François B. Van Schalkwyk, A. Andrason, Gustavo Magalhães
The literature on data and economic rights is not vast. This is primarily because rights advocates and researchers have paid more attention to the relationship between data and privacy than between data and economic rights. In this paper we review the literature that is available with an inevitable over-reliance of certain contributions because of the paucity of directly relevant literature. We choose to focus on the application of data rights in the agricultural sector because of both the perceived value of data to farmers and, in the case of the majority of farmers in developing countries, their vulnerable position in relation to other actors in the system.
{"title":"A New Harvest: A Review of the Literature on Data Ownership Focusing on the Agricultural Sector","authors":"François B. Van Schalkwyk, A. Andrason, Gustavo Magalhães","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3379530","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3379530","url":null,"abstract":"The literature on data and economic rights is not vast. This is primarily because rights advocates and researchers have paid more attention to the relationship between data and privacy than between data and economic rights. In this paper we review the literature that is available with an inevitable over-reliance of certain contributions because of the paucity of directly relevant literature. We choose to focus on the application of data rights in the agricultural sector because of both the perceived value of data to farmers and, in the case of the majority of farmers in developing countries, their vulnerable position in relation to other actors in the system.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113984382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Financing frictions may create a misallocation of assets in a market, thus depressing output, productivity, and asset values. This paper empirically explores how liquidity shocks generate a reallocation that diminishes this misallocation. Using a unique data set of agricultural outcomes, I explore how farmers respond to a relaxation of financial constraints through a liquidity shock unrelated to farming fundamentals, namely exogenous cash inflows caused by an expansion of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) leases. Farmers experiencing positive cash flow shocks increase their land purchases, which results in a reallocation effect. Examining purchases across areas, I find that farmers in high-productivity areas who receive cash flow shocks buy farmland in low-productivity areas, but farmers in low-productivity areas receiving positive cash flow shocks do not. Moreover, farmers increase their purchases of vacant (undeveloped) land. Average output, productivity, equipment investment, and profits all increase significantly following these positive cash flow shocks. Farmland prices also rise significantly, consistent with a cash-in-the-market pricing effect. These effects are consistent with an efficient reallocation of land toward more productive users. This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance. Funding: This work was supported by the Kritzman and Gorman Research Fund Grant. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4602 .
融资摩擦可能造成市场上资产的错配，从而抑制产出、生产率和资产价值。本文从实证角度探讨了流动性冲击如何产生减少这种错配的再配置。利用一组独特的农业结果数据，我探讨了农民如何通过与农业基本面无关的流动性冲击来应对金融约束的放松，即由水力压裂(水力压裂)租赁扩张引起的外源性现金流入。经历正现金流冲击的农民增加了土地购买，这导致了再分配效应。通过考察不同地区的购买情况，我发现在高生产率地区受到现金流冲击的农民会购买低生产率地区的农田，而在低生产率地区受到正现金流冲击的农民则不会购买。此外，农民增加了对空置(未开发)土地的购买。在这些正现金流冲击之后，平均产出、生产率、设备投资和利润都显著增加。农田价格也大幅上涨，与市场现金定价效应一致。这些影响与有效地将土地重新分配给生产力更高的用户是一致的。这篇论文被财经的泰勒·沙姆威接受了。资助:本研究由Kritzman and Gorman研究基金资助。补充材料:在线附录可在https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4602上获得。
{"title":"Liquidity Windfalls and Reallocation: Evidence from Farming and Fracking","authors":"Richard T. Thakor","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2891409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2891409","url":null,"abstract":"Financing frictions may create a misallocation of assets in a market, thus depressing output, productivity, and asset values. This paper empirically explores how liquidity shocks generate a reallocation that diminishes this misallocation. Using a unique data set of agricultural outcomes, I explore how farmers respond to a relaxation of financial constraints through a liquidity shock unrelated to farming fundamentals, namely exogenous cash inflows caused by an expansion of hydraulic fracturing (fracking) leases. Farmers experiencing positive cash flow shocks increase their land purchases, which results in a reallocation effect. Examining purchases across areas, I find that farmers in high-productivity areas who receive cash flow shocks buy farmland in low-productivity areas, but farmers in low-productivity areas receiving positive cash flow shocks do not. Moreover, farmers increase their purchases of vacant (undeveloped) land. Average output, productivity, equipment investment, and profits all increase significantly following these positive cash flow shocks. Farmland prices also rise significantly, consistent with a cash-in-the-market pricing effect. These effects are consistent with an efficient reallocation of land toward more productive users. This paper was accepted by Tyler Shumway, finance. Funding: This work was supported by the Kritzman and Gorman Research Fund Grant. Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4602 .","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121370502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The contemporary agriculture is among the most risky economic activities. In addition to the previously known production, price and market risk, and later also the financial risk, today agricultural producers are increasingly more often confronted with institutional risk and personnel management risk and risk related to climate change. On the other hand, farmers have at their disposal numerous tools and strategies to counteract threats and mitigate their negative effects. Among these risk management instruments and strategies, traditional/ conventional insurance of crops, livestock and tangible assets is still important. In this context, the basic goal of the article is to generalise the theoretical foundations of the above-mentioned insurance, but limited to their historically oldest approach; hence on the basis of neoclassical microeconomics and classical decision theory. According to the convention existing, the essence of the theory/hypothesis of the expected utility of von Neumann–Morgenstern is first analysed. In the last part of the article, the assumptions of the expected utility theory are concretised on the example of agricultural insurance.
{"title":"Neoclassical Approach to Traditional Business Insurance – Introduction to the Theory of Agricultural Insurance","authors":"J. Kulawik","doi":"10.30858/zer/89614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30858/zer/89614","url":null,"abstract":"The contemporary agriculture is among the most risky economic activities. In addition to the previously known production, price and market risk, and later also the financial risk, today agricultural producers are increasingly more often confronted with institutional risk and personnel management risk and risk related to climate change. On the other hand, farmers have at their disposal numerous tools and strategies to counteract threats and mitigate their negative effects. Among these risk management instruments and strategies, traditional/ conventional insurance of crops, livestock and tangible assets is still important. In this context, the basic goal of the article is to generalise the theoretical foundations of the above-mentioned insurance, but limited to their historically oldest approach; hence on the basis of neoclassical microeconomics and classical decision theory. According to the convention existing, the essence of the theory/hypothesis of the expected utility of von Neumann–Morgenstern is first analysed. In the last part of the article, the assumptions of the expected utility theory are concretised on the example of agricultural insurance.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126657970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The majority of rural Indian households remain dependent on unreliable, inefficient and harmful household energy technologies. Rural households make their energy decisions with respect to the Water-Energy-Food security (WEF) Nexus jointly, however, previous research initiatives have analyzed household energy access problem in isolation. By analyzing household’s activities and its interactions with other households, this paper identified the factors that impact household’s transition to modern energies of different kinds. For the analysis, it utilized logit and zoib (zero-one-inflated beta) regression techniques on the household survey data set from the Uttar Pradesh province of India. The results showed that regular non-agricultural income of household’s male member increases the probability of household’s modern cooking energy and modern lighting transition by 8.6% and 13.6%, respectively. It was found that household’s higher agricultural dependence and resource endowments (more labor and cattle) lead to higher share of traditional bioenergy consumption in the total cooking energy mix. Proximity to markets and high household income were observed to positively influence household modern cooking and lighting transition. Local institutions such as local bio-energy markets and barter trade for labor- bioenergy was observed to have significant influence on household energy choice. Results also showed that government’s policy instrument such as household connection to government LPG scheme is associated with 20.5% increased probability of household using modern cooking energy as its primary cooking fuel. Results also indicated that social factors such as higher female education and young age of household head are associated with household’s increased modern cooking energy consumption in its total cooking energy mix.
{"title":"Determinants of Household's Modern Cooking and Lighting Energy Transition in Rural India- Exploring Household's Activities and Its Interactions with Other Households","authors":"","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3161908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3161908","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of rural Indian households remain dependent on unreliable, inefficient and harmful household energy technologies. Rural households make their energy decisions with respect to the Water-Energy-Food security (WEF) Nexus jointly, however, previous research initiatives have analyzed household energy access problem in isolation. By analyzing household’s activities and its interactions with other households, this paper identified the factors that impact household’s transition to modern energies of different kinds. For the analysis, it utilized logit and zoib (zero-one-inflated beta) regression techniques on the household survey data set from the Uttar Pradesh province of India. The results showed that regular non-agricultural income of household’s male member increases the probability of household’s modern cooking energy and modern lighting transition by 8.6% and 13.6%, respectively. It was found that household’s higher agricultural dependence and resource endowments (more labor and cattle) lead to higher share of traditional bioenergy consumption in the total cooking energy mix. Proximity to markets and high household income were observed to positively influence household modern cooking and lighting transition. Local institutions such as local bio-energy markets and barter trade for labor- bioenergy was observed to have significant influence on household energy choice. Results also showed that government’s policy instrument such as household connection to government LPG scheme is associated with 20.5% increased probability of household using modern cooking energy as its primary cooking fuel. Results also indicated that social factors such as higher female education and young age of household head are associated with household’s increased modern cooking energy consumption in its total cooking energy mix.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115297449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Youths can make their constructive contribution to national development and through which society can benefit from the idealism and the sense of dedication of youth at the same time, they also get benefitted from their active participation in development activities, since such participation increases their self esteem, gives them a sense of identity. India has rich rural youth potential. The population of rural youth in developmental activities contribute to national development. Several studies confirm that there exist shifting patterns in the occupation of rural youth from agriculture to other nonfarm activities. A study was taken up “To measure the impact of the shift from agriculture to other nonfarm occupation in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu”. Hence, in this study an analysis was made in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu with 120 sample rural youth respondents. Nearly 80.83 per cent of the rural youth expressed that there is no much difference in the purchasing power due to shifting and their property acquisition also has slightly increased and 76.66 per cent expressed that there is no much change was observed.
{"title":"To Measure the Impact of Shift from Agriculture to Other Non Farm Occupation an Analysis in Coimbatore District of Tamil Nadu","authors":"P. Radhakrishnan, P. P. Murugan","doi":"10.24247/IJASRFEB201810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24247/IJASRFEB201810","url":null,"abstract":"Youths can make their constructive contribution to national development and through which society can benefit from the idealism and the sense of dedication of youth at the same time, they also get benefitted from their active participation in development activities, since such participation increases their self esteem, gives them a sense of identity. India has rich rural youth potential. The population of rural youth in developmental activities contribute to national development. Several studies confirm that there exist shifting patterns in the occupation of rural youth from agriculture to other nonfarm activities. A study was taken up “To measure the impact of the shift from agriculture to other nonfarm occupation in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu”. Hence, in this study an analysis was made in Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu with 120 sample rural youth respondents. Nearly 80.83 per cent of the rural youth expressed that there is no much difference in the purchasing power due to shifting and their property acquisition also has slightly increased and 76.66 per cent expressed that there is no much change was observed.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132496356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Italian Abstract: Questo contributo si propone di riformulare lo statuto “critico” del consumo, andando a ricercarne le tracce all’interno di modelli che da alternativi sono diventati mainstream. In particolare si intendono analizzare gli effetti generati da nuove value chains rispetto a un utente/consumatore più consapevole e proattivo. In altre parole: i mercati tradizionali stanno effettivamente rimodellando i loro processi produttivi e assetti governance per rispondere a esigenze, in senso lato “sociali”, dei propri pubblici di riferimento? E quale ruolo giocano in questo quadro evolutivo le organizzazioni dell’economia sociale e solidale che tradizionalmente hanno svolto un ruolo pionieristico a livello di advocacy e di innovazione di prodotto e processo? English Abstract: This paper aims at reframing the “critical” statute of consumption, delving into the models that from unconventional have become mainstream. In particular, the focus of the analysis is on the effects produced by the new value chains, which feature a more informed/proactive consumer. More specifically, the authors argue whether traditional markets are reshaping their productive processes and governance models to answer the “social” needs of their target publics. Moreover, they investigate the role of social and solidarity economy organizations in this evolving framework, highlighting their pioneering function and their advocacy role in product and process innovation.
{"title":"Il Riposizionamento dell’Economia Sociale e Solidale nei Modelli di Consumo della 'Grande Contrazione' (Repositioning Strategies of Social and Solidarity Economy in the Consumption Models of the 'Great Shrinkage')","authors":"A. Pirani, F. Zandonai","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3067929","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3067929","url":null,"abstract":"<b>Italian Abstract:</b> Questo contributo si propone di riformulare lo statuto “critico” del consumo, andando a ricercarne le tracce all’interno di modelli che da alternativi sono diventati mainstream. In particolare si intendono analizzare gli effetti generati da nuove value chains rispetto a un utente/consumatore più consapevole e proattivo. In altre parole: i mercati tradizionali stanno effettivamente rimodellando i loro processi produttivi e assetti governance per rispondere a esigenze, in senso lato “sociali”, dei propri pubblici di riferimento? E quale ruolo giocano in questo quadro evolutivo le organizzazioni dell’economia sociale e solidale che tradizionalmente hanno svolto un ruolo pionieristico a livello di advocacy e di innovazione di prodotto e processo? <b>English Abstract:</b> This paper aims at reframing the “critical” statute of consumption, delving into the models that from unconventional have become mainstream. In particular, the focus of the analysis is on the effects produced by the new value chains, which feature a more informed/proactive consumer. More specifically, the authors argue whether traditional markets are reshaping their productive processes and governance models to answer the “social” needs of their target publics. Moreover, they investigate the role of social and solidarity economy organizations in this evolving framework, highlighting their pioneering function and their advocacy role in product and process innovation.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125950733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The majority of the youth in Ethiopia live in rural areas where agriculture is the main source of livelihood. Using gender- and age-specific values of agricultural labor return (shadow wages), we systematically analyse trends, patterns and prospects of youth’s labor supply in agriculture across space (farm locations). We also analyse whether the household male and female youth members’ agricultural labor supply is responsive to economic incentives. We investigate these using shadow wages estimation techniques applied to farm-household panel data collected during the 2010/11 and 2014/15 agricultural seasons. The results indicate that trends and patterns of the youth’s involvement in agriculture vary across gender and farm work locations, and so do their labor returns. Yet the on-farm participation for youth members is declining across time irrespective of gender, whilst their participation in off-farm activities is increasing. The findings also suggest that changes in agricultural shadow wages matter for the youth’s involvement in the sector, but their impact differs for male and female youth. The results are consistent after controlling for individual heterogeneity, sample selection and instrumenting for possible endogeneity. In addition, we find that youth’s intentions and actual engagement in agricultural production vary greatly. This suggests that the frequent narrative of youth disengaging from agriculture may be a result of methodological flaws or data limitations. Taking into account the intensity of the youth’s involvement in family farm, own farm and off-farm work, the results challenge the presumption that youth are abandoning agriculture, at least in agricultural potential areas of Ethiopia. Instead the youth’s involvement makes an important economic contribution to the operation of the family farm. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in agricultural development to enhance productivity and employment opportunities; and structural transformation that addresses the imperfections and rigidities in labor and other input markets to make agriculture more attractive to youth.
{"title":"Rural Shadow Wages and Youth Agricultural Labor Supply in Ethiopia: Evidence from Farm Panel Data","authors":"Takalign Sakketa, Nicolas Gerber","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2956283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2956283","url":null,"abstract":"The majority of the youth in Ethiopia live in rural areas where agriculture is the main source of livelihood. Using gender- and age-specific values of agricultural labor return (shadow wages), we systematically analyse trends, patterns and prospects of youth’s labor supply in agriculture across space (farm locations). We also analyse whether the household male and female youth members’ agricultural labor supply is responsive to economic incentives. We investigate these using shadow wages estimation techniques applied to farm-household panel data collected during the 2010/11 and 2014/15 agricultural seasons. The results indicate that trends and patterns of the youth’s involvement in agriculture vary across gender and farm work locations, and so do their labor returns. Yet the on-farm participation for youth members is declining across time irrespective of gender, whilst their participation in off-farm activities is increasing. The findings also suggest that changes in agricultural shadow wages matter for the youth’s involvement in the sector, but their impact differs for male and female youth. The results are consistent after controlling for individual heterogeneity, sample selection and instrumenting for possible endogeneity. In addition, we find that youth’s intentions and actual engagement in agricultural production vary greatly. This suggests that the frequent narrative of youth disengaging from agriculture may be a result of methodological flaws or data limitations. Taking into account the intensity of the youth’s involvement in family farm, own farm and off-farm work, the results challenge the presumption that youth are abandoning agriculture, at least in agricultural potential areas of Ethiopia. Instead the youth’s involvement makes an important economic contribution to the operation of the family farm. Therefore, it is necessary to invest in agricultural development to enhance productivity and employment opportunities; and structural transformation that addresses the imperfections and rigidities in labor and other input markets to make agriculture more attractive to youth.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124381243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of backflush accounting on financial performance with particular referenceto food and beverage firms. This study therefore, examines the effect of Backflush accountingon financial performanceof food and beverage firms quoted on Nigeria Stock Exchange from 2010 to 31stDecember 2015. The research designemployed in this study is the ex-post facto research. An ex-post facto research determines the cause-effect relationshipamong variables. Only secondary data was used in this study. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested in the courseof this study. The Statistical tools used to test the hypotheses were coefficient of correlation and ordinary least squareregressionwith the aid of STATA 13 statistical software. The study revealed that backflush accounting has a positive andstatistically significant effect on ROA, ROE, and EPS of food and beverage firms quoted on the floor of Nigerian StockExchange at 5% level of significance. The researchers recommend among others that manufacturing firms should try toenforce the use of emerging new trends in management accounting practice even though it might not be cost effective interms of staff training and cost of acquiring the technology, but the benefits outweighs the costs in the long run.
{"title":"Effect of Backflush Accounting on Financial Performance of Quoted Food and Beverage Firms in Nigeria","authors":"N. Amahalu, C. Nweze, Obi Chinyere","doi":"10.53555/eijbms.v3i1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijbms.v3i1.24","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study is to determine the effect of backflush accounting on financial performance with particular referenceto food and beverage firms. This study therefore, examines the effect of Backflush accountingon financial performanceof food and beverage firms quoted on Nigeria Stock Exchange from 2010 to 31stDecember 2015. The research designemployed in this study is the ex-post facto research. An ex-post facto research determines the cause-effect relationshipamong variables. Only secondary data was used in this study. Three hypotheses were formulated and tested in the courseof this study. The Statistical tools used to test the hypotheses were coefficient of correlation and ordinary least squareregressionwith the aid of STATA 13 statistical software. The study revealed that backflush accounting has a positive andstatistically significant effect on ROA, ROE, and EPS of food and beverage firms quoted on the floor of Nigerian StockExchange at 5% level of significance. The researchers recommend among others that manufacturing firms should try toenforce the use of emerging new trends in management accounting practice even though it might not be cost effective interms of staff training and cost of acquiring the technology, but the benefits outweighs the costs in the long run.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122059607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study, carried out in the state of Maharashtra during 2004-05, focuses on two cases of multipurpose cooperatives dealing mainly with the marketing of fruits but having their spectrum spread over various other marketing activities, including input and credit delivery. The synthesis of case studies shows multifarious reasons for their inefficient functioning and important among them revolve around lack of transport facility and trained staff, inefficient management, interference of private traders, excessive commission, repayment of loan, default rate, interest rate structure, attitude of private traders, lack of dedicated leadership, diversion of poor quality of produce by members, shortfall in procurement, etc. In fact, both the societies have shown poor grasp either in terms of studying the market forces or shown inefficiency because of their own internal drawbacks in terms of managing the societies or their own personal interests involved in the functioning of the society. The societies are unable to generate allies for lobbing to safeguard as well as promoting their own interests and the interests of their members. Since the existence of internal interest-cum-entrepreneurial group in providing a dedicated and efficient management stands very low, as the members of the board are reported to be self-centered with lack of motivation in terms of growth of the society, there has been adverse impact on the working of these societies. Further, because of lack of funds and losses incurred by the societies coupled with self-interests of the leaders, the member farmers are now diverting their produce to other private traders. This certainly has some adverse implications insofar as the functioning of these societies even in future is concerned. However, it is suggested that efforts should be made to rectify the deficiencies in the functioning of these cooperative societies dealing with the marketing of high value crops. Some remedial measures and strategies framed or initiated by these marketing societies, particularly in respect of recovery of their loan advances, will certainly improve their efficiency and functioning in future. Government support in this respect will have a catalytic effect in improving the overall efficacy and efficiency, as well as functioning, of various Primary Cooperative Marketing Societies (PCMS) operating in Maharashtra.
{"title":"Functional Bottlenecks of Multipurpose Cooperative Marketing Societies in India","authors":"D. Shah","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2885230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2885230","url":null,"abstract":"The present study, carried out in the state of Maharashtra during 2004-05, focuses on two cases of multipurpose cooperatives dealing mainly with the marketing of fruits but having their spectrum spread over various other marketing activities, including input and credit delivery. The synthesis of case studies shows multifarious reasons for their inefficient functioning and important among them revolve around lack of transport facility and trained staff, inefficient management, interference of private traders, excessive commission, repayment of loan, default rate, interest rate structure, attitude of private traders, lack of dedicated leadership, diversion of poor quality of produce by members, shortfall in procurement, etc. In fact, both the societies have shown poor grasp either in terms of studying the market forces or shown inefficiency because of their own internal drawbacks in terms of managing the societies or their own personal interests involved in the functioning of the society. The societies are unable to generate allies for lobbing to safeguard as well as promoting their own interests and the interests of their members. Since the existence of internal interest-cum-entrepreneurial group in providing a dedicated and efficient management stands very low, as the members of the board are reported to be self-centered with lack of motivation in terms of growth of the society, there has been adverse impact on the working of these societies. Further, because of lack of funds and losses incurred by the societies coupled with self-interests of the leaders, the member farmers are now diverting their produce to other private traders. This certainly has some adverse implications insofar as the functioning of these societies even in future is concerned. However, it is suggested that efforts should be made to rectify the deficiencies in the functioning of these cooperative societies dealing with the marketing of high value crops. Some remedial measures and strategies framed or initiated by these marketing societies, particularly in respect of recovery of their loan advances, will certainly improve their efficiency and functioning in future. Government support in this respect will have a catalytic effect in improving the overall efficacy and efficiency, as well as functioning, of various Primary Cooperative Marketing Societies (PCMS) operating in Maharashtra.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129926451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Price fluctuations in agricultural markets are an obstacle to poverty reduction for small-scale farmers in developing countries. We build a micro-foundation to study how farmers of heterogeneous production costs, under price fluctuations, make crop-planting decisions over time to maximize their incomes. We consider both strategic farmers, who rationally anticipate the near-future prices as a basis for making planting decisions, and naive farmers, who shortsightedly react to recent crop prices. The latter behavior may cause recurring over- or under-production, which leads to price fluctuations. We find it important to cultivate strategic farmers, because their self-interested behavior alone, made possible by sufficient market information, can reduce price volatility and benefit all farmers. Surprisingly, even a tiny number of strategic farmers may be enough to stabilize a market price. In the absence of strategic farmers, a well-designed pre-season procurement contract, offered by a non-profit or for-profit firm to a fraction of contract farmers, can bring benefit to all the farmers as well as to the firm itself and reduce income disparity among farmers. On the other hand, a poorly designed contract may distort the market and drive non-contract farmers out of business.
{"title":"Socially Beneficial Rationality: The Value of Strategic Farmers, Social Entrepreneurs and For-Profit Firms in Crop Planting Decisions","authors":"Ming Hu, Yan Liu, Wenbin Wang","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2847477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2847477","url":null,"abstract":"Price fluctuations in agricultural markets are an obstacle to poverty reduction for small-scale farmers in developing countries. We build a micro-foundation to study how farmers of heterogeneous production costs, under price fluctuations, make crop-planting decisions over time to maximize their incomes. We consider both strategic farmers, who rationally anticipate the near-future prices as a basis for making planting decisions, and naive farmers, who shortsightedly react to recent crop prices. The latter behavior may cause recurring over- or under-production, which leads to price fluctuations. We find it important to cultivate strategic farmers, because their self-interested behavior alone, made possible by sufficient market information, can reduce price volatility and benefit all farmers. Surprisingly, even a tiny number of strategic farmers may be enough to stabilize a market price. In the absence of strategic farmers, a well-designed pre-season procurement contract, offered by a non-profit or for-profit firm to a fraction of contract farmers, can bring benefit to all the farmers as well as to the firm itself and reduce income disparity among farmers. On the other hand, a poorly designed contract may distort the market and drive non-contract farmers out of business.","PeriodicalId":402954,"journal":{"name":"FoodSciRN: Other Agricultural Food Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129105726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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