Pub Date : 2016-07-01DOI: 10.5958/2249-7137.2016.00027.6
Dr. Santosh Suryawanshi, Kasabe D.S
The main objective of research paper are to examine the agriculture finance infrastructures in solapur district and to examine the growth of agriculture finance in solapur District. This research paper are based on secondary data, the relevant data has been taken from various issue of Soci-economics survey of solapur district and state level banker committee Maharashtra, Lead Bank Office solapur. The total number of public sector bank in the district is 214 in 2014, thus 85 (39.72 percent) are working in the rural area, 63(29.44) and 66(30.84) percent in semiurban and urban areas respectively. Moreover 38 number of private sector banks branches are working in the district, thus 14(36.84%) in rural area, 12(31.58%) and 12(31.58%) in semi urban and urban respectively. Component growth rate of agriculture advance of commercial banks (24.67), regional rural bank (30.62) district cooperative bank 4.72 and lastly total agriculture advance component growth rate are 16.41 percent during 2006 to 2014.
{"title":"Growth of Agriculture Financein Solapurdistrict of Maharashtra State","authors":"Dr. Santosh Suryawanshi, Kasabe D.S","doi":"10.5958/2249-7137.2016.00027.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5958/2249-7137.2016.00027.6","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of research paper are to examine the agriculture finance infrastructures in solapur district and to examine the growth of agriculture finance in solapur District. This research paper are based on secondary data, the relevant data has been taken from various issue of Soci-economics survey of solapur district and state level banker committee Maharashtra, Lead Bank Office solapur. The total number of public sector bank in the district is 214 in 2014, thus 85 (39.72 percent) are working in the rural area, 63(29.44) and 66(30.84) percent in semiurban and urban areas respectively. Moreover 38 number of private sector banks branches are working in the district, thus 14(36.84%) in rural area, 12(31.58%) and 12(31.58%) in semi urban and urban respectively. Component growth rate of agriculture advance of commercial banks (24.67), regional rural bank (30.62) district cooperative bank 4.72 and lastly total agriculture advance component growth rate are 16.41 percent during 2006 to 2014.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128311583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to many researches, decoupled CAP subsidies capitalised on land prices. Most studies on land prices carried out in Europe relate to the SPS system and marginal changes in land values are noted as a result of the subsidising of agriculture. In the SAPS system, used in the new EU-12 Member States, these issues have not been sufficiently investigated. An attempt is made to fill these gaps by studying the drivers of land values in a leading agricultural region of Poland based on a sample of 653 transactions from 2010-2013. The aim is to establish what land use values, amenities and payments for public goods contribute to land values in the SAPS system. The hypothesis is proposed that the key factors for land value are location-specific factors identified according to the economic functions of a given area. Thus, four log-linear models of hedonic regression are estimated (using GLS) for different types of rural areas. The models employ both parcel-level attributes and agricultural policy variables. Results include the observation that single area payments contribute now to land value mainly in the peripheral areas and payments for public goods under SAPS decapitalize the value of land, because they do not compensate for the opportunity costs related to alternative ways of deriving rent from the land.
{"title":"Drivers of Agricultural Land Prices in Terms of Different Functions of Rural Areas in Poland","authors":"B. Czyżewski, R. Trojanek","doi":"10.30858/ZER/83059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30858/ZER/83059","url":null,"abstract":"According to many researches, decoupled CAP subsidies capitalised on land prices. Most studies on land prices carried out in Europe relate to the SPS system and marginal changes in land values are noted as a result of the subsidising of agriculture. In the SAPS system, used in the new EU-12 Member States, these issues have not been sufficiently investigated. An attempt is made to fill these gaps by studying the drivers of land values in a leading agricultural region of Poland based on a sample of 653 transactions from 2010-2013. The aim is to establish what land use values, amenities and payments for public goods contribute to land values in the SAPS system. The hypothesis is proposed that the key factors for land value are location-specific factors identified according to the economic functions of a given area. Thus, four log-linear models of hedonic regression are estimated (using GLS) for different types of rural areas. The models employ both parcel-level attributes and agricultural policy variables. Results include the observation that single area payments contribute now to land value mainly in the peripheral areas and payments for public goods under SAPS decapitalize the value of land, because they do not compensate for the opportunity costs related to alternative ways of deriving rent from the land.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128870705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We design a choice experiment comparing policies that reduce agricultural nutrient pollution and harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie and administer it to Ohio residents using an online survey panel. We compare two treatments that have been found to mitigate hypothetical bias, cheap talk and honesty priming. We find greater sensitivity to price among respondents during choices made immediately following the cheap talk intervention. As additional choices are made, price sensitivity diminishes and eventually matches that of respondents in the control treatment. We find this effect in both our online choice experiments and among respondents to face-to-face choice experiments conducted by de-Magistris, Gracia and Nayga (2013, DNG). Our online implementation of an honesty priming intervention yields no significant change in price sensitivity compared to a control. While DGN (2013) implement an honesty priming intervention that fully mitigates hypothetical bias in a face-to-face setting, we show this effect is also transient, and in later choice exercises we cannot reject the null hypothesis of equality between honesty priming and the control. Our results suggest additional work is required to adapt priming interventions for online settings and to extend the effectiveness of popular hypothetical bias mitigation techniques when respondents face multiple choice tasks.
{"title":"Hypothetical Bias Mitigation in Choice Experiments: Effectiveness of Cheap Talk and Honesty Priming Fade with Repeated Choices","authors":"Gregory Howard, B. Roe, E. Nisbet, Jay F. Martin","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2697573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2697573","url":null,"abstract":"We design a choice experiment comparing policies that reduce agricultural nutrient pollution and harmful algal blooms in Lake Erie and administer it to Ohio residents using an online survey panel. We compare two treatments that have been found to mitigate hypothetical bias, cheap talk and honesty priming. We find greater sensitivity to price among respondents during choices made immediately following the cheap talk intervention. As additional choices are made, price sensitivity diminishes and eventually matches that of respondents in the control treatment. We find this effect in both our online choice experiments and among respondents to face-to-face choice experiments conducted by de-Magistris, Gracia and Nayga (2013, DNG). Our online implementation of an honesty priming intervention yields no significant change in price sensitivity compared to a control. While DGN (2013) implement an honesty priming intervention that fully mitigates hypothetical bias in a face-to-face setting, we show this effect is also transient, and in later choice exercises we cannot reject the null hypothesis of equality between honesty priming and the control. Our results suggest additional work is required to adapt priming interventions for online settings and to extend the effectiveness of popular hypothetical bias mitigation techniques when respondents face multiple choice tasks.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133402405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Farmer-owned processing cooperatives are common in agricultural industries, but they differ from standard profit maximizing firms. The farmers who supply a cooperative are also the shareholders and a cooperative aims to maximize the overall return to its suppliers. So the presence of a cooperative can alter both market pricing and structure.In this paper, we develop a simple model to analyze the market impact of a farmer cooperative. We show how a cooperative can intensify the competition between processors for farmers' produce and benefit all farmers, including those who do not supply the cooperative. If, however, the presence of a cooperative changes industry structure, then the effect of a cooperative on farmers is ambiguous -- some farmers gain while others lose. The potential for farmers to free ride on a cooperative raises the possibility of market instability, where a cooperative is desirable overall to farmers, but the cooperative's shareholders may find it in their own interest to 'sell out' to a for-profit processor. We show that the market has two stable outcomes, one where there are only profit maximizing processors, and a second where a cooperative coexists with profit maximizing processors.
{"title":"Farmer Cooperatives and Competition: Who Wins, Who Loses and Why?","authors":"B. Carney, David Haines, Stephen P. King","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2673396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2673396","url":null,"abstract":"Farmer-owned processing cooperatives are common in agricultural industries, but they differ from standard profit maximizing firms. The farmers who supply a cooperative are also the shareholders and a cooperative aims to maximize the overall return to its suppliers. So the presence of a cooperative can alter both market pricing and structure.In this paper, we develop a simple model to analyze the market impact of a farmer cooperative. We show how a cooperative can intensify the competition between processors for farmers' produce and benefit all farmers, including those who do not supply the cooperative. If, however, the presence of a cooperative changes industry structure, then the effect of a cooperative on farmers is ambiguous -- some farmers gain while others lose. The potential for farmers to free ride on a cooperative raises the possibility of market instability, where a cooperative is desirable overall to farmers, but the cooperative's shareholders may find it in their own interest to 'sell out' to a for-profit processor. We show that the market has two stable outcomes, one where there are only profit maximizing processors, and a second where a cooperative coexists with profit maximizing processors.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127558231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rural regeneration is usually accompanied by diversifi cation of the economy and creation of new employment opportunities. The cluster concept, introduced by Michael Porter at the beginning of the 1990s, and cluster initiatives are generally and uncritically offered as an adequate tool for the fulfi lment of these objectives. This study describes the functioning of four tourism cluster initiatives from rural areas of Slovakia using the experience and knowledge from fi eld work (supported by content analysis of newspapers and the Internet) and their (in)direct impact on selected regional indicators (net migration of population, number of tourists, overnight stays and unemployed persons). The data indicate the efforts of the tourism cluster founders in the initial years of activity are not automatically associated with broadly interpreted local and regional success. This result shows that cluster initiatives in tourism are not appropriate for all rural areas, economies and/or communities.
{"title":"Tourism, Cluster Initiatives, and Rural Development in Slovakia","authors":"V. Székely","doi":"10.7896/J.1409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7896/J.1409","url":null,"abstract":"Rural regeneration is usually accompanied by diversifi cation of the economy and creation of new employment opportunities. The cluster concept, introduced by Michael Porter at the beginning of the 1990s, and cluster initiatives are generally and uncritically offered as an adequate tool for the fulfi lment of these objectives. This study describes the functioning of four tourism cluster initiatives from rural areas of Slovakia using the experience and knowledge from fi eld work (supported by content analysis of newspapers and the Internet) and their (in)direct impact on selected regional indicators (net migration of population, number of tourists, overnight stays and unemployed persons). The data indicate the efforts of the tourism cluster founders in the initial years of activity are not automatically associated with broadly interpreted local and regional success. This result shows that cluster initiatives in tourism are not appropriate for all rural areas, economies and/or communities.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124894419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We found that while chat commercialization is market and culture driven; joint commercialization is state driven. The most important factor to promote commercialization is promotion of none rain water. Commercialization while increasing income by more than two fold is not able to improve over all family consumption and wealth except access to aluminum roofed house. But commercialization is able to lead to more saving in form of cash among commercial farmers. Most importantly commercialization is observed to reduce the power of female in family though not in way expected in theory. Its effect on technical efficiency was not conclusive given the methodological problems. The best conclusion we can give on this issues is commercialization will improve efficiency of teff and sorghum but not all stable crops, in which it is possible it could have negative effect.
{"title":"Commercialization of Small Scale Agriculture: Cash Crop Production Effect on Household Welfare, Technical Efficiency and Power Relation of the Family in the Case of Were Baye Tabia of Raya Azebo District in Southern Tigray","authors":"Taddese Mezgebo, M. Tesfay, Dr. Tewelde Ghrmay","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2437303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2437303","url":null,"abstract":"We found that while chat commercialization is market and culture driven; joint commercialization is state driven. The most important factor to promote commercialization is promotion of none rain water. Commercialization while increasing income by more than two fold is not able to improve over all family consumption and wealth except access to aluminum roofed house. But commercialization is able to lead to more saving in form of cash among commercial farmers. Most importantly commercialization is observed to reduce the power of female in family though not in way expected in theory. Its effect on technical efficiency was not conclusive given the methodological problems. The best conclusion we can give on this issues is commercialization will improve efficiency of teff and sorghum but not all stable crops, in which it is possible it could have negative effect.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128938162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Earned Income Tax Credit is unique among social programs in that benefits are not paid out evenly across the calendar year. We exploit this feature of the EITC to investigate how the credit influences the food expenditure patterns of eligible households. We find that eligible households spend relatively more on healthy items including fresh fruit and vegetables, meat and poultry, and dairy products during the months when most refunds are paid.
{"title":"The Earned Income Tax Credit and Food Consumption Patterns","authors":"L. McGranahan, D. Schanzenbach","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2366846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2366846","url":null,"abstract":"The Earned Income Tax Credit is unique among social programs in that benefits are not paid out evenly across the calendar year. We exploit this feature of the EITC to investigate how the credit influences the food expenditure patterns of eligible households. We find that eligible households spend relatively more on healthy items including fresh fruit and vegetables, meat and poultry, and dairy products during the months when most refunds are paid.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126257089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We found that while chat commercialization is market and culture driven; joint commercialization is state driven. The most important factor to promote commercialization is promotion of none rain water. Commercialization while increasing income by more than two fold is not able to improve over all family consumption and wealth except access to aluminum roofed house. But commercialization is able to lead to more saving in form of cash among commercial farmers. Most importantly commercialization is observed to reduce the power of female in family though not in way expected in theory. Its effect on technical efficiency was not conclusive given the methodological problems. The best conclusion we can give on this issues is commercialization will improve efficiency of teff and sorghum but not all stable crops, in which it is possible it could have negative effect.
{"title":"Commercialization of Small Scale Agriculture (Extended Version): Its Effect on Household Welfare, Technical Efficiency and Power Relation of the Family in the Case of Were Baye Tabia of Raya Azebo District in Southern Tigray","authors":"Taddese Mezgebo, M. Tesfay, Dr. Tewelde Ghrmay","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2838265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2838265","url":null,"abstract":"We found that while chat commercialization is market and culture driven; joint commercialization is state driven. The most important factor to promote commercialization is promotion of none rain water. Commercialization while increasing income by more than two fold is not able to improve over all family consumption and wealth except access to aluminum roofed house. But commercialization is able to lead to more saving in form of cash among commercial farmers. Most importantly commercialization is observed to reduce the power of female in family though not in way expected in theory. Its effect on technical efficiency was not conclusive given the methodological problems. The best conclusion we can give on this issues is commercialization will improve efficiency of teff and sorghum but not all stable crops, in which it is possible it could have negative effect.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123736317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joachim von Braun, Nicolas Gerber, A. Mirzabaev, E. Nkonya
Healthy soils are essential for sustaining economies and human livelihoods. In spite of this, the key ecosystem services provided by soils have usually been taken for granted and their true value – beyond market value – is being underrated. This pattern of undervaluation of soils is about to change in view of rapidly raising land prices, which is the result of increased shortage of land and raising output prices that drive implicit prices of land (with access to water) upward. Moreover, the value of soil related ecosystems services is being better understood and increasingly valued.It is estimated that about a quarter of global land area is degraded, affecting about 1.5 billion people in all agro-ecologies around the world. Land degradation has its highest toll on the livelihoods and well-being of the poorest households in the rural areas of developing countries. Vicious circles of poverty and land degradation, as well as transmission effects from rural poverty and food insecurity to national economies, critically hamper their development process.Despite the need for preventing and reversing land degradation, the problem has yet to be appropriately addressed. Policy action for sustainable land use is lacking, and a policy framework for action is missing. Key objectives of this Issue Paper and of a proposed related global assessment of the Economics of Land Degradation (ELD) are: first, to raise awareness about the need for and role of an assessment of the economic, social and environmental costs of land degradation; and second, to propose and illustrate a scientific framework to conduct such an assessment, based on the costs of action versus inaction against land degradation. Preliminary findings suggest that the costs of inaction are much higher than the costs of action.
{"title":"The Economics of Land Degradation","authors":"Joachim von Braun, Nicolas Gerber, A. Mirzabaev, E. Nkonya","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2237977","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2237977","url":null,"abstract":"Healthy soils are essential for sustaining economies and human livelihoods. In spite of this, the key ecosystem services provided by soils have usually been taken for granted and their true value – beyond market value – is being underrated. This pattern of undervaluation of soils is about to change in view of rapidly raising land prices, which is the result of increased shortage of land and raising output prices that drive implicit prices of land (with access to water) upward. Moreover, the value of soil related ecosystems services is being better understood and increasingly valued.It is estimated that about a quarter of global land area is degraded, affecting about 1.5 billion people in all agro-ecologies around the world. Land degradation has its highest toll on the livelihoods and well-being of the poorest households in the rural areas of developing countries. Vicious circles of poverty and land degradation, as well as transmission effects from rural poverty and food insecurity to national economies, critically hamper their development process.Despite the need for preventing and reversing land degradation, the problem has yet to be appropriately addressed. Policy action for sustainable land use is lacking, and a policy framework for action is missing. Key objectives of this Issue Paper and of a proposed related global assessment of the Economics of Land Degradation (ELD) are: first, to raise awareness about the need for and role of an assessment of the economic, social and environmental costs of land degradation; and second, to propose and illustrate a scientific framework to conduct such an assessment, based on the costs of action versus inaction against land degradation. Preliminary findings suggest that the costs of inaction are much higher than the costs of action.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133931295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is not an exaggeration to surmise that agriculture as an economic activity in Sudan is facing demise. The agricultural sector of Sudan has been facing by many problems for the past two decades. In the irrigated schemes, the government who officially owns most of them there were entrenched managerial problems that brewed for more than six decades. Moreover, the privatization policies of those schemes provoked many outcries and protests and undeclared strikes manifested in non-productivism or walk out. Large schemes like Gezira have collapsed with the predation of its infrastructure, i.e., inner railways, crops processing plants, irrigation and machinery departments. This year 2012, only 10% of its over one million hectares were cultivated. The rainfed farming is not different in the characteristic low productivity with lack of machinery, shortages of available labor and high priced agricultural inputs. It is did not fare better fate than the irrigated schemes. However, even if those problems were solved the main chronic impediment remains which are manifested in appropriate financing, e.g., lower interest rates, availability and accessibility which remain unsolved. The paper discusses the formal financing issues for the agriculture in Sudan. Empirical analysis is carried out which showed that there are problems in the previously described parameters, interest rates, availability and accessibility. The first, even with Islamic financing forms, there were high interest rates on loans. The second, availability showed that the current financing institutions have problems, specially financing with the banking branches and possible collaterals. Accessibility to finance remains a difficult task, because after the privatization and desertion of the official administration and finance, only large-size landholders have the privilege.
{"title":"Financing Institutions and the Demise of the Sudanese Agricultural Sector","authors":"Issam A.W. Mohamed","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2025215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2025215","url":null,"abstract":"It is not an exaggeration to surmise that agriculture as an economic activity in Sudan is facing demise. The agricultural sector of Sudan has been facing by many problems for the past two decades. In the irrigated schemes, the government who officially owns most of them there were entrenched managerial problems that brewed for more than six decades. Moreover, the privatization policies of those schemes provoked many outcries and protests and undeclared strikes manifested in non-productivism or walk out. Large schemes like Gezira have collapsed with the predation of its infrastructure, i.e., inner railways, crops processing plants, irrigation and machinery departments. This year 2012, only 10% of its over one million hectares were cultivated. The rainfed farming is not different in the characteristic low productivity with lack of machinery, shortages of available labor and high priced agricultural inputs. It is did not fare better fate than the irrigated schemes. However, even if those problems were solved the main chronic impediment remains which are manifested in appropriate financing, e.g., lower interest rates, availability and accessibility which remain unsolved. The paper discusses the formal financing issues for the agriculture in Sudan. Empirical analysis is carried out which showed that there are problems in the previously described parameters, interest rates, availability and accessibility. The first, even with Islamic financing forms, there were high interest rates on loans. The second, availability showed that the current financing institutions have problems, specially financing with the banking branches and possible collaterals. Accessibility to finance remains a difficult task, because after the privatization and desertion of the official administration and finance, only large-size landholders have the privilege.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115201912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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