which 30 were of positive polarity (effectively transported positive charge to ground) and three were bipolar. The recorded positive flashes were mainly concentrated in the summer months, August being the month during which most of them occurred (6 events in 2010 and 16 events in 2011). The observed positive flashes are characterized by a median peak current of 11.8 kA, and a median flash duration of 80 ms. These values are consistent with those associated with the data recorded at the Gaisberg Tower in Austria. On the other hand, the amount of transferred charge is substantially larger in our dataset, with a median value of 169 C (6 times as large as the values obtained in Monte San Salvatore and in Japan, and 3 times as large as the value obtained in Austria). Eight flashes out of 30 transported positive charge to the ground in excess of 500 C. The obtained results confirm also the findings of Saba et al. according to which positive lightning flashes may combine high peak currents with high charge transfers (or flash durations). The three bipolar flashes recorded during the considered time period occurred during one storm occurred on August 27, 2011. The relative number of bipolar flashes (1.5%) is found to be lower than the values reported in previous studies in Austria and in Switzerland (3 to 6%). On the basis of the classification proposed by Rakov, two of the three observed bipolar flashes belonged to Type 2 and one to Type 3.
我们提出了从2010年5月到2012年1月在瑞士Säntis塔上记录的与正极和双极闪光相关的测量电流波形的分析。在考虑的时间段内，记录的闪光总数为201次，其中30次为正极性(有效地将正电荷输送到地面)，3次为双极性。有记录的正闪主要集中在夏季，8月为多发月(2010年6次，2011年16次)。观察到的正闪的特征是中位峰值电流为11.8 kA，中位闪光持续时间为80 ms。这些数值与在奥地利盖斯伯格塔记录的数据相一致。另一方面，在我们的数据集中，转移电荷的数量要大得多，中位数为169 C(是Monte San Salvatore和日本的6倍，是奥地利的3倍)。30次闪电中有8次将超过500℃的正电荷输送到地面，所获得的结果也证实了Saba等人的发现，根据Saba等人的发现，正极闪电可能结合了高峰值电流和高电荷转移(或闪光持续时间)。在所考虑的时间段内记录的三次双极闪光发生在2011年8月27日的一次风暴中。发现双相闪光的相对数量(1.5%)低于奥地利和瑞士先前研究报告的值(3%至6%)。根据Rakov提出的分类，观察到的三次双相闪光中有两次属于2型，一次属于3型。
{"title":"Some characteristics of positive and bipolar lightning flashes recorded on the Säntis tower in 2010 and 2011","authors":"C. Romero, M. Rubinstein, F. Rachidi, M. Paolone, V. Rakov, D. Pavanello","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344271","url":null,"abstract":"We present an analysis of measured current waveforms associated with positive and bipolar flashes recorded on the Säntis tower, Switzerland, from May 2010 till January 2012. The overall number of recorded flashes in the considered period was 201, of which 30 were of positive polarity (effectively transported positive charge to ground) and three were bipolar. The recorded positive flashes were mainly concentrated in the summer months, August being the month during which most of them occurred (6 events in 2010 and 16 events in 2011). The observed positive flashes are characterized by a median peak current of 11.8 kA, and a median flash duration of 80 ms. These values are consistent with those associated with the data recorded at the Gaisberg Tower in Austria. On the other hand, the amount of transferred charge is substantially larger in our dataset, with a median value of 169 C (6 times as large as the values obtained in Monte San Salvatore and in Japan, and 3 times as large as the value obtained in Austria). Eight flashes out of 30 transported positive charge to the ground in excess of 500 C. The obtained results confirm also the findings of Saba et al. according to which positive lightning flashes may combine high peak currents with high charge transfers (or flash durations). The three bipolar flashes recorded during the considered time period occurred during one storm occurred on August 27, 2011. The relative number of bipolar flashes (1.5%) is found to be lower than the values reported in previous studies in Austria and in Switzerland (3 to 6%). On the basis of the classification proposed by Rakov, two of the three observed bipolar flashes belonged to Type 2 and one to Type 3.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"294 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124172290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2012-11-12DOI: 10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344410
A. Chandimal, C. Gomes
Seventeen communication towers and their neighbourhood have been investigated for lightning threats. There is no credible evidence to conclude that the presence of a tower gives rise to increment of lightning occurrence density or direct strikes to the neighbourhood due to the presence of medium height communication towers. However, there is a realistic risk of step potential hazards and equipment damage in the neighbourhood of the towers due to GPR, transfer of transient through power system and induced effects. It is recommended improving the earthing systems at tower site, transformer and power system of the buildings in the neighbourhood and installing of coordinated system of SPDs at all buildings fed by the transformer. We also emphasize that physical distance to the tower should not be the sole criteria to determine the lightning threats to a building close to a tower. Furthermore, there are many misconceptions among the public on lightning and towers. As these misconceptions may dilute the real issues, the public should be made aware of the scientific background of this scenario.
{"title":"Lightning related effects on the neighborhood of telecommunication tower sites","authors":"A. Chandimal, C. Gomes","doi":"10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICLP.2012.6344410","url":null,"abstract":"Seventeen communication towers and their neighbourhood have been investigated for lightning threats. There is no credible evidence to conclude that the presence of a tower gives rise to increment of lightning occurrence density or direct strikes to the neighbourhood due to the presence of medium height communication towers. However, there is a realistic risk of step potential hazards and equipment damage in the neighbourhood of the towers due to GPR, transfer of transient through power system and induced effects. It is recommended improving the earthing systems at tower site, transformer and power system of the buildings in the neighbourhood and installing of coordinated system of SPDs at all buildings fed by the transformer. We also emphasize that physical distance to the tower should not be the sole criteria to determine the lightning threats to a building close to a tower. Furthermore, there are many misconceptions among the public on lightning and towers. As these misconceptions may dilute the real issues, the public should be made aware of the scientific background of this scenario.","PeriodicalId":400743,"journal":{"name":"2012 International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114440706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：