Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.109-125
Samuel Žilinčík, Ivo Pikner, Jaroslav Staněk
Strategic theory dictates that an understanding of a war’s character is imperative for the achievement of victory in strategic practice. This article identifies and analyses extant approaches to the understanding of war. These approaches include categorization, strategic analysis and historical comparison. A theoretical analysis accompanied by illustrative cases indicates that one can achieve the most in-depth understanding of a war’s character by combining strategic analysis and historical comparison, though the process of achieving such understanding is difficult and time-consuming.
{"title":"CHARACTER OF WAR: HOW TO UNDERSTAND IT?","authors":"Samuel Žilinčík, Ivo Pikner, Jaroslav Staněk","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.109-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.109-125","url":null,"abstract":"Strategic theory dictates that an understanding of a war’s character is imperative for the achievement of victory in strategic practice. This article identifies and analyses extant approaches to the understanding of war. These approaches include categorization, strategic analysis and historical comparison. A theoretical analysis accompanied by illustrative cases indicates that one can achieve the most in-depth understanding of a war’s character by combining strategic analysis and historical comparison, though the process of achieving such understanding is difficult and time-consuming.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73960896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.126-148
S. Maksymenko, Lidiya Derkach
The aim of the article is to examine an overview of historical western military thought on Theory of War and its relationship to Cognitive Warfare nowadays, as well as Ukrainian evidence for the efficacy of global resistance to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The study results showed that understanding the genesis of Cognitive Warfare in the Ukrainian context over 2014-2023 focused on brain, as the battlefield, and using social impact and psychological operations, neurosciences, social engineering had the goal to destroy human thinking, behaviour, social and military identity not only of Ukrainians, but globally.
{"title":"UNDERSTANDING MODERN COGNITIVE WAR IN THE GLOBAL DIMENSION, ITS GENESIS IN THE UKRAINIAN CONTEXT","authors":"S. Maksymenko, Lidiya Derkach","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.126-148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.126-148","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to examine an overview of historical western military thought on Theory of War and its relationship to Cognitive Warfare nowadays, as well as Ukrainian evidence for the efficacy of global resistance to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. The study results showed that understanding the genesis of Cognitive Warfare in the Ukrainian context over 2014-2023 focused on brain, as the battlefield, and using social impact and psychological operations, neurosciences, social engineering had the goal to destroy human thinking, behaviour, social and military identity not only of Ukrainians, but globally.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73454773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.074-091
Jana Urbanovská, Antoni n Novotny
The article explores the driving forces behind the increase in Czech-German defence cooperation since the mid-2010s. We argue that the growth is due to several factors: Germany’s more active role in European security, an upgrade of the political framework of Czech-German relations and the Czech Republic’s need to modernise its armed forces. Further enhancement of relations was hindered by underdeveloped cooperation within the defence industry. The war in Ukraine has broken through this ‘glass ceiling’, and the quality of Czech-German defence cooperation is increasing.
{"title":"NO LONGER IN THE SHADOW","authors":"Jana Urbanovská, Antoni n Novotny","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.074-091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.074-091","url":null,"abstract":"The article explores the driving forces behind the increase in Czech-German defence cooperation since the mid-2010s. We argue that the growth is due to several factors: Germany’s more active role in European security, an upgrade of the political framework of Czech-German relations and the Czech Republic’s need to modernise its armed forces. Further enhancement of relations was hindered by underdeveloped cooperation within the defence industry. The war in Ukraine has broken through this ‘glass ceiling’, and the quality of Czech-German defence cooperation is increasing.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81579456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.049-073
Josef Procházka, P. Vinkler, Krisztián Jójárt, Zoltán Szenes, Artur Gruszczak, Matej Kandrík
The new dynamics in the global security environment accompanied by the renewal of great power competition and its impact on security provision of Central European countries brought new challenges, especially in countering hybrid threats. The article embraces the outcome of a multilateral research analysing countering hybrid threat policies in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. The goal of the article is to discuss and explain the four nations’ policies towards the mitigation of the hybrid challenges and their complexity. Those national approaches are comprehensively assessed in four case studies and their main commonalities and key differences are discussed. The conclusion is that although the V4 countries have the same conceptual theoretical basis, the policies against the hybrid threat differ. The authors propose more efficient way ahead at the national level and the improvement of coordination between the V4 countries.
{"title":"ONE THREAT – MULTIPLE RESPONSES","authors":"Josef Procházka, P. Vinkler, Krisztián Jójárt, Zoltán Szenes, Artur Gruszczak, Matej Kandrík","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.049-073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.049-073","url":null,"abstract":"The new dynamics in the global security environment accompanied by the renewal of great power competition and its impact on security provision of Central European countries brought new challenges, especially in countering hybrid threats. The article embraces the outcome of a multilateral research analysing countering hybrid threat policies in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia. The goal of the article is to discuss and explain the four nations’ policies towards the mitigation of the hybrid challenges and their complexity. Those national approaches are comprehensively assessed in four case studies and their main commonalities and key differences are discussed. The conclusion is that although the V4 countries have the same conceptual theoretical basis, the policies against the hybrid threat differ. The authors propose more efficient way ahead at the national level and the improvement of coordination between the V4 countries.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90651967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.092-108
M. Yanovskiy, Y. Socol
The threat of the use of nuclear weapons by the aggressor is a significant factor in the ongoing war. Also in future, the Ukrainian government (any leadership) will be interested in its own nuclear weapons at least as long as Russia is ruled by an ill-predictable authoritarian regime. Nuclear arms could be helpful for Ukraine both for deterrence and to increase the attractiveness of the country as a military ally. However, due to many economic, political, and legal factors discussed in the paper, the likelihood of development of Ukraine’s own nuclear arsenal should be considered as extremely low. The unlikely scenario, in which Ukraine could nevertheless develop such weapons, would require such a significant improvement of political and economic institutions, that the risk for third countries from the new nuclear actor will remain minimal.
{"title":"PROBABILITY OF DEVELOPMENT OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS BY UKRAINE","authors":"M. Yanovskiy, Y. Socol","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.092-108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.092-108","url":null,"abstract":"The threat of the use of nuclear weapons by the aggressor is a significant factor in the ongoing war. Also in future, the Ukrainian government (any leadership) will be interested in its own nuclear weapons at least as long as Russia is ruled by an ill-predictable authoritarian regime. Nuclear arms could be helpful for Ukraine both for deterrence and to increase the attractiveness of the country as a military ally. However, due to many economic, political, and legal factors discussed in the paper, the likelihood of development of Ukraine’s own nuclear arsenal should be considered as extremely low. The unlikely scenario, in which Ukraine could nevertheless develop such weapons, would require such a significant improvement of political and economic institutions, that the risk for third countries from the new nuclear actor will remain minimal.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85423393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.173-191
V. Divišová, Libor Frank, Vladimír Bízik, K. Novotný
This paper introduces a questionnaire as a measurement tool that will help evaluate the armed forces’ resilience to hybrid interference. It is based on the previously developed conceptualisation of resilience as consisting of the national, social, institutional, and psychological dimensions and guides the reader through the operationalisation of the corresponding variables in the form of a questionnaire to be distributed within different groups of the Czech Armed Forces.
{"title":"A RESILIENT SOLDIER, A RESILIENT STATE","authors":"V. Divišová, Libor Frank, Vladimír Bízik, K. Novotný","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.173-191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.173-191","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a questionnaire as a measurement tool that will help evaluate the armed forces’ resilience to hybrid interference. It is based on the previously developed conceptualisation of resilience as consisting of the national, social, institutional, and psychological dimensions and guides the reader through the operationalisation of the corresponding variables in the form of a questionnaire to be distributed within different groups of the Czech Armed Forces.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78702834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.149-172
Vlastimil Slouf, M. Blaha, Ondrej Pekar, Lenka Brizgalová, Vojtěch Müllner
The present paper presents an alternative approach to determining rational defence spending of the Czech Republic concerning the evolution of a society’s wealth, expressed in terms of the financial valuation of tangible fixed assets. The authors describe the view that the government’s stated commitment to defence spending of 2% is a political decision that does not reflect the impact of the wealth achieved by society, the likelihood of an attack by a foreign power, and the expected level of damage caused by an attack. The authors present a model for determining rational defence spending based on the fair insurance model. The authors conclude that the rational expenditure on the defence of the Czech Republic’s wealth should be between 3.5% and 4.2% of GDP.
{"title":"AN ALTERNATIVE MODEL FOR DETERMINING THE RATIONAL AMOUNT OF FUNDS ALLOCATED TO DEFENCE OF THE CR.","authors":"Vlastimil Slouf, M. Blaha, Ondrej Pekar, Lenka Brizgalová, Vojtěch Müllner","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.149-172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.149-172","url":null,"abstract":"The present paper presents an alternative approach to determining rational defence spending of the Czech Republic concerning the evolution of a society’s wealth, expressed in terms of the financial valuation of tangible fixed assets. The authors describe the view that the government’s stated commitment to defence spending of 2% is a political decision that does not reflect the impact of the wealth achieved by society, the likelihood of an attack by a foreign power, and the expected level of damage caused by an attack. The authors present a model for determining rational defence spending based on the fair insurance model. The authors conclude that the rational expenditure on the defence of the Czech Republic’s wealth should be between 3.5% and 4.2% of GDP.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78244150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.003-023
Kuang-Ho Yeh
Space military power refers to a state actor entering space freely, seeking the goals of benefiting national space interests, maintaining space security and the capabilities of fulfilling space infrastructure, and implementing space military policies. As the earliest “space power” in the world, Germany has been committed to continuous capacity building and policy planning in the space military field. This article seeks to provide a detailed overview of Germany’s unique historical background and evolutionary logic on space military power and strategic origin. Based on literature review and studies pertaining to space military strategy theories, this article reveals basic facts of Germany’s space military development under the “ideality - materialization” mutual constructed context, and illuminates the implications of theoretical changes in Germany’s space military strategy guidance from peaceful utilization and passive defense to effective control.
{"title":"GERMAN SPACE MILITARY POWER AND STRATEGY DEVELOPMENT","authors":"Kuang-Ho Yeh","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.003-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.003-023","url":null,"abstract":"Space military power refers to a state actor entering space freely, seeking the goals of benefiting national space interests, maintaining space security and the capabilities of fulfilling space infrastructure, and implementing space military policies. As the earliest “space power” in the world, Germany has been committed to continuous capacity building and policy planning in the space military field. This article seeks to provide a detailed overview of Germany’s unique historical background and evolutionary logic on space military power and strategic origin. Based on literature review and studies pertaining to space military strategy theories, this article reveals basic facts of Germany’s space military development under the “ideality - materialization” mutual constructed context, and illuminates the implications of theoretical changes in Germany’s space military strategy guidance from peaceful utilization and passive defense to effective control.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89826725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-25DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.024-048
Amar Khairi, Martin Petlach
This pioneering study endeavours to ascertain how the Covid-19 pandemic impacted on digitalisation in the European Union member states. The second objective is to elucidate the ties between digitalisation and security in terms of military spending, security threats, and the government effectiveness. Whilst using hierarchical clustering, it was detected that the era of pandemic had diversified the EU member states even more. The fixed-effect model confirmed that changes in digitalisation had been associated solely with government effectiveness.
{"title":"NEED FOR DIGITALISATION TO PROVIDE SECURITY?","authors":"Amar Khairi, Martin Petlach","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.024-048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.23.2023.01.024-048","url":null,"abstract":"This pioneering study endeavours to ascertain how the Covid-19 pandemic impacted on digitalisation in the European Union member states. The second objective is to elucidate the ties between digitalisation and security in terms of military spending, security threats, and the government effectiveness. Whilst using hierarchical clustering, it was detected that the era of pandemic had diversified the EU member states even more. The fixed-effect model confirmed that changes in digitalisation had been associated solely with government effectiveness.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87042256","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.02.003-018
Lucie Konečná
After the fall of the bipolar division of power, there was a rapid change in the conflict environment. One of the new terms that took hold in conflict studies is the so-called frozen conflict. The main objective of the research is to reveal what the necessary and sufficient conditions for freezing the conflict are. The research focuses on conflicts that occurred in the period 1991-2022. For this purpose, Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is used. The research has revealed that the separatist tendencies of one of the conflict actors appear to be the most important, as this condition was present in 85% of all frozen conflicts and, based on the analysis of necessary and sufficient conditions, it should be considered very important.
{"title":"Conditions for the Occurrence of the Phenomenon","authors":"Lucie Konečná","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.02.003-018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.02.003-018","url":null,"abstract":"After the fall of the bipolar division of power, there was a rapid change in the conflict environment. One of the new terms that took hold in conflict studies is the so-called frozen conflict. The main objective of the research is to reveal what the necessary and sufficient conditions for freezing the conflict are. The research focuses on conflicts that occurred in the period 1991-2022. For this purpose, Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) is used. The research has revealed that the separatist tendencies of one of the conflict actors appear to be the most important, as this condition was present in 85% of all frozen conflicts and, based on the analysis of necessary and sufficient conditions, it should be considered very important.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74554616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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