Kamu diplomasisi faaliyetleri devletlerin uluslararası alandaki çıkarlarını gerçekleştirmek, küresel konulara ilişkin savlarını dile getirmek adına bir fırsat olarak görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Türkiye, Avrupa Birliği'ne üye olmasına katkı sağlayacak etkin bir kamu diplomasisi stratejisine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Çalışmada, Türkiye Avrupa Birliği arasında yaşanan sorunlar temelinde önemli bir kamu diplomasisi aracı olan TRT World’ün ürettiği haberler, çerçeveleme analizi ile incelenmektedir. Yapılan incelemede TRT World'ün Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği ile yaşadığı sorunlara ilişkin argümanlarının uluslararası kamuoyuna aktarılmasında önemli bir role sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
{"title":"TÜRKİYE'NİN AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ'NE ÜYELİK SÜRECİNDE BİR KAMU DİPLOMASİSİ ENSTRÜMANI OLARAK MEDYANIN ROLÜ: TRT WORLD ÖRNEĞİ","authors":"Onur Öksüz, Emrah Budak","doi":"10.32450/aacd.1226880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1226880","url":null,"abstract":"Kamu diplomasisi faaliyetleri devletlerin uluslararası alandaki çıkarlarını gerçekleştirmek, küresel konulara ilişkin savlarını dile getirmek adına bir fırsat olarak görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Türkiye, Avrupa Birliği'ne üye olmasına katkı sağlayacak etkin bir kamu diplomasisi stratejisine ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Çalışmada, Türkiye Avrupa Birliği arasında yaşanan sorunlar temelinde önemli bir kamu \u0000diplomasisi aracı olan TRT World’ün ürettiği haberler, çerçeveleme analizi ile incelenmektedir. Yapılan incelemede TRT World'ün Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği ile yaşadığı sorunlara ilişkin argümanlarının uluslararası kamuoyuna aktarılmasında önemli bir role sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.","PeriodicalId":40233,"journal":{"name":"Ankara Avrupa Calismalari Dergisi-Ankara Review of European Studies","volume":"113 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77358074","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since the mid-2000s, the climate-security nexus has come to the forefront of scholarly debates. For some scholars, the linkages between climate change and security should be analyzed from the national security perspective, whereas others from a human security perspective. Taking into consideration the implications of climate change on national and human security, international organizations worldwide started to develop policies in this field. The EU acknowledges climaterelated security risks and searches for new policies and tools to respond to them. Yet, the EU’s efforts remain mainly at the discursive level. On the practical level, the EU’s various policy tools have not yet incorporated climate-security nexus in their agenda. This paper aims to analyze the impact of the climate-security nexus on the EU’s CSDP missions and operations.
{"title":"THE EUROPEAN UNION (EU) AND THE CLIMATE-SECURITY NEXUS: CSDP MISSIONS AND OPERATIONS","authors":"Ayfer Genç Yılmaz","doi":"10.32450/aacd.1226833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1226833","url":null,"abstract":"Since the mid-2000s, the climate-security nexus has come to the forefront of scholarly debates. For some scholars, the linkages between climate change and security should be analyzed from the national security perspective, whereas others from a human security perspective. Taking into consideration the implications of climate change on national and human security, international organizations worldwide started to develop policies in this field. The EU acknowledges climaterelated security risks and searches for new policies and tools to respond to them. Yet, the EU’s efforts remain mainly at the discursive level. On the practical level, the EU’s various policy tools have not yet incorporated climate-security nexus in their agenda. This paper aims to analyze the impact of the climate-security nexus on the EU’s CSDP missions and operations.","PeriodicalId":40233,"journal":{"name":"Ankara Avrupa Calismalari Dergisi-Ankara Review of European Studies","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74085402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since activation policies prove their inefficiency in solving existent socio economic problems, especially after the pandemic crisis of COVID-19, alternative policies other than Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) have appeared on the agenda of the EU. This research traces the reasons of the ineffectiveness of activation by highlighting the perception of the beneficiaries of the ALMPs. This article builds on the fieldwork implemented in a member state (Spain) and candidate country (Turkey) of the EU through 78 semi-structured individual interviews with the participants of vocational trainings for unemployed people. Results show that the beneficiaries in both countries are aware of the fact that the activation process does not provide a solution for their socio-economic problems and they desire a decent job, rather than training.
{"title":"NEOLIBERAL POLICY TOOL: ACTIVE LABOUR MARKET POLICIES IN TURKEY AND SPAIN","authors":"B. Filiz, Berrin CEYLAN ATAMAN","doi":"10.32450/aacd.1226817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1226817","url":null,"abstract":"Since activation policies prove their inefficiency in solving existent socio economic problems, especially after the pandemic crisis of COVID-19, alternative policies other than Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) have appeared on the agenda of the EU. This research traces the reasons of the ineffectiveness of activation by highlighting the perception of the beneficiaries of the ALMPs. This article builds on the fieldwork implemented in a member state (Spain) and candidate country (Turkey) of the EU through 78 semi-structured individual interviews with the participants of vocational trainings for unemployed people. Results show that the beneficiaries in both countries are aware of the fact that the activation process does not provide a solution for their socio-economic problems and they desire a decent job, rather than training.","PeriodicalId":40233,"journal":{"name":"Ankara Avrupa Calismalari Dergisi-Ankara Review of European Studies","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81683949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contribution questions the preliminary rulings given by the CJEU in Achbita and Wabe and Müller Cases that define the corporate neutrality policies banning wearing of religious clothes in private employment as indirect discrimination. The contribution argues that such corporate neutrality policies, though applied to all employees in the same way, constitute in fact direct discrimination for the devout followers of orthopraxis religions, such as Islam, Judaism and Sikhism, provide preference to employer’s freedom to conduct a business and economic interests over the employee’s right to religious manifestation and social rights, put the right to religious manifestation at the bottom of the hierarchy of grounds of discrimination and cause to economic and social exclusion of such minority employees, notwithstanding the European values.
{"title":"A FAIR BALANCE BETWEEN THE RIGHT TO RELIGIOUS MANIFESTATION AND THE FREEDOM TO CONDUCT A BUSINESS IN THE CASES OF HEADSCARVES BAN IN PRIVATE EMPLOYMENT?","authors":"M. T. Karayiğit, Julija Ilhan","doi":"10.32450/aacd.1226864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1226864","url":null,"abstract":"The contribution questions the preliminary rulings given by the CJEU in Achbita and Wabe and Müller Cases that define the corporate neutrality policies banning wearing of religious clothes in private employment as indirect discrimination. The contribution argues that such corporate neutrality policies, though applied to all employees in the same way, constitute in fact direct discrimination for the devout followers of orthopraxis religions, such as Islam, Judaism and Sikhism, provide preference to employer’s freedom to conduct a business and economic interests over \u0000the employee’s right to religious manifestation and social rights, put the right to religious manifestation at the bottom of the hierarchy of grounds of discrimination and cause to economic and social exclusion of such minority employees, notwithstanding the European values.","PeriodicalId":40233,"journal":{"name":"Ankara Avrupa Calismalari Dergisi-Ankara Review of European Studies","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84511642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AB deniz dış ve güvenlik politikası entegrasyonunu nasıl açıklayabiliriz? Yani AB’nin dış ve güvenlik politikasına yeni bir boyut olarak ‘deniz’in eklenmesini nasıl açıklayabiliriz? Denizcilik alanında entegrasyonu sağlayan temel mekanizmalar nelerdir? Üye devletlerin başlangıçta karşı çıktıkları AB Deniz Güvenliği Stratejisi’ni (ABDGS) (EU Maritime Security Strategy-EUMSS) kısa bir süre sonra kabul etmesinde hangi itici güçler etkili olmuştur? Bu makale, ABDGS’nin benimsenmesine ilişkin teorik bir çalışma yürüterek bu soruları açıklığa kavuşturmayı amaçlamaktadır.
{"title":"AB DENİZ GÜVENLİĞİ STRATEJİSİ: TEORİK BİR İNCELEME","authors":"Kübra ÇOBAN HASTUNÇ","doi":"10.32450/aacd.1226799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1226799","url":null,"abstract":"AB deniz dış ve güvenlik politikası entegrasyonunu nasıl açıklayabiliriz? Yani AB’nin dış ve güvenlik politikasına yeni bir boyut olarak ‘deniz’in eklenmesini nasıl açıklayabiliriz? Denizcilik alanında entegrasyonu sağlayan temel mekanizmalar nelerdir? Üye devletlerin başlangıçta karşı çıktıkları AB Deniz Güvenliği Stratejisi’ni (ABDGS) (EU Maritime Security Strategy-EUMSS) kısa bir süre sonra kabul etmesinde hangi itici güçler etkili olmuştur? Bu makale, ABDGS’nin benimsenmesine ilişkin teorik bir çalışma yürüterek bu soruları açıklığa kavuşturmayı amaçlamaktadır.","PeriodicalId":40233,"journal":{"name":"Ankara Avrupa Calismalari Dergisi-Ankara Review of European Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79486468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this article is to explore whether the European Union (EU) has adapted its trade strategy to the emerging needs and challenges in the post-pandemic era. Comparing the EU’s new trade strategy document ‘Trade Policy Review’ with the previous one ‘Trade for All’, the study demonstrates that the EU reformulated its trade strategy to tackle the present challenges. Using text mining techniques with R programming language, two trade strategy documents were analyzed separately and comparatively. The findings reveal that the priorities of the current trade agenda are economy, sustainability, and global actions. Compared with the previous document, the emphasis on sustainability and digitalization is much stronger in the Trade Policy Review. Besides, resilience and transition seem to be relatively new areas of focus.
{"title":"THE 2021 EU TRADE POLICY REVIEW: SHIFT IN TRADE STRATEGY AND NEW INITIATIVES","authors":"Esra UYAR OKCU","doi":"10.32450/aacd.1226897","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1226897","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this article is to explore whether the European Union (EU) has adapted its trade strategy to the emerging needs and challenges in the post-pandemic era. Comparing the EU’s new trade strategy document ‘Trade Policy Review’ with the previous one ‘Trade for All’, the study demonstrates that the EU reformulated its trade strategy to tackle the present challenges. Using text mining techniques with R programming language, two trade strategy documents were analyzed separately and comparatively. The findings reveal that the priorities of the current trade agenda are \u0000economy, sustainability, and global actions. Compared with the previous document, the emphasis on sustainability and digitalization is much stronger in the Trade Policy Review. Besides, resilience and transition seem to be relatively new areas of focus.","PeriodicalId":40233,"journal":{"name":"Ankara Avrupa Calismalari Dergisi-Ankara Review of European Studies","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80440485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, the European Union (EU) is trying to determine its place in the international system where there are multipolar power centers. Editor Martin Westlake and other contributing authors lay out the foundations of the Union's new foreign policy in “The European Union's New Foreign Policy.” The foreign policy issue, which has been under the jurisdiction of the Member States for many years, has become a phenomenon with the Common Foreign and Security Policy column created with the Maastricht Treaty signed in 1992 (p.1). This phenomenon also raises the book's fundamental research question: Why is there a need to explain the "old" foreign policy as "new" today? The book, which was synthesized from different perspectives by more than one author, makes sense of the new foreign policy of the EU with its constitutional, institutional, political and geographical aspects. The presence of the word “new” reflects the tools, actors, initiatives, and the EU framing these factors (p.2).
{"title":"Kitap İncelemesi: THE EUROPEAN UNION’S NEW FOREIGN POLICY","authors":"Emre Erdemir","doi":"10.32450/aacd.1148640","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1148640","url":null,"abstract":"Today, the European Union (EU) is trying to determine its place in the international system where there are multipolar power centers. Editor Martin Westlake and other contributing authors lay out the foundations of the Union's new foreign policy in “The European Union's New Foreign Policy.” The foreign policy issue, which has been under the jurisdiction of the Member States for many years, has become a phenomenon with the Common Foreign and Security Policy column created with the Maastricht Treaty signed in 1992 (p.1). This phenomenon also raises the book's fundamental research question: Why is there a need to explain the \"old\" foreign policy as \"new\" today? The book, which was synthesized from different perspectives by more than one author, makes sense of the new foreign policy of the EU with its constitutional, institutional, political and geographical aspects. The presence of the word “new” reflects the tools, actors, initiatives, and the EU framing these factors (p.2).","PeriodicalId":40233,"journal":{"name":"Ankara Avrupa Calismalari Dergisi-Ankara Review of European Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78219543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ontological (in)security concept has been recently introduced to the security studies and qained popularity. Individuals and states instinctively pursue their physical security, but they never feel completely safe in an environment which stability and security of self’s existence cannot be guaranteed. They’re in a search for attaining ontological security through narratives, habits, and routines to generate a sense of trust in an uncertainty environment. In this regard, this article tries to answer a key question: how ongoing Cyprus conflict be explained through ontological (in)security considering the EU’s failure to unravel security dilemmas between Turkish and Greek communities on the island? The findings of the article will contribute to the existing literature and open up new debates concerning the role of ontological (in)security in ongoing conflicts
{"title":"Avrupa Birliğinde Ontolojik Güven(siz)lik: Kıbrıs Örneği","authors":"Şiret Hürsoy, Z. M. ÖZÜN ÇÖLLÜOĞLU","doi":"10.32450/aacd.1148623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1148623","url":null,"abstract":"Ontological (in)security concept has been recently introduced to the security studies and qained popularity. Individuals and states instinctively pursue their physical security, but they never feel completely safe in an environment which stability and security of self’s existence cannot be guaranteed. They’re in a search for attaining ontological security through narratives, habits, and routines to generate a sense of trust in an uncertainty environment. In this regard, this article tries to answer a key question: how ongoing Cyprus conflict be explained through ontological (in)security considering the EU’s failure to unravel security dilemmas between Turkish and Greek communities on the island? The findings of the article will contribute to the existing literature and open up new debates concerning the role of ontological (in)security in ongoing conflicts","PeriodicalId":40233,"journal":{"name":"Ankara Avrupa Calismalari Dergisi-Ankara Review of European Studies","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86927877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study critically reviews the European Union’s (EU) irregular migration policy based on the Turkey and Libya deals’ performance during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study has two main findings about how the pandemic has affected the deals’ performance especially as to international cooperation and irregular migration management capacities: 1) The deals have failed in terms of sustainability and resilience. 2) The deals - aiming to reduce the irregular migration flows, improve access to protection, strengthen the international cooperation on irregular migration – have undermined the humanitarian and international cooperation. In conclusion, the study argues that strengthening the migration management capacities in transit and source countries as well as improving the humanitarian and international cooperation will be beneficial to overhauling of the EU’s irregular migration diplomacy.
{"title":"Pandemic and Irregular Migration: A Critical Review of the European Union’s Irregular Migration Policy on the basis of the Turkey and Libya Deals","authors":"Hikmet Mengüaslan, Yusuf Fi̇dan","doi":"10.32450/aacd.1148626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1148626","url":null,"abstract":"This study critically reviews the European Union’s (EU) irregular migration policy based on the Turkey and Libya deals’ performance during the Covid-19 pandemic. The study has two main findings about how the pandemic has affected the deals’ performance especially as to international cooperation and irregular migration management capacities: 1) The deals have failed in terms of sustainability and resilience. 2) The deals - aiming to reduce the irregular migration flows, improve access to protection, strengthen the international cooperation on irregular migration – have undermined the humanitarian and international cooperation. In conclusion, the study argues that strengthening the migration management capacities in transit and source countries as well as improving the humanitarian and international cooperation will be beneficial to overhauling of the EU’s irregular migration diplomacy.","PeriodicalId":40233,"journal":{"name":"Ankara Avrupa Calismalari Dergisi-Ankara Review of European Studies","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78660226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The European Union (EU) has evolved as an international actor with democracy promotion agenda since the 1990s. The EU approaches to democracy promotion by transferring its norms, values, rules and standards to third countries especially through its enlargement and neighbourhood policies. This study considers the lack of conceptual and theoretical studies on the subject in Turkish literature. It discusses the content, instruments, methods and approaches of democracy promotion as a foreign policy phenomenon, and the reasons for external actors’ impact on other states’ democratisation processes. The models along with instruments and mechanisms used by the EU in democracy promotion are examined. Thus, it contributes to Turkish literature on the EU’s democracy promotion by drawing on the literature on democratisation and Europeanisation.
{"title":"The European Union’s Democracy Promotion: Main Strategies and Approaches","authors":"Fulya AKGÜL DURAKÇAY, Sedef Eylemer","doi":"10.32450/aacd.1148588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32450/aacd.1148588","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union (EU) has evolved as an international actor with democracy promotion agenda since the 1990s. The EU approaches to democracy promotion by transferring its norms, values, rules and standards to third countries especially through its enlargement and neighbourhood policies. This study considers the lack of conceptual and theoretical studies on the subject in Turkish literature. It \u0000discusses the content, instruments, methods and approaches of democracy promotion as a foreign policy phenomenon, and the reasons for external actors’ impact on other states’ democratisation processes. The models along with instruments and mechanisms used by the EU in democracy promotion are examined. Thus, it contributes to Turkish literature on the EU’s democracy promotion by drawing on the literature on democratisation and Europeanisation.","PeriodicalId":40233,"journal":{"name":"Ankara Avrupa Calismalari Dergisi-Ankara Review of European Studies","volume":"150 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77411066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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