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A Comparative Study of Urartian Jewelries of Urmia Museum, Iran 伊朗乌尔米娅博物馆乌尔蒂亚珠宝比较研究
IF 0.2 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu15.2022.306
M. Abbaszadeh, Obeydollah Sorkh Abi, Maryam Mastalizadeh, Samad Parvin
Urartu is one of the powers of the beginning of the first millennium B. C., which has been located in Turkey, Armenia and north-west of Iran, competing strongly with New Assyrian Empire and encountering to local government of Mannea, and has dominated on some parts of Urmia Lake. The presence of Urartu can be seen in architectural remains in areas like Bastam and Hasanlu. But, the cultural effect of this great power and its affection on physical remains, to comprehend the process of forming and completion of the region’s combined art works, has not been taken into account so much. However, in the Urmia Museum, there is a significant number of artifacts attributed to Urartu have not yet been introduced or studied.In the present study, aims to fill this gap, 31 artifacts including: strap, bracelet, necklace, rod and safety pin and tweezers were selected and documentedfrom the treasury of Urmia Museum. The results of this study can be used for more precise studies in the future aimed to determine factors affected forming of the style features of Urartian art and the Urartian artistic and cultural impression on the region’s culture and art during 7th and 8th centuries B. C., which has been obviously appeared in art works of Mannea territory.
乌拉尔图是公元前一千年开始的强国之一,位于土耳其、亚美尼亚和伊朗西北部,与新亚述帝国激烈竞争,与曼内亚当地政府相遇,并统治了乌尔米亚湖的部分地区。在Bastam和Hasanlu等地区的建筑遗迹中可以看到乌拉尔图的存在。但是,这个大国的文化影响及其对物理遗迹的影响,以理解该地区联合艺术作品的形成和完成过程,却没有得到如此多的考虑。然而,在乌尔米娅博物馆里,有相当数量的乌拉尔图文物尚未被介绍或研究。为了填补这一空白,本研究从乌尔米娅博物馆的宝库中挑选了31件文物,包括:皮带、手镯、项链、棒、安全别针和镊子。本研究结果可用于未来更精确的研究,旨在确定影响乌拉尔提亚艺术风格特征形成的因素,以及公元前7 - 8世纪乌拉尔提亚艺术文化对该地区文化艺术的影响,这在曼内亚地区的艺术作品中已经明显出现。
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引用次数: 0
“Malachite Rooms” of Villa San Donato: The Reconstruction of the Ensembles and the Attribution of the Pieces 圣多纳托别墅的“孔雀石房间”:合奏的重建和作品的归属
IF 0.2 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu15.2022.307
L. Budrina
Demidoff ’s villa San Donato near Florence, in the middle of the 19th century, was one of the most interesting phenomena of European artistic life. The richest collection, acquired by the two generations of the family and opened for the choice public at the end of the 1850s, was attractive not only for the curious tourist by also for the specialists in the history of art. This collection gives his influence for the collecting of the second half of the 19th century The total liquidation of the 1860s–1880s destroyed this ensemble. However, thanks to the sales catalogues, some detailed descriptions of the interiors of San Donato and the archive’s documents, unique pictures, it becomes possible to restore not only the list of this collection but to try to understand the taste of these collectors. At the end of the 1850s at the rooms of Villa San Donato was amassed one of the most important collections from Russian malachite. Those pieces reflected two main styles applied by European and Russian artists. One of the rooms was decorated by the pieces created in the first third of the 19th century in empire taste. The second interior, remarkable by the concentration of the malachite pieces realized in the middle 19th century was known only by a description completed by the malachite pieces in the second rococo taste. The decoration of this room was destroyed by the sales. However, the study of the descriptions of 1858 and 1864, archive documents, sale catalogues and previous research permit to reconstruct of the main elements of one of the main interiors of the Florentine villa of the Demidoff family and to talk about the very special taste of his members.
19世纪中叶,德米多夫在佛罗伦萨附近的圣多纳托别墅是欧洲艺术生活中最有趣的现象之一。这个家族两代人收藏的最丰富的藏品,在19世纪50年代末向公众开放,不仅吸引了好奇的游客,也吸引了艺术史上的专家。这批藏品对19世纪下半叶的收藏产生了影响。19世纪60年代至80年代的全面清算摧毁了这批藏品。然而,多亏了销售目录,对圣多纳托内部的一些详细描述以及档案馆的文件,独特的图片,不仅可以恢复这些收藏品的清单,还可以尝试了解这些收藏家的品味。19世纪50年代末,圣多纳托别墅的房间里聚集了俄罗斯孔雀石最重要的收藏品之一。这些作品反映了欧洲和俄罗斯艺术家的两种主要风格。其中一个房间装饰着19世纪前三分之一的帝国风格作品。第二个内部,在19世纪中期实现的孔雀石碎片的集中而引人注目,只有在第二次洛可可口味的孔雀石碎片完成的描述中才知道。这个房间的装饰被销售破坏了。然而,通过对1858年和1864年的描述、档案文件、销售目录和以前的研究,我们可以重建Demidoff家族佛罗伦萨别墅的主要内饰之一的主要元素,并谈论他的成员非常特殊的品味。
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引用次数: 0
“Mir ist so wunderbar”: Considering Opera Traditions Interaction in “Fidelio” by Beethoven (Modern Musicologists on the Quartet’s Genesis) “我是如此奇妙”:贝多芬《费德里奥》中歌剧传统的互动思考(现代音乐学家论四重奏《创世纪》)
IF 0.2 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu15.2022.110
A. A. Logunova
The canon in the first act of “Fidelio” was generally regarded as one of the best moments in the opera from the very beginning of its hard scenic life. While 19th century critics admired the quartet, scholars in the 20th century showed true scientific interest in this ensemble. This attention made Beethoven’s quartet one of the most famous canons in music. The article represents an attempt to summarize modern musicology’s views on the first act quartet of Beethoven’s “Fidelio”. On this basis in the paper are considered the reasons for including such composition in “Fidelio”, its stylistic background, and in general the origins of Viennese late 18th century’s practice of vocal and opera canons as the context for analysis of Beethoven’s quartet. The author lists operas of the Viennese repertoire 1780–1800 with canons (among them, operas by Martíny Soler, Salieri, Mozart, Paёr, and Cherubini) as hypothetical models for Beethoven and also traces the continuation of this tradition in Italian and Russian 19th century opera. Connection of the musical form of canon with ideas of the Enlightenment and figurative and meaningful interpretation of its pastoral tone is considered on the basis of works by Heinrich Schwab, Dorothea Link, and Larisa Kirillina. It is remarkable that the pastoral of the quartet allows a Christian interpretation that makes the “Benedictus” of “Fidelio” genuine. “Mir ist so wunderbar” is considered as an example of Beethoven’s contemplative lyric on the basis of experience of its philosophical-aesthetic comprehension, presented in Russian musicology. In the quartet, Leonore appears in the opera for the first time, and so this article accentuates the central role of this canon for understanding the main figure with all richness of her literary and mythological genealogy.
《费德里奥》第一幕的佳能从一开始就被普遍认为是这部歌剧最精彩的时刻之一。虽然19世纪的评论家对四重奏赞不绝口,但20世纪的学者对这个合奏团表现出了真正的科学兴趣。这种关注使贝多芬的四重奏成为音乐界最著名的经典之一。本文试图总结现代音乐学对贝多芬《费德里奥》第一幕四重奏的看法。在此基础上,本文考虑了在“Fidelio”中包含这种构图的原因,其风格背景,以及维也纳18世纪后期声乐和歌剧经典实践的总体起源,作为分析贝多芬四重奏的背景。作者列举了1780-1800年维也纳保留曲目中的歌剧(其中包括Martíny Soler,萨列里,莫扎特,Paёr和凯鲁比尼的歌剧)作为贝多芬的假设模型,并追溯了这一传统在19世纪意大利和俄罗斯歌剧中的延续。以海因里希·施瓦布、多萝西娅·林克和拉里萨·基里莉娜的作品为基础,探讨了正典音乐形式与启蒙思想的联系,以及对其田园音调的具象和有意义的解释。值得注意的是,四重奏的牧歌允许基督教的解释,使“菲德利奥”的“本尼迪克图斯”是真实的。根据俄国音乐学对贝多芬沉思抒情诗的哲学美学理解经验,《我是如此美好》被认为是贝多芬沉思抒情诗的典范。在四重奏中,列奥诺第一次出现在歌剧中,所以这篇文章强调了这个经典的核心作用,通过她丰富的文学和神话谱系来理解这个主要人物。
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引用次数: 0
The Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns and the Theory of Modernism 古今之争与现代主义理论
IF 0.2 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu15.2022.107
A. V. Rykov
This paper considers issues of convergence of classical and modernist art theories on the example of the so-called Quarrel of the Ancients and the Moderns at the turn of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The works of the main participants in this debate, Charles Perrault and Nicolas Boileau, are examined in the context of the theory of modernism and questions of the origin of modernist art. The aggravation of the contradictions between the two versions of the theory of classicism and, more broadly, the two concepts of modernity, led to the formation of new views on the nature of art in the era of late Louis XIV. The leader of the “Moderns,” Charles Perrault, became the founder of the rationalistic and scientistic theories of modernism, gravitating towards aestheticism, formalism, and semiotics of art. In this article, his theories are explored in connection with the modernist formalist discourse and theoretical work of Clement Greenberg. In addition, Charles Perrault’s theory of art is placed in the space of the theory of “aesthetic modernism” (aesthetic movement) and the theory of “art for art’s sake.” Particular attention is paid to the comparative characteristics of the texts of Charles Perrault, Oscar Wilde, and Julius Meier-Graefe. In turn, the works of the chief theoretician of the “ancients,” Nicolas Boileau, are studied in the context of ideas of the “conservative revolution.” From this perspective, the interpretation of the category of the sublime by Pseudo-Longinus, Boileau, and representatives of romantic culture is assessed. The author concludes that Nicola Boileau and Charles Perrault represent different equal branches of modernist discourse. At the same time, Charles Perrault managed not only to anticipate certain phenomena of the culture of modernism in his texts, but also to take important steps towards the contemporary scientific theory of art.
本文以十七、十八世纪之交所谓的“古今之争”为例,探讨古典与现代艺术理论的趋同问题。这场辩论的主要参与者查尔斯·佩罗和尼古拉斯·布瓦洛的作品,在现代主义理论和现代主义艺术起源问题的背景下进行了研究。古典主义理论的两种版本之间的矛盾的加剧,更广泛地说,现代性的两种概念之间的矛盾,导致路易十四晚期形成了关于艺术本质的新观点。“现代派”的领袖查尔斯·佩罗(Charles Perrault)成为现代主义理性主义和科学主义理论的创始人,他倾向于唯美主义、形式主义和艺术符号学。本文将他的理论与现代主义形式主义话语和克莱门特·格林伯格的理论工作联系起来进行探讨。此外,Charles Perrault的艺术理论被置于“审美现代主义”(审美运动)理论和“为艺术而艺术”理论的空间中。特别关注查尔斯·佩诺、奥斯卡·王尔德和朱利叶斯·迈尔-格雷夫文本的比较特征。反过来,“古人”的主要理论家尼古拉斯·布瓦洛的作品,是在“保守革命”思想的背景下研究的。从这个角度来评价伪朗吉努斯、布瓦洛等浪漫主义文化代表人物对崇高范畴的阐释。作者认为,尼古拉·布瓦洛和查尔斯·佩罗代表了现代主义话语的两个平等分支。与此同时,查尔斯·佩罗不仅在他的文本中预见了现代主义文化的某些现象,而且在当代艺术科学理论方面迈出了重要的一步。
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引用次数: 0
Mimesis as a Universal Principle of the Form Making 模仿性:形式创作的普遍原则
IF 0.2 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu15.2022.305
Irina O. Bembel
The stylistic method of revealing regularities, formed by the 19th century and dominating up until recently, proves to be ever less relevant to architectural and artistic processes of the Contemporary (Newest) times. To systemize the entire historical experience of architecture as a whole, more profound generalizations are required. An essential prerequisite for such generalizations appears to be the philosophical context of the paradigm shift: tradition — modernity — postmodernity. Without a clear understanding of all the differences between these paradigms, it is impossible to talk about the processes taking place in the architecture of the Contemporary times. The fundamental rejection of semantic binary oppositions (good/bad, beautiful/ugly, high/low, sacred/secular, etc.), typical for postmodernism, has entailed the issue of criteria for the value of art works, and consequently the criteria for art at large. The aim of this work is to demonstrate that the mimetic principle underlies the totality of the valuable qualities inherent in traditional architecture. And that, on the contrary, a gradual departure and subsequent factual rejection of this principle became one of the main reasons for both the emergence of the modern architecture phenomenon and its present crisis. The panoramic, holistic view of architectural development combined with the philosophical context of paradigmatic shift, allows not only to see the logic in the tortuous paths of the form making, but also gives the basis to build a system of universal criteria for architectural analysis.
揭示规律的风格方法,形成于19世纪,直到最近一直占主导地位,被证明与当代(最新)时代的建筑和艺术过程越来越不相关。为了将整个建筑的历史经验系统化,需要更深刻的概括。这种概括的必要前提似乎是范式转换的哲学背景:传统-现代性-后现代性。如果不清楚这些范式之间的所有差异,就不可能谈论当代建筑中发生的过程。对语义二元对立(好/坏、美/丑、高/低、神圣/世俗等)的根本拒绝,是后现代主义的典型特征,这涉及到艺术作品价值标准的问题,因此也涉及到整个艺术标准的问题。这项工作的目的是证明模仿原则是传统建筑固有的宝贵品质的基础。相反,对这一原则的逐渐背离和随后的实际拒绝,成为现代建筑现象出现和目前危机的主要原因之一。建筑发展的全景式、整体性视角与范式转换的哲学语境相结合,不仅可以看到形式形成的曲折路径中的逻辑,而且为构建建筑分析的通用标准体系提供了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Written and Pictorial Sources on the Architecture of Persia and Central Asia during the Era of Timur’s and Timurids’ Rule 帖木儿和帖木儿统治时期波斯和中亚建筑的文字和图片资料
IF 0.2 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu15.2022.409
A. Morozova, A. Daroudi
The article is devoted to the study of the most valuable source at the culture and architecture of Persia and Central Asia during the reign of Timur (late 14th — early 15th centuries) — the diary of the Spanish ambassador to the court of Timur. At this stage in the development of researching on the Persian and Central Asian architecture of the Timurid period, along with the problem of “analysis” of monuments and artistic style, the problem of “synthesis” of image of these architecture is urgent. The authors of this article propose a methodology for restoring the general impression of this architecture, which can serve as a basis for the process of “synthesis”, based on the study of the contemporary written source of the early 15th century — the diary of the Spanish grandee Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo, who was part of the Spanish embassy, sent by the Castilian king Enrice III to the court of Timur at 1403–1406. Being an educated man and receptive to the new, Clavijo was able to isolate the characteristic features of the worldview of a man of the East, primarily an oriental despot, and the associated features of the art of the East. He and his colleagues in the embassy drew attention to the cunning, treachery, ingenuity, secrecy of the eastern rulers. The Spaniards were struck by the luxury, power and wealth of Timur’s state, which at that time was at the zenith of glory. The Spaniards, accustomed to the stability of architectural images in their native Spain, were amazed at the variability of the artistic images of the East. They drew attention to the love of the representatives of the peoples of the East for free draperies, giving themselves to the will of the wind, in the temporary architecture and in festive women’s clothes, that by their nature were well consistent with the decoration of architectural buildings. The Spanish envoys revealed that subservient to the first and most faithful fresh impression, tenaciously grasping the main difference between the architecture of Timur’s state and contemporary European architecture. This difference consisted in the desire to create an image that is changing, diverse, fluid, mobile, not instantly solved and full of mystery, but at the same time striking the imagination with its luxury and wealth and according to the understanding of their masters, customers and spectators. The conclusion about the specifics of Timurid architecture, made on the basis of a study of the diary of the Spanish ambassador, is supported by the authors of the article turning to the analysis of written and pictorial sources created by representatives of the studied culture itself.
这篇文章致力于研究帖木儿统治时期(14世纪末至15世纪初)波斯和中亚文化和建筑的最有价值的来源——西班牙驻帖木儿宫廷大使的日记。在帖木儿时期波斯和中亚建筑研究发展的现阶段,伴随着纪念碑和艺术风格的“分析”问题,这些建筑形象的“综合”问题迫在眉睫。本文的作者提出了一种恢复该建筑总体印象的方法,该方法可以作为“综合”过程的基础,基于对15世纪早期当代书面资料的研究-西班牙大公Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo的日记,Ruy Gonzalez de Clavijo是西班牙大使馆的一部分,由卡斯蒂利亚国王恩利斯三世于1403-1406年派遣到帖木儿法院。作为一个受过教育、善于接受新事物的人,克拉维霍能够将一个东方人(主要是一个东方暴君)的世界观的特征与东方艺术的相关特征分离开来。他和他在大使馆的同事们让人们注意到东方统治者的狡猾、背叛、聪明和秘密。西班牙人被帖木儿国家的奢华、权力和财富所震撼,当时帖木儿正处于荣耀的顶峰。西班牙人习惯了本国建筑形象的稳定,对东方艺术形象的变化感到惊讶。他们提请注意东方人民的代表对免费窗帘的喜爱,这些窗帘在临时建筑和节日妇女的衣服上听任风的意志,它们的性质与建筑的装饰非常一致。西班牙使节透露,服从于第一个最忠实的新鲜印象,顽强地抓住帖木儿国家建筑与当代欧洲建筑之间的主要区别。这种差异在于希望创造一种不断变化、多样、流动、移动的形象,而不是立即解决和充满神秘感,但同时又以其奢华和财富来震撼想象力,并根据他们的主人、客户和观众的理解。关于帖木儿建筑特点的结论是在对西班牙大使日记的研究基础上得出的,这篇文章的作者转而分析了所研究文化本身的代表所创造的书面和图片资料,从而支持了这一结论。
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引用次数: 0
The Extant Heritage of Monastic Culture of the 17th Century. On the History of the Creation of the Sacristy in the Holy Trinity and St Alexander Nevsky Monastery 现存的17世纪修道院文化遗产。圣三位一体和圣亚历山大涅夫斯基修道院圣器室创建的历史
IF 0.2 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu15.2022.408
N. Pivovarova
The article analyzes the monuments of church antiquity, which were stored in the Sacristy of the Holy Trinity and St Alexander Nevsky Monastery. For the purpose to ascertain the structure of the Sacristy the author of article used the oldest inventory of 1724 year and later inventories of the 18th and 19th century. Basing on archival materials and several publications the author establishes the facts of delivery of icons and church plates from the church eparchies to St Petersburg since the first quarter of the 18th century. The subject of the special research is the church plates of the 17th century from the three monasteries: of the Our Lady on the Valday lake, of the Nativity of the Mother of God in Vladimir and the Dormition of Our Lady of Sumy. The author focuses on the issues of the origin and the circumstances of arrival to the Sacristy of the free sacred objects, such as the church cup of Patriarch Nikon (1652–1660), the pall on the tomb of St Alexander Nevsky (circa 1697) and the prayer Gospel book (1681). Attention is given to the inscriptions on the items. Some of them are read and published for the first time.
本文分析了保存在圣三位一体圣器室和圣亚历山大涅夫斯基修道院的教堂古迹。为了确定圣器室的结构,文章的作者使用了1724年最古老的清单和后来的18和19世纪的清单。根据档案资料和一些出版物,作者确定了自18世纪上半叶以来从教会教区向圣彼得堡运送圣像和教堂板的事实。特别研究的主题是来自三个修道院的17世纪教堂板:瓦尔代湖上的圣母,弗拉基米尔的上帝之母的诞生和苏梅圣母的安息。作者着重讨论了免费圣物的起源和到达圣器室的情况,如尼康牧首的教堂杯子(1652-1660),圣亚历山大涅夫斯基墓上的棺盖(约1697年)和祈祷福音书(1681年)。注意物品上的铭文。其中一些是第一次阅读和出版。
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引用次数: 0
Voluntary and Lesson in English Music Sources of the 17th and 18th Centuries 17和18世纪英语音乐来源的自愿和课程
IF 0.2 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu15.2022.401
Yury S. Bocharov
The article focuses on the use Voluntary and Lesson as terms in the English musical practice in the 17th and 18th centuries. Based on the unique example of the interpretation of these terms as synonyms in edition of Carl Trinks’s organ pieces in 1810 (this fact is remained unnoticed in musicology), the author compares Voluntary and Lesson, noting, first of all, significant differences in the use of these specific names of musical compositions and also paying attention to the reflection of this practice in the general and musical lexicographic sources of that time. The author also criticizes a number of ideas that have already been established in Western musicology. For example, he does not agree with the interpretation of a small fragment from the “Mulliner Book” entitled Voluntarye as an independent keyboard piece by R. Farrant, and he doubts the real existence of the 12-movement J. Ch. Pepush’s Voluntary (published only in 1988) as a single musical work. But most importantly, he opposes spread of the Voluntary concept to all polyphonic organ works by English composers of the 17th and 18th centuries (including organ compositions from M. Locke’s “Melothesia”, many Th. Roseingrave’s fugues, etc.). The author notes the term Lesson was used more variously than modern musicology interprets, extending not only to solo (mainly keyboard) music, but also compositions for melodic instruments with basso continuo and even ensembles, as well as instructive exercises and simple compositions for beginners.
本文着重探讨了17、18世纪英语音乐实践中“自愿”和“课”这两个术语的使用。基于1810年卡尔·特伦克斯(Carl Trinks)的管风琴作品版本中这些术语作为同义词解释的独特例子(这一事实在音乐学中仍未被注意到),作者比较了自愿和教训,首先注意到这些音乐作品的特定名称使用的显着差异,并注意到这种做法在当时的一般和音乐词典来源中的反映。作者还对西方音乐学中已经确立的一些观念进行了批判。例如,他不同意将《Mulliner Book》中题为《Voluntarye》的小片段解释为R. Farrant的独立键盘作品,他也怀疑12乐章J. Ch. Pepush的《Voluntary》(仅于1988年出版)作为一个音乐作品的真实存在。但最重要的是,他反对将“自愿”的概念推广到17世纪和18世纪英国作曲家的所有复调管风琴作品中(包括洛克的“Melothesia”中的管风琴作品)。罗斯格雷夫的赋格曲等等)。作者指出,与现代音乐学的解释相比,“课”一词的使用更加多样化,不仅延伸到独奏(主要是键盘)音乐,还延伸到为旋律乐器演奏的低音连奏甚至合奏的作品,以及针对初学者的指导性练习和简单的作品。
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引用次数: 0
New Finds of Frescoes in St George’s Cathedral of the Yuriev Monastery and Teams of Painters in the Novgorod Land of the First Half of the 12th Century 尤里耶夫修道院圣乔治大教堂壁画的新发现和12世纪上半叶诺夫哥罗德地区的画家团队
IF 0.2 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu15.2022.304
Olga E. Etinhof
The archaeological expedition led by Vl. V. Sedov discovered thousands of fragments of the original painting around 1130 in the St George Cathedral of the Yuriev Monastery in Novgorod during the 2013–2020. Recent finds of fragments of remarkable frescoes in the Yuriev Monastery, as well as in the Church of the Annunciation on the Hillfort from the beginning of the 12th century, significantly expand the traditional understanding of early art in Veliky Novgorod. These murals allow us to consider in a new way the problem of the work of painters’ teams, their migration and succession in the Novgorod land of the first half of the 12th century. Just as the architecture of St George’s Cathedral is the pinnacle of Novgorod architecture, so its frescoes demonstrate the unusually luxurious order of Prince Vsevolod and an outstanding artistic quality. A special team was to be called up for the decoration of the St George Cathedral. Its work continued the tradition of princely Novgorod churches of the first quarter of the 12th century. Probably, the team was called to Novgorod from Kiev, it could consist of artists from Constantinople or be mixed with Kiev painters. Five teams could work in the churches in the Novgorod land during the first half of the 12th century. Possibly they were called up from the workshops of the Monastery of the Caves in Kiev. The participation of Byzantine artists in those teams was not excluded. The style of the Novgorod murals is not homogeneous, and they were created by painters of several generations. There’s no information about the existence of a local Novgorod team of painters in the first half of the 12th century.
Vl.率领的考古考察队。2013-2020年间,v·谢多夫在诺夫哥罗德尤里耶夫修道院的圣乔治大教堂发现了1130年左右的数千幅原画碎片。最近在尤里耶夫修道院和12世纪初在山丘上的报喜教堂发现的杰出壁画碎片,极大地扩展了对大诺夫哥罗德早期艺术的传统理解。这些壁画让我们以一种新的方式来思考画家团队的工作问题,他们在12世纪上半叶在诺夫哥罗德土地上的迁移和继承。正如圣乔治大教堂的建筑是诺夫哥罗德建筑的顶峰一样,它的壁画也展示了弗谢沃洛德亲王异乎寻常的奢华和卓越的艺术品质。一个特别小组被召集来装饰圣乔治大教堂。它的建筑延续了12世纪上半叶诺夫哥罗德王公教堂的传统。这个团队可能是从基辅被召集到诺夫哥罗德的,它可能由君士坦丁堡的艺术家组成,也可能与基辅的画家混合在一起。12世纪上半叶,诺夫哥罗德地区的教堂里可以有5支队伍。他们可能是从基辅洞穴修道院的作坊里调来的。不排除拜占庭艺术家参加这些小组。诺夫哥罗德壁画的风格并不相同,它们是由几代画家创作的。没有关于12世纪上半叶诺夫哥罗德当地画家团队存在的信息。
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引用次数: 1
Project of Revalorization and Extension of the Historic Monastery Complex of St Sigismund’s Parish in Częstochowa (Poland) — A Case Study Częstochowa(波兰)圣西吉斯蒙德教区历史修道院建筑群的重建和扩建项目-案例研究
IF 0.2 Q2 Arts and Humanities Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/spbu15.2022.205
Nina Sołkiewicz-Kos, N. Kazhar, Mariusz Zadworny
This article presents theoretical problems related to the renovation of historic buildings in Europe of the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st century. They concern the creation of scientifically justified concepts and methods of renovation aimed at preserving the authenticity and historical significance of monuments. Historical architectural developments, including buildings from different eras, determine the individual appearance of historic European cities. Architectural monuments allow one to become aware of the originality of culture and character traits of each nation. Therefore, in the context of globalization, the study, protection and use of historical objects is one of the factors shaping the national self-awareness. Practical activities related to the adaptation of historical cultural space to contemporary needs were discussed on the example of the revalorization of a 15th-century religious complex located in the historic area of the city of Częstochowa in Poland. This area, called the “Old Town”, is one of the main elements of the compositional canvas of the town’s urban layout (beginning of the 19th century). The revalorization of the St Sigismund church complex together with the monastery buildings, due to the importance for the urban layout of the city, as well as due to its historical, cultural and religious significance, constituted an essential challenge for designers, archaeologists, historians and local authorities.
本文介绍了20世纪下半叶和21世纪初欧洲历史建筑修复的相关理论问题。它们涉及创造科学合理的概念和修复方法,旨在保护古迹的真实性和历史意义。历史建筑的发展,包括不同时代的建筑,决定了历史悠久的欧洲城市的独特外观。建筑纪念碑让人们意识到每个民族文化的原创性和性格特征。因此,在全球化背景下,对历史文物的研究、保护和利用是塑造民族自我意识的因素之一。以位于波兰Częstochowa市历史区域的15世纪宗教建筑群的重建为例,讨论了与历史文化空间适应当代需求相关的实践活动。这个地区被称为“老城区”,是该镇城市布局(19世纪初)的主要组成部分之一。St Sigismund教堂和修道院建筑的重建,由于其对城市布局的重要性,以及其历史、文化和宗教意义,对设计师、考古学家、历史学家和地方当局构成了重大挑战。
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