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Takyif Fiqhi on the Permissibility of Ijarah Mawsufah fi al-Dhimmah: A Critical Analysis Takyif Fiqhi关于Ijarah Mawsufah fi al-Dhimmah的容许性:一个批判性的分析
IF 0.4 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.24035/ijit.17.2020.165
Abu Umar Faruq Ahmad, Abu Talib Mohammad Monawer, L. Olorogun
Ijarah mawsufah fi al-dhimmah (hereinafter referred to as IMAD), also known as forward ijarah ̧ is an Islamic financial product that involves the sale of an identified asset currently being produced or constructed for a future delivery such as a property, office, factory, and so forth. In the classical fiqh literature, it has been discussed under the general purview of leasing and forward sale contracts. However, in the context of modern Islamic finance practice Islamic banks and financial institutions have upheld its usage as an independent financial instrument. The contemporary scholars claim that except for Hanafi, other key fiqh schools consider IMAD as an Islamic financial product. The study is an attempt to prove that such a claim is merely based on assumption. Besides, it is motivated by lack of holistic study of Hanafi’s original reference books. The methodology chosen for this study is content analysis of the relevant published literatures. The study finds that no classical scholars including those of Hanafi school of thought were in disagreement so far over the IMAD to consider it as an independent and standalone Islamic finance product. The study aims at reconciling scholars’ different views on the issue of IMAD for its wider acceptance.
Ijarah mawsufah fi al-dhimmah(以下简称IMAD),也称为远期Ijarah -dhimmah,是一种伊斯兰金融产品,涉及出售目前正在生产或建造的确定资产,以供未来交付,如房产、办公室、工厂等。在经典的fiqh文献中,它已经在租赁和远期销售合同的一般范围内进行了讨论。然而,在现代伊斯兰金融实践的背景下,伊斯兰银行和金融机构坚持将其作为独立的金融工具使用。当代学者声称,除了哈纳菲,其他主要伊斯兰教学派都认为IMAD是伊斯兰教的金融产品。这项研究试图证明这样的说法仅仅是基于假设。此外,缺乏对哈纳菲原始参考书的全面研究也是其动机之一。本研究选择的方法是对相关已发表的文献进行内容分析。研究发现,迄今为止,包括哈纳菲学派在内的古典学者都没有对IMAD作为一个独立的、独立的伊斯兰金融产品持不同意见。本研究旨在调和学者对IMAD问题的不同看法,使其得到更广泛的接受。
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引用次数: 2
A Comparative Study of al-Ghazali’s and Ibn Taymiyyah’s Views on Sufism 格萨里与伊本·泰米耶对苏菲主义观点的比较研究
IF 0.4 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.24035/ijit.17.2020.166
Ahmed Nafiu Arikewuyo
Sufism has generated from the ancient time a very staunch polemics among Muslim scholars. The controversy over sufism has attracted various comments and remarks over the unique and peculiar tenets of sufis. Among the Muslim scholars who have contributed to the discourse were al-Ghazali and Ibn Taymiyyah. This research aims to compare the views of these two scholars. Library research with analytic and comparative methodology was adopted. Findings show that both scholars are credited to have reformed some popular and conventional doctrines of the Sufis of their respective times. In addition, al-Ghazali and Ibn Taymiyyah agreed that some innovations and perversions have found their way into sufism. A major phenomenon in the views of the two scholars on sufism is that while al-Ghazali was to a very large extent influenced by some sufi superstitions, Ibn Taymiyyah strongly subjects sufism to the literal provisions of the Quran and Sunnah. It is the conclusion of this paper that while it is accurate to ascribe al-Ghazali to sufism, it is inaccurate to regard Ibn Taymiyyah as one despite some of his sympathetic views on some sufis.
苏菲派自古以来就在穆斯林学者中引发了一场非常激烈的争论。关于苏菲主义的争论已经吸引了各种各样的评论和对苏菲的独特和奇特的信条的评论。对这一论述做出贡献的穆斯林学者包括al-Ghazali和Ibn Taymiyyah。本研究旨在比较这两位学者的观点。图书馆研究采用分析与比较相结合的研究方法。研究结果表明,两位学者都被认为改革了各自时代苏菲派的一些流行和传统教义。此外,al-Ghazali和Ibn Taymiyyah一致认为,一些创新和曲解已经进入了苏菲主义。这两位学者对苏非主义观点的一个主要现象是,虽然al-Ghazali在很大程度上受到一些苏非迷信的影响,但伊本泰米耶强烈地将苏非主义服从于古兰经和圣训的字面规定。本文的结论是,虽然将al-Ghazali归为苏菲主义是准确的,但将伊本·泰米耶视为苏菲主义是不准确的,尽管他对某些苏菲派持同情的观点。
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引用次数: 6
The Attitude of Religious Leaders towards Violence in Nigeria: Case Study of Mosques and Churches 尼日利亚宗教领袖对暴力的态度:以清真寺和教堂为例
IF 0.4 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2020-06-01 DOI: 10.24035/ijit.17.2020.173
Sulaiman Sheu Adua
Most of the violence that led to the bloodshed in Nigeria flourished because ofpolitical pungency stage-played through unverified incident wrap-up with faith based encounter. Some of acclaimed religious leader ware turned to political tacticians that focus in helping politician to unleash mayhem in their various community for counter campaign mission which, many of such cases, resulted to carnage that claimed many lives in Nigeria. This manuscript aims to scrutinize the responsibility of a religious leader according to the Scripture (Qur’ān and Bible) in quelling any violence cropped-up within their locality or clash between religious sects.To achieve this aims, survey and comparative method used in selecting relevant verses from both Qur’ān and Bible to expound the divine responsibility on anyone with religious title. This study finds that, politicians corrupted most of religious leaders in Nigeria to have attached political indulgence to the imperatives of their religion. To the extent that, their major responsibility to submerge the view of their people to harmonize their various community had been exchanged with political assignment that breeds unreceptive violence. Since many of this pastors and Imams were most respected in the society, the paper recommends that, to have peace in Nigeria religious leader should be afraid of Almighty God by not accepting a deal from politicians that can lead to bloodshed and killing of innocent life.
在尼日利亚,导致流血事件的大多数暴力事件都是由于政治上的尖锐——通过未经证实的事件和基于信仰的相遇来完成的。一些著名的宗教领袖转向了政治战术家,他们专注于帮助政治家在他们的各个社区发动混乱,以进行反竞选任务,其中许多案件导致了大屠杀,夺去了尼日利亚许多人的生命。这篇手稿的目的是根据圣经(古兰经ān和圣经)来审视宗教领袖在平息当地突然发生的暴力事件或宗教派别之间的冲突方面的责任。为了达到这一目的,采用调查比较的方法,从《古兰经》ān和《圣经》中选取相关经文,阐述具有宗教头衔的人的神圣责任。本研究发现,政治家腐蚀了尼日利亚的大多数宗教领袖,使他们将政治放纵与宗教的必要性联系在一起。在某种程度上,他们的主要责任是使其人民的意见达到和谐,而政治任务却产生了不受欢迎的暴力。由于许多牧师和伊玛目在社会上是最受尊敬的,该论文建议,要在尼日利亚实现和平,宗教领袖应该害怕全能的上帝,不接受可能导致流血和杀害无辜生命的政治家的交易。
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引用次数: 0
Islam and the Rearrangement of Society–State Relation in the Reformation Era of Indonesia 印尼宗教改革时期伊斯兰教与社会-国家关系的重新安排
IF 0.4 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2020-01-01 DOI: 10.24035/ijit.17.2020.174
A. Wahid
This article discusses the thoughts of Nurcholish Madjid and Abdurrahman Wahid regarding democratization in the reform era of Indonesia. It focuses on how Islam is articulated and implemented according to these two thinkers in the context of the changing of society-state relation in the reform era of Indonesia. To analyse and elaborate on their thoughts, the sociological and historical approaches as well as the prophetic sociology of knowledge are utilised or applied. It is argued here that the religio-political thoughts of the two thinkers go beyond a procedural democracy, arguing for a kind of democracy that is based on ethics and rationality where the relationship between strong society and the effective state in Indonesia is solidified
本文探讨了印尼改革时期努尔乔利什·马吉德和阿卜杜勒拉赫曼·瓦希德关于民主化的思想。重点关注在印尼改革时代社会国家关系变化的背景下,这两位思想家是如何阐述和实施伊斯兰教的。为了分析和阐述他们的思想,社会学和历史的方法以及先知的知识社会学被利用或应用。本文认为,两位思想家的宗教政治思想超越了程序民主,主张一种基于伦理和理性的民主,在这种民主中,印度尼西亚强大的社会与有效的国家之间的关系得到巩固
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引用次数: 0
Amalan Pengajaran Guru di Pondok Bantan, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand
IF 0.4 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2019-12-01 DOI: 10.24035/ijit.16.2019.003
Haziyah Hussin, M. Noh, Muhamad Razak Idris, Farid Mat Zain, Hamdi Ishak, Salamiah Ab. Ghani, Abdulroya Panaemalae
Historically, Pondok Bantan is a traditional Islamic educational institution that applies teacher-centered approach in teaching and learning programmes based on religious texts. However, in line with the changes in needs and time of society, the Pondok is now adopting Thai national curriculum which at the same time integrate with religious education curriculum based on the traditional (turath) texts of Malay scholars. The diversity in its educational curriculum components perceived as a strength for Pondok Bantan but becomes a challenge to the teachers’ ability to implement and ensure the teaching curriculum adopted is efficient for the holistic development of the students. Therefore, this study aims to identify attitudes and approaches applied by Pondok Bantan teachers’ in their teaching activities and the level of teaching aids application. The study applies quantitative research method involving 43 respondents among the teachers of Pondok Bantan. Data are obtained from the questionnaires and then analyzed using the descriptive statistics tehnique to measure the frequency, ranges, mean and standard deviation. The findings show that the teachers’ attitudes and practices toward teaching activities are high either before of the classrooms. However, the use of teaching aids need to be improved in the future by the teachers and the management of Pondok Bantan since its practices are in between moderate and high level.
从历史上看,Pondok Bantan是一个传统的伊斯兰教育机构,在基于宗教文本的教学和学习计划中采用以教师为中心的方法。然而,随着社会需求和时代的变化,Pondok现在正在采用泰国国家课程,同时与基于马来学者传统(turath)文本的宗教教育课程相结合。其教育课程组成的多样性被认为是Pondok Bantan的优势,但对教师实施和确保所采用的教学课程对学生的全面发展有效的能力构成了挑战。因此,本研究旨在了解本德班丹教师在教学活动中所使用的态度和方法,以及教具的使用水平。本研究采用定量研究的方法,对蓬德班丹的43名教师进行问卷调查。从问卷中获得数据,然后使用描述性统计技术进行分析,测量频率,范围,平均值和标准差。调查结果表明,教师在课堂前对教学活动的态度和行为都很高。然而,由于Pondok Bantan的实践处于中等和高级水平之间,因此未来教师和管理人员需要改进教具的使用。
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引用次数: 2
Islamic Legal Maxims Analysis on Orthognathic Surgery and Treatment 伊斯兰教法对正颌手术和治疗的分析
IF 0.4 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2019-06-13 DOI: 10.24035/IJIT.15.2019.010
N. Tarmidzi, Wan Ismail, Nalisha Mohamed Ramli, N. Halib, Nur Akilah Abdul Ghaffar
Medical treatment by Muslim doctors will sometimes be influenced by Islamic law and ethics rather than solely medical consideration. Muslim patient’s sometimes need reassurance that modern medicine that offered to them is also acceptable by Islamic law. Orthognathic deformities are condition which associated with discrepancies of the jaw. These deformities resulted from different rates of growth of the maxilla, the mandible or both. Performing cosmetic surgery seems to change the creation of Allah and the original law of changing Allah’s creation is prohibited. In assessing the orthognathic surgery law for patients with this dentofacial defect, the researcher found that the main issues that need to be investigated are the difficulties existed (Masyaqqah) and the level of patient harm in addition to the intention or purpose of performing orthognathic surgery. However, according to the principles of the Islamic jurisprudence, orthognathic surgery is permitted based on the principles such as ad-darar yuzal, al-musyaqqah tajlibu al-taisir, al-darurat tuqaddiru biqadaruha, irtikab akhaf al-dhararain, al-darurat tubihu mahzurat and al-umur bimaqasidiha. Orthognathic surgery can be done because the purpose is to treat defects and restore function. This objective is very consistent with the fiqh rules that stated, every harm and distress should be eliminated.
穆斯林医生的医疗有时会受到伊斯兰法律和道德的影响,而不仅仅是出于医疗考虑。穆斯林病人有时需要保证,提供给他们的现代医学也是伊斯兰法律所接受的。正颌畸形是一种与颌骨畸形有关的疾病。这些畸形是由于上颌骨、下颌骨或两者的生长速度不同造成的。整容手术似乎改变了安拉的创造,而改变安拉创造的原始法律是被禁止的。在评估这种牙面缺损患者的正颌手术法时,研究者发现除了进行正颌手术的意图或目的外,主要需要调查的问题是存在的困难(Masyaqqah)和患者的伤害程度。然而,根据伊斯兰法学的原则,允许基于ad-darar yuzal、al-musyaqqah tajlibu al-taisir、al-darurat tuqaddiru biqadaruha、irtikab akhaf al-dhararain、al-darurat tubihu mahzurat和al-umur bimaqasidiha等原则的正颌外科手术。正颌手术可以进行,因为目的是治疗缺陷和恢复功能。这一目标非常符合fiqh规则的规定,即应消除一切伤害和痛苦。
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引用次数: 2
Analysing the Institution of Caliphate in the Context of Political Islamists 分析伊斯兰政治背景下的哈里发制度
IF 0.4 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2019-06-13 DOI: 10.24035/IJIT.15.2019.011
R. Doğan
The Caliphate is an important concept for Muslims, especially for those who have been experiencing turmoil, disorder and conflict in their lands, as it presents as a collective body that is to be governed with fairness, assuring safety and justice for all associated with it. Once again it has resurfaced as a hot topic, debated by Muslims and non-Muslims alike. The advent of the 21st century has seen the establishment of many varied initiatives, all in attempt to re-establish the concept of a caliphate, however many of these have been short-lived and have received little support. Gradually, with the declining influence of terrorist organisations, the debate has almost lost its significance. This was until more recently, when the political Islamists of Turkey reignited the discussion through their claims of leader Recep Tayyip Erdogan as the rightful caliph of Muslims, inviting all Muslims to give him their pledge of allegiance. Therefore, it becomes imperative to examine the institution of the caliphate, its relevance to Muslims through identifying the nature of the caliphate and its theological and political values. More importantly, this paper aims to analyse the negative effects of the Justice and Development Party (the AKP) on Muslims, in Turkey and in other parts of the world, as a result of the party’s methods of conveying its extreme views through Islamic concepts and extremist religious interpretations. Political Islamists use primary Islamic sources and religious arguments to justify the declaration of caliphate.
哈里发国对穆斯林来说是一个重要的概念,尤其是对那些在自己的土地上经历过动荡、混乱和冲突的人来说,因为它是一个集体,将以公平的方式治理,确保与之相关的所有人的安全和正义。它再次成为一个热门话题,穆斯林和非穆斯林都在争论。21世纪的到来见证了许多不同倡议的建立,所有这些倡议都试图重建哈里发国的概念,然而其中许多都是短暂的,几乎没有得到支持。渐渐地,随着恐怖组织影响力的下降,这场辩论几乎失去了意义。直到最近,土耳其的政治伊斯兰主义者重新点燃了这场讨论,他们声称领导人雷杰普·塔伊普·埃尔多安(Recep Tayyip Erdogan)是穆斯林的合法哈里发,并邀请所有穆斯林向他宣誓效忠。因此,有必要通过确定哈里发国的性质及其神学和政治价值观来研究哈里发国的制度,以及它与穆斯林的关系。更重要的是,本文旨在分析正义与发展党(AKP)对穆斯林的负面影响,在土耳其和世界其他地区,由于该党通过伊斯兰概念和极端宗教解释传达其极端观点的方法。政治上的伊斯兰主义者使用主要的伊斯兰资料和宗教论据来证明哈里发国的宣言是正当的。
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引用次数: 1
The Ultimate Objective of Islamic Political Actors: A Conceptual Analysis Based on Selected Hadith 伊斯兰政治行动者的终极目标:基于精选圣训的概念分析
IF 0.4 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2019-06-13 DOI: 10.24035/IJIT.15.2019.008
M. Rosdi, Kamarul Ariffin Ithnan
This research was performed in order to study the ultimate objective of Islamic political actors based on selected Hadith of the Prophet. The true ultimate objective from the perspective of Islam should be examined due to the advent of various intentions in politics. Some desired winning in elections. Some desired popularity, while others desired many followers. These desires formed goals that were inconsistent with the ultimate objective of Islamic political actors in the perspective of Islam. The question is, what is this ultimate objective? This study was carried out using the method of literature review and content analysis. Literature review was used in order to collect secondary data, while mawdu‘iy analysis was used in order to analyse those data. As a result, it was found that the ultimate objective of Muslim political actors is to achieve mardhat Allah (the pleasure of Allah).
这项研究是为了根据选定的先知圣训研究伊斯兰政治行为者的最终目标。从伊斯兰教的角度来看,真正的最终目的是什么,应该从政治中各种意图的出现来审视。一些人希望在选举中获胜。一些人希望受欢迎,而另一些人希望有很多追随者。这些欲望所形成的目标与伊斯兰政治行为者的最终目标是不一致的。问题是,这个终极目标是什么?本研究采用文献综述和内容分析法进行。采用文献回顾法收集二次资料,采用mawdu 'iy分析法对资料进行分析。结果发现,穆斯林政治行为者的最终目标是实现“真主的喜悦”。
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引用次数: 1
Socialization Concepts and Educational Management Development to Create Muslim Citizenship through Private Islamic Schools in the Southern Border Provinces of Thailand 泰国南部边境省私立伊斯兰学校培养穆斯林公民的社会化理念与教育管理发展
IF 0.4 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2019-06-13 DOI: 10.24035/IJIT.15.2019.003
Chatthida Yukhong, Thongchai Phuwanatwichit, Charin Mangkhang, A. Sarobol
The socialization concept is a part of concept that causes the people or citizens to have the characteristics needed by the community or society. The school is an important institution of socialization through educational managements by creating a learning processes aimed at changing human behaviors and attitudes into the planned valuable and desirable directions. In addition, educational managements have created the foundations of ways of thinking, actions or interactions involving individuals and their societies. Therefore, if there is a proper education or socialization process, it will lead to quality of education and citizenship. This article originated from reviewing relevant documents by reviewing socialization concepts and educational management developments of Muslims through private Islamic schools in the southern border provinces of Thailand before 1961 until the present. It reflects the developments of socialization in order to create a Muslim citizenship and the socialization processes to be in line with the government educational management policies. But at the same time, the socialization processes also maintain the identity of the Muslims in Thailand.
社会化观念是使人或公民具有社区或社会所需要的特征的观念的一部分。学校是一个重要的社会化机构,通过教育管理创造一个学习过程,旨在改变人类的行为和态度,使其朝着计划的有价值的和可取的方向发展。此外,教育管理创造了涉及个人及其社会的思维方式、行动或互动方式的基础。因此,如果有一个适当的教育或社会化过程,它将导致教育质量和公民身份。本文在查阅相关文献的基础上,回顾了1961年至今泰国南部边境省份穆斯林通过私立伊斯兰学校的社会化理念和教育管理发展。它既反映了为塑造穆斯林公民而进行的社会化进程,也反映了与政府教育管理政策相适应的社会化进程。但与此同时,社会化过程也维持着泰国穆斯林的身份认同。
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引用次数: 3
Isu-Isu Pluralisme Agama dalam Tuntutan Comango: Satu Analisis Terhadap Laporan 2013 dan 2018
IF 0.4 0 RELIGION Pub Date : 2019-06-13 DOI: 10.24035/IJIT.15.2019.004
Earnie Elmie Hilmi, Kamarudin Salleh, Nur Rafiqah Abdul Rahman
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引用次数: 1
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International Journal of Islamic Thought
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