Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.24035/ijit.21.2022.228
Mohamed Yacoub
Analyzing interviews with Muslim guests on Fox News’ Hannity reveals biased practices that trigger anti-Muslim sentiment and rhetoric. Muslim guests are asked leading questions, cornered (asked off topic questions and forced to respond), accused with hedge-less statements, faced with the technique of “polls say,” and labelled as “you” versus “us.” The result of such anti-Muslim sentiment is audience who have not been given the chance to listen, but a chance to hate. This paper, thus, calls for transformation in action so that we pushback against this sentiment and rhetoric.
{"title":"Reiterating Anti-Muslim Rhetoric: Interview Practices of Fox News’ Hannity","authors":"Mohamed Yacoub","doi":"10.24035/ijit.21.2022.228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.21.2022.228","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzing interviews with Muslim guests on Fox News’ Hannity reveals biased practices that trigger anti-Muslim sentiment and rhetoric. Muslim guests are asked leading questions, cornered (asked off topic questions and forced to respond), accused with hedge-less statements, faced with the technique of “polls say,” and labelled as “you” versus “us.” The result of such anti-Muslim sentiment is audience who have not been given the chance to listen, but a chance to hate. This paper, thus, calls for transformation in action so that we pushback against this sentiment and rhetoric.","PeriodicalId":40258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Thought","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78757892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.24035/ijit.21.2022.232
Z. Kausar
This article is a critique on the UN – promoted concept of women’s empowerment which is presented in the international instrument of women’s rights, called Platform for Action, (1995) and which is reviewed since then for every five years. It is asserted in the article that though women’s empowerment in the general sense of women’s development and advancement is essential; but this UN-based concept of women’s empowerment is constructed on a specific perspective, called ‘gender perspective’ which is problematic. Critical analysis of ‘gender perspective’ shows that heterosexual marriage, family and reproduction through marital union are all perceived as social construction and they are perceived as obstacles in the way of women’s empowerment. It is therefore contended in the article that this concept of women’s empowerment represents Western ethnocentrism because it ignores certain gender differences and their resultant gender roles and also overlooks the need for institutional agencies like religion and family which are necessary for legitimizing ‘power.’ It is asserted that all cultures should be given the right to re-conceptualize and pursue women’s empowerment following their own perspectives based on their respective civilizations.
{"title":"Women’s Empowerment in UN Documents neither a Safe Haven nor a Pandora’s Box: Need for A Holistic Perspective","authors":"Z. Kausar","doi":"10.24035/ijit.21.2022.232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.21.2022.232","url":null,"abstract":"This article is a critique on the UN – promoted concept of women’s empowerment which is presented in the international instrument of women’s rights, called Platform for Action, (1995) and which is reviewed since then for every five years. It is asserted in the article that though women’s empowerment in the general sense of women’s development and advancement is essential; but this UN-based concept of women’s empowerment is constructed on a specific perspective, called ‘gender perspective’ which is problematic. Critical analysis of ‘gender perspective’ shows that heterosexual marriage, family and reproduction through marital union are all perceived as social construction and they are perceived as obstacles in the way of women’s empowerment. It is therefore contended in the article that this concept of women’s empowerment represents Western ethnocentrism because it ignores certain gender differences and their resultant gender roles and also overlooks the need for institutional agencies like religion and family which are necessary for legitimizing ‘power.’ It is asserted that all cultures should be given the right to re-conceptualize and pursue women’s empowerment following their own perspectives based on their respective civilizations.","PeriodicalId":40258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Thought","volume":"203 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77916913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.24035/ijit.21.2022.230
Nur Asmadayana Hasim, L. Amin, Zurina Mahadi, Nor Ashikin Mohamed Yusof
The Malaysian government strongly promotes research and development in modern biotechnology since it has the potential to bring economic benefits to the nation. Modern biotechnology has been associated with several ethical issues related to the environment. This leads to the need for having appropriate laws and guidelines for governance purposes. There is a legal vacuum in the existing Biosafety Act 2007. This Act focuses on scientific risk assessment concerning modern biotechnology and does not contain any provision in terms of the social and ethical aspects of modern biotechnology. The objective of this article is to identify and select the core ethical principles that are both acceptable, and capable of protecting the environment. By using a qualitative approach, a series of focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted consisting of four groups of stakeholders in biotechnology. The discussions were recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically. The research findings show that the stakeholders strongly agree on the importance of three ethical principles for protecting the environment. They fully support the adoption of these ethical principles as the guiding principles for developing Malaysian Ethical Guidelines for Modern Biotechnology in the future. This research links Islamic and Western-based ethical principles in relation to the environment and its protection.
{"title":"Islamic Ethical Principles to Protect Environment Affected by Modern Biotechnology","authors":"Nur Asmadayana Hasim, L. Amin, Zurina Mahadi, Nor Ashikin Mohamed Yusof","doi":"10.24035/ijit.21.2022.230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.21.2022.230","url":null,"abstract":"The Malaysian government strongly promotes research and development in modern biotechnology since it has the potential to bring economic benefits to the nation. Modern biotechnology has been associated with several ethical issues related to the environment. This leads to the need for having appropriate laws and guidelines for governance purposes. There is a legal vacuum in the existing Biosafety Act 2007. This Act focuses on scientific risk assessment concerning modern biotechnology and does not contain any provision in terms of the social and ethical aspects of modern biotechnology. The objective of this article is to identify and select the core ethical principles that are both acceptable, and capable of protecting the environment. By using a qualitative approach, a series of focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted consisting of four groups of stakeholders in biotechnology. The discussions were recorded, transcribed and analyzed thematically. The research findings show that the stakeholders strongly agree on the importance of three ethical principles for protecting the environment. They fully support the adoption of these ethical principles as the guiding principles for developing Malaysian Ethical Guidelines for Modern Biotechnology in the future. This research links Islamic and Western-based ethical principles in relation to the environment and its protection.","PeriodicalId":40258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Thought","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84698243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.24035/ijit.21.2022.227
Mohamed SHEIKH ALIO
The political history of Muslim minorities in the world is one of the emerging areas in the Muslim world’s contemporary issues that need to be addressed. This research examines the political history of Muslim communities in Kenya’s former Northern Frontier District (NFD), which was part of Somali Jubaland but annexed to Kenya Colony by British authorities in 1925, and the challenges they confronted during British colony (1895-1963); in terms of isolation measures, political marginalization and disregarding the 1962 referendum which expressed their will to unite with Somalia. Furthermore, the study discloses the harder difficulties that encountered NFD natives after Kenya independence in 1963; which appeared through the Shifta War (1963-1967), human rights violations, chronic marginalization and pending justice over historical grievances. The research will contribute to discovering the political and social history of Muslim communities in NFD and its impact on the current situation of former NFD’s residents in Kenya towards gaining a long-lasting stability in Kenya.
{"title":"Kenyan NFD Muslim Communities: The Painful Past and Pending Justice","authors":"Mohamed SHEIKH ALIO","doi":"10.24035/ijit.21.2022.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.21.2022.227","url":null,"abstract":"The political history of Muslim minorities in the world is one of the emerging areas in the Muslim world’s contemporary issues that need to be addressed. This research examines the political history of Muslim communities in Kenya’s former Northern Frontier District (NFD), which was part of Somali Jubaland but annexed to Kenya Colony by British authorities in 1925, and the challenges they confronted during British colony (1895-1963); in terms of isolation measures, political marginalization and disregarding the 1962 referendum which expressed their will to unite with Somalia. Furthermore, the study discloses the harder difficulties that encountered NFD natives after Kenya independence in 1963; which appeared through the Shifta War (1963-1967), human rights violations, chronic marginalization and pending justice over historical grievances. The research will contribute to discovering the political and social history of Muslim communities in NFD and its impact on the current situation of former NFD’s residents in Kenya towards gaining a long-lasting stability in Kenya.","PeriodicalId":40258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Thought","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75561297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.24035/ijit.21.2022.226
M. M. H. Alharbi
Empowerment of women is the mirror of a society's civilization and development. It is vital and necessity for the success of the society’s comprehensive development. This study aims to explore the role played by the "Kingdom's vision 2030" in empowering Saudi women. The study applied a questionnaire consisting of five axes that express the awareness of empowering Saudi women according to the “Vision 2030”. A total of 152 responses were received in two months. The study used both the descriptive and analytical approaches to analyse the collected data. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences in the awareness of empowering Saudi women in the view of Vision 2030 based on the respondents ages, nature of their profession and level of education. The study recommended that more opportunity for women in terms of education and property ownership can encourage women to put more efforts towards the development of the Kingdom.
{"title":"Kingdom Vision 2030 and the Women’s Empowerment in Saudi Arabia: An Empirical Investigation","authors":"M. M. H. Alharbi","doi":"10.24035/ijit.21.2022.226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.21.2022.226","url":null,"abstract":"Empowerment of women is the mirror of a society's civilization and development. It is vital and necessity for the success of the society’s comprehensive development. This study aims to explore the role played by the \"Kingdom's vision 2030\" in empowering Saudi women. The study applied a questionnaire consisting of five axes that express the awareness of empowering Saudi women according to the “Vision 2030”. A total of 152 responses were received in two months. The study used both the descriptive and analytical approaches to analyse the collected data. The results showed that there are statistically significant differences in the awareness of empowering Saudi women in the view of Vision 2030 based on the respondents ages, nature of their profession and level of education. The study recommended that more opportunity for women in terms of education and property ownership can encourage women to put more efforts towards the development of the Kingdom.","PeriodicalId":40258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Thought","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79818804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.24035/ijit.21.2022.233
F. Muhammadin, Nidlol Masyhud
This article by Wahab and Hadzrullathfi (2013) is part of a long-standing debate in the discourse of ‘ulama of ahl al-sunnah wa al-jama‘ah, especially between the Ash‘ariyyah and Athariyyah. While the debate is very old, but the discourse is always fresh and this particular topic (i.e. the stages of Imam Al-Ash‘ari’s creed of ‘aqidah) is among the underappreciated topics. The authors explained that this article is intended to refute the Salafis/Wahhabis who claim that Imam Abu Hasan Al-Ash‘ari has had three stages of aqidah creed: (a) Mu’tazilah, (b) Kullabiyah, then (c) Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah (hereinafter: Three Stage), an opinion which they attribute to Ibn Taymiyyah. Hence, this article is a very welcomed addition to this discourse. This review is intended to provide some critical insight towards Wahab and Hadzrullathfi’s article.
Wahab和Hadzrullathfi(2013)的这篇文章是“ahl al-sunnah wa al-jama’ah的乌拉玛”(ulama of ahl al-sunnah wa al-jama’ah)话语中长期争论的一部分，特别是在Ash’ariyyah和Athariyyah之间。虽然辩论非常古老，但话语总是新鲜的，这个特定的话题(即伊玛目阿什阿里的“aqidah”信条的阶段)是不被重视的话题之一。发件人解释说，这篇文章的目的是反驳萨拉菲派/瓦哈比派声称伊玛目阿布·哈桑·阿什阿里有三个阶段的阿基达信条:(a) Mu 'tazilah， (b) Kullabiyah，然后(c) Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama 'ah(以下简称:三个阶段)，他们认为这是伊本·泰米耶的意见。因此，这篇文章是这一论述的一个非常受欢迎的补充。这篇综述旨在对Wahab和Hadzrullathfi的文章提供一些批判性的见解。
{"title":"Article Review: Peringkat Pemikiran Imam Al-Ash’ari dalam Akidah by Muhammad Rashidi Wahab dan Syed Hadzrullathfi Syed Omar","authors":"F. Muhammadin, Nidlol Masyhud","doi":"10.24035/ijit.21.2022.233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.21.2022.233","url":null,"abstract":"This article by Wahab and Hadzrullathfi (2013) is part of a long-standing debate in the discourse of ‘ulama of ahl al-sunnah wa al-jama‘ah, especially between the Ash‘ariyyah and Athariyyah. While the debate is very old, but the discourse is always fresh and this particular topic (i.e. the stages of Imam Al-Ash‘ari’s creed of ‘aqidah) is among the underappreciated topics. The authors explained that this article is intended to refute the Salafis/Wahhabis who claim that Imam Abu Hasan Al-Ash‘ari has had three stages of aqidah creed: (a) Mu’tazilah, (b) Kullabiyah, then (c) Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama‘ah (hereinafter: Three Stage), an opinion which they attribute to Ibn Taymiyyah. Hence, this article is a very welcomed addition to this discourse. This review is intended to provide some critical insight towards Wahab and Hadzrullathfi’s article.","PeriodicalId":40258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Thought","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79963214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.24035/ijit.21.2022.222
Asmilyia Mohd Mokhtar, Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor, D. P. Dahnil
Issues which are consist in learning disability context for the blind comprises several aspects such as; teachers did not teach the Quran by using the Quran in braille, have not mastered in Quran Braille code, have not basic learning on the Quran and alphabetical character. This article attempts to find out the issues and challenges of learning disabilities experienced by Muslim Blind Community in Malaysia. The study also aims to solve problems on learning disabilities among Muslim blind community in Malaysia by using braille approach. This study undertakes an analysis of people with learning disabilities based on issues and challenges as the main sources of reference by adopting the document analysis method. Therefore, this study used a qualitative method with a protocol of observation and analysis of several sources to get data and information. The outcome of this article suggests that the Malaysia government needs to make improvements in order to enhance the quality of education for people with learning disabilities and create a special education program for them. This paper clarifies that the methods and point solutions to the problems faced by this kind of people is considered as a new issue and supposed to be handled by government and private sector
{"title":"Problem Solving for Learning Disabilities in Malaysian Muslim Blind Community","authors":"Asmilyia Mohd Mokhtar, Ahmad Yunus Mohd Noor, D. P. Dahnil","doi":"10.24035/ijit.21.2022.222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.21.2022.222","url":null,"abstract":"Issues which are consist in learning disability context for the blind comprises several aspects such as; teachers did not teach the Quran by using the Quran in braille, have not mastered in Quran Braille code, have not basic learning on the Quran and alphabetical character. This article attempts to find out the issues and challenges of learning disabilities experienced by Muslim Blind Community in Malaysia. The study also aims to solve problems on learning disabilities among Muslim blind community in Malaysia by using braille approach. This study undertakes an analysis of people with learning disabilities based on issues and challenges as the main sources of reference by adopting the document analysis method. Therefore, this study used a qualitative method with a protocol of observation and analysis of several sources to get data and information. The outcome of this article suggests that the Malaysia government needs to make improvements in order to enhance the quality of education for people with learning disabilities and create a special education program for them. This paper clarifies that the methods and point solutions to the problems faced by this kind of people is considered as a new issue and supposed to be handled by government and private sector","PeriodicalId":40258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Thought","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87542427","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.24035/ijit.21.2022.223
B. Topuz
It is seen that the Alevi-Sunni relations are mostly shaped by the stereotyped perceptions of the two groups about each other. In particular, the fact that Alevism is a closed society due to the pressure they have experienced throughout history has prevented them from being perceived correctly. As such, it is seen that there are many misconceptions about Alevis and their rituals that do not match the reality but are accepted as correct by the society. Due to the lack of communication that could not be developed through this "unknown" in the historical process, Alevi-Sunni relations have always been open to manipulations. As a matter of fact, it is seen that Alevis' relations with Islam, the Djem ceremonies that form the basis of Alevism, and the content of Djem ceremonies have always remained a mystery to Sunnis. Unfortunately, this misperception also reflected negatively on the communication between the two groups. As it is known, if stereotypes arise when there is incorrect information about the target group, the best way to correct them is to create common contact environments that will bring individuals to the right information. Here in this article, the unknown Djem ritual and especially the Qur'anic verses that they refer to during the Djem ceremonies are discussed.
{"title":"Quranic Verses Shaping Djem and False Perception of Alevism in the Society","authors":"B. Topuz","doi":"10.24035/ijit.21.2022.223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.21.2022.223","url":null,"abstract":"It is seen that the Alevi-Sunni relations are mostly shaped by the stereotyped perceptions of the two groups about each other. In particular, the fact that Alevism is a closed society due to the pressure they have experienced throughout history has prevented them from being perceived correctly. As such, it is seen that there are many misconceptions about Alevis and their rituals that do not match the reality but are accepted as correct by the society. Due to the lack of communication that could not be developed through this \"unknown\" in the historical process, Alevi-Sunni relations have always been open to manipulations. As a matter of fact, it is seen that Alevis' relations with Islam, the Djem ceremonies that form the basis of Alevism, and the content of Djem ceremonies have always remained a mystery to Sunnis. Unfortunately, this misperception also reflected negatively on the communication between the two groups. As it is known, if stereotypes arise when there is incorrect information about the target group, the best way to correct them is to create common contact environments that will bring individuals to the right information. Here in this article, the unknown Djem ritual and especially the Qur'anic verses that they refer to during the Djem ceremonies are discussed.","PeriodicalId":40258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Thought","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86016861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.24035/ijit.21.2022.221
A. Long, Mohd Hatib Ismail, ZUL`AZMI Yaakob
Fethullah Gülen is an authoritative mainstream Turkish Muslim scholar, thinker, and educational activist who supports interfaith and intercultural dialogue. He is opposed to violence and to turning religion into a political ideology. In Turkey, he has been credited for bringing about positive atmospheres between the Muslim population and the various religious minorities such as the Christian and Jewish communities. Outside Turkey, his ideas on interfaith dialogue have inspired many to establish organizations engaging in dialogue with the same objectives of mutual understanding, empathetic acceptance, peaceful coexistence, and cooperation. He has outlined four main foundations in his dialogue, namely, love, compassion, tolerance, and forgiveness, as a form of a religious order which is known as the universal values. He has introduced two types of practical dialogue, which are the dialogue through mass media and the dialogue through educational institutions, which aim to create a better understanding between the Muslims and non-Muslims among the Golden Generations. Over the years, Gülen is a champion of interfaith dialogue who has been committed to bringing global peace beyond the boundary of religion, race, and region.
{"title":"Fethullah Gülen: Interfaith Dialogue as a Way to the Global Peace","authors":"A. Long, Mohd Hatib Ismail, ZUL`AZMI Yaakob","doi":"10.24035/ijit.21.2022.221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.21.2022.221","url":null,"abstract":"Fethullah Gülen is an authoritative mainstream Turkish Muslim scholar, thinker, and educational activist who supports interfaith and intercultural dialogue. He is opposed to violence and to turning religion into a political ideology. In Turkey, he has been credited for bringing about positive atmospheres between the Muslim population and the various religious minorities such as the Christian and Jewish communities. Outside Turkey, his ideas on interfaith dialogue have inspired many to establish organizations engaging in dialogue with the same objectives of mutual understanding, empathetic acceptance, peaceful coexistence, and cooperation. He has outlined four main foundations in his dialogue, namely, love, compassion, tolerance, and forgiveness, as a form of a religious order which is known as the universal values. He has introduced two types of practical dialogue, which are the dialogue through mass media and the dialogue through educational institutions, which aim to create a better understanding between the Muslims and non-Muslims among the Golden Generations. Over the years, Gülen is a champion of interfaith dialogue who has been committed to bringing global peace beyond the boundary of religion, race, and region.","PeriodicalId":40258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Thought","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73928520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.24035/ijit.20.2021.215
L. Olorogun, A. Abdul Aziz
Hard currency (‘umlah) plays an essential role in any modern economy. The introduction of money as a means of remuneration successfully eliminated the problems posed by traditional barter trade. Gold and silver became the most widely accepted and circulated form of money in the medieval world, stored in the treasuries of the kings and the wealthy and powerful. In 1971 the US government abolished the Bretton Woods system and exchanged with the floating or fiat economy system which soon became the standard currency system worldwide. Disappointingly, no Muslim government produced legal rulings ( fatwas ) which rejected the legality of the fiat system and demanded the return to gold and silver backed currency. The single fatwa issued in Saudi Arabia in 1985 concluded that paper currency had completely replaced gold and silver and that all previous Islamic legal rulings issued on gold and silver were now applicable to paper currency. This paper study critically evaluates the 1985 fatwa, questions its legal validity and concludes that only a solid gold and silver currency fulfills the legal requirements of an Islamic currency of which all Muslim economies should adopt and protect.
{"title":"Critical Evaluation of the Contemporary Scholars’ Fatwas on Substitution of Gold Dinar for Banknotes","authors":"L. Olorogun, A. Abdul Aziz","doi":"10.24035/ijit.20.2021.215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.20.2021.215","url":null,"abstract":"Hard currency (‘umlah) plays an essential role in any modern economy. The introduction of money as a means of remuneration successfully eliminated the problems posed by traditional barter trade. Gold and silver became the most widely accepted and circulated form of money in the medieval world, stored in the treasuries of the kings and the wealthy and powerful. In 1971 the US government abolished the Bretton Woods system and exchanged with the floating or fiat economy system which soon became the standard currency system worldwide. Disappointingly, no Muslim government produced legal rulings ( fatwas ) which rejected the legality of the fiat system and demanded the return to gold and silver backed currency. The single fatwa issued in Saudi Arabia in 1985 concluded that paper currency had completely replaced gold and silver and that all previous Islamic legal rulings issued on gold and silver were now applicable to paper currency. This paper study critically evaluates the 1985 fatwa, questions its legal validity and concludes that only a solid gold and silver currency fulfills the legal requirements of an Islamic currency of which all Muslim economies should adopt and protect.","PeriodicalId":40258,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Islamic Thought","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89606424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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