Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.02.036-050
Aleš Tesař, F. Baxa, Dalibor Procházka
The article introduces a new meaning of the acronym M.A.D. (Mutually Assured Destruction) in the field of security. From the original connection with nuclear issues, its use is moving to the area of cyberspace. The text introduces the basic division of domains important for human activities. It explains their importance in terms of undeniable usability and availability for mankind, at the same time, it draws attention to their vulnerability and the need to ensure their protection. It deals in more details with the new fifth domain – cyberspace. In this context, security threats are mentioned and some legal aspects are indicated.
{"title":"M.A.D. AGAIN? Shift of the Term M.A.D. to the Cyber Domain","authors":"Aleš Tesař, F. Baxa, Dalibor Procházka","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.02.036-050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.02.036-050","url":null,"abstract":"The article introduces a new meaning of the acronym M.A.D. (Mutually Assured Destruction) in the field of security. From the original connection with nuclear issues, its use is moving to the area of cyberspace. The text introduces the basic division of domains important for human activities. It explains their importance in terms of undeniable usability and availability for mankind, at the same time, it draws attention to their vulnerability and the need to ensure their protection. It deals in more details with the new fifth domain – cyberspace. In this context, security threats are mentioned and some legal aspects are indicated.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89320544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.3849/10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.02.019-035
Jugoslav Jozić, R. Barić
This article analyses to what extent the Republic of Croatia has so far been able to use its favourable geographical position and other geographical features of its territory to improve its own geopolitical position. The article uses the method of neoclassical geopolitics. The conducted analysis shows that the geopolitical agents are aware of the potential of the Croatian territory and that some geopolitical goals are defined in the National Security Strategy. Consequently, Croatian transport infrastructure is constantly being built, modernized, and partly connects to the network of pan-European corridors. Croatia has been able to use its favourable geographical position in defining and implementing its foreign policy goals.
{"title":"PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE GEOPOLITICAL POSITION OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA","authors":"Jugoslav Jozić, R. Barić","doi":"10.3849/10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.02.019-035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.02.019-035","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses to what extent the Republic of Croatia has so far been able to use its favourable geographical position and other geographical features of its territory to improve its own geopolitical position. The article uses the method of neoclassical geopolitics. The conducted analysis shows that the geopolitical agents are aware of the potential of the Croatian territory and that some geopolitical goals are defined in the National Security Strategy. Consequently, Croatian transport infrastructure is constantly being built, modernized, and partly connects to the network of pan-European corridors. Croatia has been able to use its favourable geographical position in defining and implementing its foreign policy goals.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"2008 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86223498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-16DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.02.051-062
Samuel Žilinčík, Ivo Pikner, Jaroslav Staněk
Classical strategic theorists constitute an important pillar of military strategy education, but their texts are often interpreted in contradictory ways. This article aims to draw attention to the problem of contrasting interpretations, focusing on the interpretations of Thucydides, Sun-Tzu and Clausewitz. The article surveys popular interpretations of these classics, identifies the main differences between them, and uses deductive logic to draw out the implications of this state of affairs for the study of military strategy.
{"title":"WHAT DID THUCYDIDES, SUN-TZU AND CLAUSEWITZ REALLY SAY?\u0000The issue of contradictory interpretations in the context of military strategy","authors":"Samuel Žilinčík, Ivo Pikner, Jaroslav Staněk","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.02.051-062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.02.051-062","url":null,"abstract":"Classical strategic theorists constitute an important pillar of military strategy education, but their texts are often interpreted in contradictory ways. This article aims to draw attention to the problem of contrasting interpretations, focusing on the interpretations of Thucydides, Sun-Tzu and Clausewitz. The article surveys popular interpretations of these classics, identifies the main differences between them, and uses deductive logic to draw out the implications of this state of affairs for the study of military strategy.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73574993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.089-112
E. Štěpánková, J. Richter
The main focus of this paper consists in the methods applicable to the implementation of strategic analysis with processing strategic documents of the Czech Defence Department. The article covers the interviews with processors of those documents. Based on the interviews, an original theory of strategic and conceptual documents creation was elaborated using the methodology of grounded theory. This new theory contains all the identified problems and shortcomings, their possible causes and possible solutions or improvements. The theory can serve as a starting point for the analysis of strategic planning in other organizations.
{"title":"CREATION OF STRATEGIC AND CONCEPTUAL DOCUMENTS IN THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE OF THE CZECH REPUBLIC","authors":"E. Štěpánková, J. Richter","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.089-112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.089-112","url":null,"abstract":"The main focus of this paper consists in the methods applicable to the implementation of strategic analysis with processing strategic documents of the Czech Defence Department. The article covers the interviews with processors of those documents. Based on the interviews, an original theory of strategic and conceptual documents creation was elaborated using the methodology of grounded theory. This new theory contains all the identified problems and shortcomings, their possible causes and possible solutions or improvements. The theory can serve as a starting point for the analysis of strategic planning in other organizations.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79019723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.021-034
Tomáš Zwiefelhofer
The case study is focused on the last ten years of Kenyan military involvement in Somalia. It is based on literature review and expert interviews with field researchers and military members, which were conducted by the author. Through the analysis of motives for intervention, achievements, and mishaps, it examines lessons learned from the intervention. The decade long Kenya’s intervention has evolved into one of the pillars of fostering the stability in the Horn of Africa. Located in this region, which is unstable, Kenya finds itself being responsible for future stabilizing efforts, as it is the only stable state left in the Horn of Africa at present days.
{"title":"KENYA’S MILITARY INTERVENTION IN SOMALIA","authors":"Tomáš Zwiefelhofer","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.021-034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.021-034","url":null,"abstract":"The case study is focused on the last ten years of Kenyan military involvement in Somalia. It is based on literature review and expert interviews with field researchers and military members, which were conducted by the author. Through the analysis of motives for intervention, achievements, and mishaps, it examines lessons learned from the intervention. The decade long Kenya’s intervention has evolved into one of the pillars of fostering the stability in the Horn of Africa. Located in this region, which is unstable, Kenya finds itself being responsible for future stabilizing efforts, as it is the only stable state left in the Horn of Africa at present days.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85814750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.055-074
Miha Šlebir
In recent decades, the systems approach has become the dominant school of thought to the theoretical understanding of warfare. Within systems theory, the insights of complex (adaptive) systems theory have proved particularly important, enabling us to deepen our understanding of warfare by drawing on knowledge that has been applied in many other disciplines. This paper seeks to improve the understanding of warfare and upgrade it with the concepts of attractor and critical transition. The main idea is that a degradation of a crucial subsystem leads to a phase transition (a significant decrease of combat power) and thus to a shift from one to another strange attractor, i.e., to an alternative relatively stable state. The theoretical framework has been supported by a case study of the first phase of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.
{"title":"TOWARDS UNDERSTANDING CRITICAL TRANSITIONS IN WARFARE","authors":"Miha Šlebir","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.055-074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.055-074","url":null,"abstract":"In recent decades, the systems approach has become the dominant school of thought to the theoretical understanding of warfare. Within systems theory, the insights of complex (adaptive) systems theory have proved particularly important, enabling us to deepen our understanding of warfare by drawing on knowledge that has been applied in many other disciplines. This paper seeks to improve the understanding of warfare and upgrade it with the concepts of attractor and critical transition. The main idea is that a degradation of a crucial subsystem leads to a phase transition (a significant decrease of combat power) and thus to a shift from one to another strange attractor, i.e., to an alternative relatively stable state. The theoretical framework has been supported by a case study of the first phase of the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81312321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.075-088
Vladimír Bízik, Dominika Kosárová, Adam Potočňák, Richard Stojar
The aim of this article is to empirically test the applicability of the four dimensions of resilience against hybrid threats on the concept of hybrid interference. The article shall present case studies of hybrid operations from Israel, USA, France, Taiwan, Ukraine, and Iraq/Syria that have exploited one or more of these dimensions with a principal goal of demonstrating the general utility but also empirical shortcomings of using the four-dimensional understanding of hybrid interference. The article shall finally present the main characteristics of the hybrid interference concept, based on theoretically and empirically salient criteria.
{"title":"HYBRID INTERFERENCE: FROM THE PARTICULAR TO A CONTINUUM","authors":"Vladimír Bízik, Dominika Kosárová, Adam Potočňák, Richard Stojar","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.075-088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.075-088","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to empirically test the applicability of the four dimensions of resilience against hybrid threats on the concept of hybrid interference. The article shall present case studies of hybrid operations from Israel, USA, France, Taiwan, Ukraine, and Iraq/Syria that have exploited one or more of these dimensions with a principal goal of demonstrating the general utility but also empirical shortcomings of using the four-dimensional understanding of hybrid interference. The article shall finally present the main characteristics of the hybrid interference concept, based on theoretically and empirically salient criteria.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"238 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82127323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.131-146
Matej Kandrík, Josef Procházka, Alexandra Paprčková
The article deals with the issue of civil preparedness for the state defence. Authors consider the civil preparedness as an integral part of the comprehensive approach to ensuring the defence of the state and the formulation of a defence strategy. The current dynamics and predictions of the development of the security environment in recent years require an approach change. The article has the ambition to contribute to the professional discussion to strengthen preparedness and increase readiness of citizens to take over their legally defined role in ensuring the defence of the state in a case of need.
{"title":"CITIZEN PREPAREDNESS TO DEFEND THE STATE AS AN ELEMENT OF THE DEFENSE STRATEGY","authors":"Matej Kandrík, Josef Procházka, Alexandra Paprčková","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.131-146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.131-146","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the issue of civil preparedness for the state defence. Authors consider the civil preparedness as an integral part of the comprehensive approach to ensuring the defence of the state and the formulation of a defence strategy. The current dynamics and predictions of the development of the security environment in recent years require an approach change. The article has the ambition to contribute to the professional discussion to strengthen preparedness and increase readiness of citizens to take over their legally defined role in ensuring the defence of the state in a case of need.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73349546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.003-020
Tomáš Lalkovič
The article analyses the influence of geography on the strategy of insurgent groups in Sri Lanka and the Philippines. It uses the conceptualization of geography created by David Galula to examine the influence of 8 distinct categories of geography on the strategy of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. The analysis shows that while the geography of Sri Lanka was a driving force that enabled many of the LTTE successes, it had a divisive effect in the Philippines and heavily contributed to the military failures of the Moro independence movement.
{"title":"GEOGRAPHY AND INSURGENT STRATEGY IN SRI LANKA AND THE PHILIPPINES","authors":"Tomáš Lalkovič","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.003-020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.003-020","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses the influence of geography on the strategy of insurgent groups in Sri Lanka and the Philippines. It uses the conceptualization of geography created by David Galula to examine the influence of 8 distinct categories of geography on the strategy of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam and the Moro Islamic Liberation Front. The analysis shows that while the geography of Sri Lanka was a driving force that enabled many of the LTTE successes, it had a divisive effect in the Philippines and heavily contributed to the military failures of the Moro independence movement.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"45 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72453795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-15DOI: 10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.113-130
Veronika D’EVEREUX
The paper deals with some issues of the law of armed conflict in relation to the armed invasion of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part of this paper deals with the issues of illegal use of force by the Russian Federation, the role of the Security Council and the Ukrainian exercise of the right to self-defense. The second part deals with the use of prohibited means and methods of fighting in relation to attacks on the civilian population. The paper seeks to determine what specific (customary or contractual) rules of international law have been violated by the Russian Federation.
{"title":"ON CERTAIN INTERNATIONAL LAW ISSUES RELATED TO THE AGGRESSION OF RUSSIA AGAINST UKRAINE","authors":"Veronika D’EVEREUX","doi":"10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.113-130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3849/1802-7199.22.2022.01.113-130","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with some issues of the law of armed conflict in relation to the armed invasion of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part of this paper deals with the issues of illegal use of force by the Russian Federation, the role of the Security Council and the Ukrainian exercise of the right to self-defense. The second part deals with the use of prohibited means and methods of fighting in relation to attacks on the civilian population. The paper seeks to determine what specific (customary or contractual) rules of international law have been violated by the Russian Federation.","PeriodicalId":40204,"journal":{"name":"Obrana a Strategie-Defence & Strategy","volume":"29 2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78797992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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