Pub Date : 2022-01-31DOI: 10.22320/07196466.2022.40.061.02
Celia Castro-Gonsales, Gabriel Alvariz-Lopes
O concurso para o conjunto habitacional do PREVI (Proyecto Experimental de Vivienda), realizado em 1969, em Lima, se deu em um momento especialmente fértil de reflexões sobre as transformações da arquitetura e, principalmente, das cidades. Nesse contexto de crítica, temas como a participação cidadã e a transformação da arquitetura no tempo tornaram-se centrais e influíram decisivamente nas propostas das 13 equipes internacionais que participaram do concurso no Peru. Esse laboratório projetual, promovido pelo governo peruano com financiamento da ONU, tornou-se, na visão dos autores deste artigo, uma experiência fundamental em habitação social na América Latina no século XX, concentrando projetos seminais cujas ideias reverberam ainda hoje. Se todas as equipes internacionais convidadas a participar do concurso já tinham, naquele momento, um significativo repertório no tema da habitação e estavam em grande sintonia com a produção crítica de seus contemporâneos, a equipe polonesa, composta por Oskar Hansen e Svein Hatloy, trazia para o Peru uma bagagem de trabalho muito particular que vinha desenvolvendo no leste europeu. Dois conceitos estruturantes da produção prática e teórica de Oskar Hansen e de sua esposa, Zofia Hansen — a “Forma Aberta” e o seu desdobramento em escala urbana, o “Sistema Linear Contínuo” (SLC) — aparecem na proposta para o PREVI como instrumentos na busca por uma arquitetura flexível no espaço e no tempo, aberta à participação e intervenção do morador e adequada às suas particularidades socioculturais. Desse modo, o presente artigo tem por objetivo resgatar, em um recorte mais específico, as ideias norteadoras da proposta polonesa para o concurso e, em sentido mais amplo, trazer à tona a importância do PREVI enquanto referência fundamental para projetos de habitação social na contemporaneidade.
prei住宅综合体(Proyecto Experimental de Vivienda)的竞赛于1969年在利马举行，当时人们对建筑，尤其是城市的转变进行了特别丰富的反思。在这种批评的背景下，随着时间的推移，公民参与和建筑转型等主题成为中心主题，并对参加秘鲁竞赛的13个国际团队的提案产生了决定性的影响。在本文作者看来，这个由秘鲁政府在联合国资助下推动的项目实验室已经成为20世纪拉丁美洲社会住房的一个基本实验，集中了一些开创性的项目，这些项目的想法至今仍在回响。如果所有的国际团队邀请参加比赛了,在那一刻,一个重要目录住房和主题在规模与生产评论他同时代的波兰登山队,由奥斯卡·汉森和秘鲁事Hatloy,带一个行李很特殊的工作来为欧洲东部。两个概念结构的生产实践和理论的奥斯卡·汉森和他的妻子索菲亚·汉森—“开放的”,他的城市规模,短“连续线性系统”(SLC)—以提出的预测就会出现在搜索一个灵活的体系结构在空间和时间上,打开参与和干预的居民和适当的社会文化特征。因此，本文旨在以更具体的方式，恢复波兰投标的指导思想，并在更广泛的意义上，提出PREVI作为当代社会住房项目的基本参考的重要性。
{"title":"Forma Aberta: a proposta de Oskar Hansen e Svein Hatloy para o PREVI — Proyecto Experimental de Vivienda — Perú","authors":"Celia Castro-Gonsales, Gabriel Alvariz-Lopes","doi":"10.22320/07196466.2022.40.061.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22320/07196466.2022.40.061.02","url":null,"abstract":"O concurso para o conjunto habitacional do PREVI (Proyecto Experimental de Vivienda), realizado em 1969, em Lima, se deu em um momento especialmente fértil de reflexões sobre as transformações da arquitetura e, principalmente, das cidades. Nesse contexto de crítica, temas como a participação cidadã e a transformação da arquitetura no tempo tornaram-se centrais e influíram decisivamente nas propostas das 13 equipes internacionais que participaram do concurso no Peru. Esse laboratório projetual, promovido pelo governo peruano com financiamento da ONU, tornou-se, na visão dos autores deste artigo, uma experiência fundamental em habitação social na América Latina no século XX, concentrando projetos seminais cujas ideias reverberam ainda hoje. Se todas as equipes internacionais convidadas a participar do concurso já tinham, naquele momento, um significativo repertório no tema da habitação e estavam em grande sintonia com a produção crítica de seus contemporâneos, a equipe polonesa, composta por Oskar Hansen e Svein Hatloy, trazia para o Peru uma bagagem de trabalho muito particular que vinha desenvolvendo no leste europeu. Dois conceitos estruturantes da produção prática e teórica de Oskar Hansen e de sua esposa, Zofia Hansen — a “Forma Aberta” e o seu desdobramento em escala urbana, o “Sistema Linear Contínuo” (SLC) — aparecem na proposta para o PREVI como instrumentos na busca por uma arquitetura flexível no espaço e no tempo, aberta à participação e intervenção do morador e adequada às suas particularidades socioculturais. Desse modo, o presente artigo tem por objetivo resgatar, em um recorte mais específico, as ideias norteadoras da proposta polonesa para o concurso e, em sentido mais amplo, trazer à tona a importância do PREVI enquanto referência fundamental para projetos de habitação social na contemporaneidade.","PeriodicalId":40227,"journal":{"name":"Arquitecturas del Sur","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42106542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.22320/07196466.2021.39.059.01
Wiliam García-Ramirez
Historical revisionism, a phenomenon typical of social and political sciences, has been consolidated at the start of the 21st century as one of the paradigmatic strategies in architecture, with the purpose of rewriting -or erasing- historical memories of the city. In this context, the objective of the research presented here was to investigate the relationship between different convergent social and political situations on the issue of memory and the demolition/construction of architectures, as a strategy to question events from the past and the official narratives. As this is a historiographic research, the methodology used a cross analysis between the discourses on which several socio-political issues around memory, that occurred in different countries, have been based, and the architectural projects built or demolished because of these issues. The conclusions, insofar as a research contribution, allowed detecting three lines of historical revisionism in architecture, starting from its use -and abuse- regarding the historiography of the facts: vindication, rescue, and denial of memory.
{"title":"Revisionismo histórico en arquitectura, en el intersticio de los siglos XX y XXI: reivindicar, rescatar o negar una memoria","authors":"Wiliam García-Ramirez","doi":"10.22320/07196466.2021.39.059.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22320/07196466.2021.39.059.01","url":null,"abstract":"Historical revisionism, a phenomenon typical of social and political sciences, has been consolidated at the start of the 21st century as one of the paradigmatic strategies in architecture, with the purpose of rewriting -or erasing- historical memories of the city. In this context, the objective of the research presented here was to investigate the relationship between different convergent social and political situations on the issue of memory and the demolition/construction of architectures, as a strategy to question events from the past and the official narratives. As this is a historiographic research, the methodology used a cross analysis between the discourses on which several socio-political issues around memory, that occurred in different countries, have been based, and the architectural projects built or demolished because of these issues. The conclusions, insofar as a research contribution, allowed detecting three lines of historical revisionism in architecture, starting from its use -and abuse- regarding the historiography of the facts: vindication, rescue, and denial of memory.","PeriodicalId":40227,"journal":{"name":"Arquitecturas del Sur","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42172555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.22320/07196466.2021.39.059.07
J. Vergara-Vidal, Daniela Álvarez-Campos, Denisse Dintrans-Bauer, Diego Asenjo-Muñoz
The social housing designed by the teams of the Corporación de la Vivienda (CORVI) constitutes a material presence of enormous influence within Chilean society and within the community of architectural practices. This paper observes the work of these teams, by analyzing the information contained in the CORVI document called "Tipologías de viviendas racionalizadas 1966-1972 (Rationalized Housing Typologies 1966-1972)", which provides data on the shapes, dimensions, materials, and programs of eighteen housing typologies developed by the design teams between 1966 and 1971. Not all of these prototypes were built, but as a whole, it shows how the idea of social housing rationalization was conceived, and how it became an exercise in standardization, based on typologies, from which it is possible to learn both the forms of order and layout of everyday life that they propose, along with the interpretative flexibility used in their communication.
由Corporación de la Vivienda (CORVI)团队设计的社会住宅在智利社会和建筑实践社区中具有巨大的影响力。本文通过分析CORVI文件“Tipologías de viviendas racionalizadas 1966-1972 (Rationalized Housing类型学，1966-1972)”中包含的信息，观察了这些团队的工作，该文件提供了由设计团队在1966年至1971年间开发的18种住房类型学的形状、尺寸、材料和方案的数据。并非所有这些原型都建成了，但作为一个整体，它展示了社会住房合理化的想法是如何构思的，以及它是如何成为标准化的实践的，基于类型学，从中可以了解他们提出的日常生活的秩序和布局形式，以及他们在沟通中使用的解释灵活性。
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Pub Date : 2021-07-31DOI: 10.22320/07196466.2021.39.060.05
Edwin Alexander Romero-Torres, J. Ovalle-Garay
The urban fringes of Latin American cities are the result of the accelerated growth that entails the formation of new settlements, that do not meet the basic needs of their inhabitants, and where the facilities have lost their meaning as a space to build the social and urban fabric. Starting from this problem, this text addresses the development of a place of worship that incorporates the concept of device as a piece of social articulation. The proposal starts from the analysis and diagnosis of the area and proposes two intervention scales under the “option generator model” (Carvajalino-Bayona, 1985) framework. The first consists of the improvement of the neighborhood in its main urban structures, while the second consists of the development of the architectural project that integrates worship activities with the dynamics of the neighborhood, from a multifunctional perspective. In this sense, urban relationships are strengthened, but at the same time, give continuity to the reflection raised from the design, where the participatory process is an opportunity to build dialogue and social fabric between the players involved, which in this case are part of communities in conditions of vulnerability.
{"title":"Construcción comunitaria a partir de la resignificación de lugares de culto. Una propuesta para las franjas urbanas de América Latina","authors":"Edwin Alexander Romero-Torres, J. Ovalle-Garay","doi":"10.22320/07196466.2021.39.060.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22320/07196466.2021.39.060.05","url":null,"abstract":"The urban fringes of Latin American cities are the result of the accelerated growth that entails the formation of new settlements, that do not meet the basic needs of their inhabitants, and where the facilities have lost their meaning as a space to build the social and urban fabric. Starting from this problem, this text addresses the development of a place of worship that incorporates the concept of device as a piece of social articulation. The proposal starts from the analysis and diagnosis of the area and proposes two intervention scales under the “option generator model” (Carvajalino-Bayona, 1985) framework. The first consists of the improvement of the neighborhood in its main urban structures, while the second consists of the development of the architectural project that integrates worship activities with the dynamics of the neighborhood, from a multifunctional perspective. In this sense, urban relationships are strengthened, but at the same time, give continuity to the reflection raised from the design, where the participatory process is an opportunity to build dialogue and social fabric between the players involved, which in this case are part of communities in conditions of vulnerability.","PeriodicalId":40227,"journal":{"name":"Arquitecturas del Sur","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47227545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-31DOI: 10.22320/07196466.2021.39.060.02
Ricardo Socas-Wiese, Eneldo Fernanda Machado, Alice Hammerschmitt da Veiga
This article presents the project process adopted for the design of indigenous student housing at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and discusses its impact both on the formative process of architecture and urbanism students, regarding the experiences of indigenous students at the University. Aside from the relevance of that architecture as support for the permanence of students in public higher education, its importance as a symbol of shelter and respect for indigenous peoples at the university stands out. For this purpose, a participatory project was built that began with dialogues stages with indigenous students at the university and interactions with one of the ethnicities involved in its traditional territory (its village), for the definition of project guidelines and the needs’ program. Subsequently, for the proposal’s presentation and discussion, experiences were gathered in the proposed area for the project’s implementation and the physical models and drawings were presented, which were used to facilitate dialogue and participation of Indigenous students in the project process. The article presents the path followed, the spatial results of this process, the perceptions of the future users of the space, and reflections on the importance of outreach actions in the training of professionals in the area of architecture and urbanism, valuing the social role of the profession, and building a more sensitive projective repertoire, prepared to consider the human diversity that contemporaneity constitutes.
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Pub Date : 2021-07-31DOI: 10.22320/07196466.2021.39.060.06
Ronald Harris-Diez
Luciano Kulczewski was a professional who played a key and distinctive role in the first half of the 20th century, a period considered as crucial for the development of Chilean architecture, since it is the moment that brought the advent of modernity to the country. One of the most eloquent illustrations in this regard is the corpus, that collects more than a dozen housing complexes aimed for the middle and the working classes. Today, we recognize in these solutions not just the fact that they are in sync with the web of social, political, cultural, and economic processes that characterized the beginnings of the past century in Chile, but that they also have, among their most notable merits, having been conceived in terms of what we would understand today by “inclusion”. This article seeks to investigate these parameters, which range from urban proposals - that approached the city in "inclusive" terms - inasmuch as they did not push for these housing proposals to be in the metropolitan peripheries - to more particular issues, such as the stylistic management of homes as a tool to serve identity causes, in order to achieve the integration of the user with their environment.
{"title":"Identidad e inclusión. Los conjuntos habitacionales realizados por el arquitecto chileno Luciano Kulczewski (1922-1956)","authors":"Ronald Harris-Diez","doi":"10.22320/07196466.2021.39.060.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22320/07196466.2021.39.060.06","url":null,"abstract":"Luciano Kulczewski was a professional who played a key and distinctive role in the first half of the 20th century, a period considered as crucial for the development of Chilean architecture, since it is the moment that brought the advent of modernity to the country. One of the most eloquent illustrations in this regard is the corpus, that collects more than a dozen housing complexes aimed for the middle and the working classes. Today, we recognize in these solutions not just the fact that they are in sync with the web of social, political, cultural, and economic processes that characterized the beginnings of the past century in Chile, but that they also have, among their most notable merits, having been conceived in terms of what we would understand today by “inclusion”. This article seeks to investigate these parameters, which range from urban proposals - that approached the city in \"inclusive\" terms - inasmuch as they did not push for these housing proposals to be in the metropolitan peripheries - to more particular issues, such as the stylistic management of homes as a tool to serve identity causes, in order to achieve the integration of the user with their environment.","PeriodicalId":40227,"journal":{"name":"Arquitecturas del Sur","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44541192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-31DOI: 10.22320/07196466.2021.39.060.00
Pablo Fuentes-Hernández, Gonzalo Cerda-Brintrup
Arquitecturas del Sur magazine, in its 60th issue, turns its gaze to ARCHITECTURE FOR THE COMMUNITY IN LATIN AMERICA. There are currently many institutional and/or private initiatives that focus their attention on solving social problems on the basis of suitable economic, sustainable and morphological projects. These are proposals that contemporarily dissipate the needs that have arisen in basic collectivities. This issue seeks to highlight those works of a notoriously public nature that have emerged within the heart of different communities; works that sometimes use the traditional materials of the places where they are located, to deploy them in a contemporary way.
Arquitecturas del Sur杂志在其第60期将目光投向了拉丁美洲的社区建筑。目前有许多机构和/或私人倡议将注意力集中在解决社会问题上，以适当的经济、可持续和形态项目为基础。这些建议在当代消除了在基本集体中产生的需求。本刊旨在突出那些在不同社区中心出现的臭名昭着的公共性质的作品;这些作品有时会使用它们所在地方的传统材料，以一种当代的方式来部署它们。
{"title":"ARQUITECTURA PARA LA COMUNIDAD EN AMÉRICA LATINA","authors":"Pablo Fuentes-Hernández, Gonzalo Cerda-Brintrup","doi":"10.22320/07196466.2021.39.060.00","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22320/07196466.2021.39.060.00","url":null,"abstract":"Arquitecturas del Sur magazine, in its 60th issue, turns its gaze to ARCHITECTURE FOR THE COMMUNITY IN LATIN AMERICA. There are currently many institutional and/or private initiatives that focus their attention on solving social problems on the basis of suitable economic, sustainable and morphological projects. These are proposals that contemporarily dissipate the needs that have arisen in basic collectivities. This issue seeks to highlight those works of a notoriously public nature that have emerged within the heart of different communities; works that sometimes use the traditional materials of the places where they are located, to deploy them in a contemporary way.","PeriodicalId":40227,"journal":{"name":"Arquitecturas del Sur","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47773015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-31DOI: 10.22320/07196466.2021.39.060.01
Mario Guidoux-Gonzaga
During the first decade of the 21st century, São Paulo's State Government, in Brazil, promoted the construction of a series of schools designed by different local architectural firms, using a system of prefabricated pieces that allowed adapting the projects to the sites and demands of each region, keeping the budget under control. This initiative allowed building dozens of buildings, relieving the school deficit of the most impoverished regions of the state and promoting the construction of public buildings with great social impact by a whole generation of architects. This paper presents the Prefabricated Schools Program guidelines, promoted by the Foundation for the Development of Education (FDE, in Portuguese) illustrating it with seven projects that showcase the architectural richness achieved by the firms.
{"title":"Variedad controlada: el caso de las escuelas prefabricadas de FDE en el estado de São Paulo en la década de 2000","authors":"Mario Guidoux-Gonzaga","doi":"10.22320/07196466.2021.39.060.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22320/07196466.2021.39.060.01","url":null,"abstract":"During the first decade of the 21st century, São Paulo's State Government, in Brazil, promoted the construction of a series of schools designed by different local architectural firms, using a system of prefabricated pieces that allowed adapting the projects to the sites and demands of each region, keeping the budget under control. This initiative allowed building dozens of buildings, relieving the school deficit of the most impoverished regions of the state and promoting the construction of public buildings with great social impact by a whole generation of architects. This paper presents the Prefabricated Schools Program guidelines, promoted by the Foundation for the Development of Education (FDE, in Portuguese) illustrating it with seven projects that showcase the architectural richness achieved by the firms.","PeriodicalId":40227,"journal":{"name":"Arquitecturas del Sur","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42736626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-31DOI: 10.22320/07196466.2021.39.060.03
Carlos Lange-Valdés, María Jesus Amigo-Ahumada
Over the last decade it has been possible to see growing ties between several architectural groups and urban communities located mainly in territories marked by decay, informality, and inequality. This process has generated a progressive recognition of the value that the daily practices of inhabitants and their communities have in the production of new ways of living, which poses new challenges for the development of the area. Starting from a description and analysis of a neighborhood improvement experience, self-managed by the inhabitants, this article addresses this challenge by proposing the formation of a common architecture, understood as a process of production of spatiality, supported by communalization dynamics that are open to new learnings that incorporate the everyday knowledge of the inhabitants and their communities.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-30DOI: 10.22320/07196466.2021.39.059.06
J. J. Parra-Bañón
"Architectures for solitude", which are those that are small in size and were first used by a single resident to later be inhabited by a very small number of people as a place of spiritual retreat or for liturgical rites, deals with analysing the circumstances and causes of the great increase in the number of isolated chapels that have been projected and built in the first two decades of the 20th century around the world, and particularly in Europe and Latin America. The study of such a notorious proliferation focuses, by way of example and symptom, on a reduced repertoire of works designed by Chilean architects. Methodologically speaking, although the progress presented only contains some indications of the procedures used, the study will be carried out by reviewing the pages and cover pages dedicated to them by architecture publications, printed or digital, resorting to the discursive strategies of architectural types and semantics analysis, comparison and statistical calculation, the communicative potential of the photographic image, and the expressive capacity of the word. From the theses raised, it is proposed that the term “chapel” be redefined to re-signify it; of the cases presented, that the heterogeneous formal repertoire of contemporaneity starts from the vernacular to venture into experimentation devoid of prejudice. Ultimately, the data allow us to deduce that the current rise of hermitic architectures is related to the circumstances of hegemonic urban societies, as well as to predict that the process will be accelerated by upcoming pandemics.
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