Pub Date : 2018-12-10DOI: 10.22616/j.landarchart.2018.13.14
Urszula Forczek-Brataniec, Z. Myczkowski
It has been almost 70 years since, when “atlantis” of the Cracow’s School of Landscape Architecture professor Zygmunt Novák put forward the first idea of creating a Jurassic Landscape Park as an area where the landscape is protected in order to ensure a rest for people in the beautiful nature and culture of the surrounding great cities. Since then, his pupils and successors have created a school based on a characteristic methodology, approach to the landscape. The idea was continued in conjunction with the changing technologies and possibilities. As a result, a set of good practices was created that characterized Krakow's school of landscape architecture and emphasized its pragmatic nature.
自从Cracow’s School of Landscape Architecture的“atlantis”教授Zygmunt Novák提出创建侏罗纪景观公园的第一个想法以来，已经有将近70年的时间了，该公园是一个保护景观的区域，以确保人们在周围大城市美丽的自然和文化中休息。从那时起，他的学生和继任者们建立了一所基于特色方法论和景观方法的学校。这一想法是结合不断变化的技术和可能性而继续的。因此，创造了一套良好的实践，以克拉科夫的景观建筑学派为特色，并强调其实用性。
{"title":"Landscape conservation in the research and development of the Krakow School of landscape architecture from 1970s to 2017 – from Jurassic landscape parks to cultural parks in Krakow","authors":"Urszula Forczek-Brataniec, Z. Myczkowski","doi":"10.22616/j.landarchart.2018.13.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2018.13.14","url":null,"abstract":"It has been almost 70 years since, when “atlantis” of the Cracow’s School of Landscape Architecture professor Zygmunt Novák put forward the first idea of creating a Jurassic Landscape Park as an area where the landscape is protected in order to ensure a rest for people in the beautiful nature and culture of the surrounding great cities. Since then, his pupils and successors have created a school based on a characteristic methodology,\u0000approach to the landscape. The idea was continued in conjunction with the changing technologies and possibilities. As a result, a set of good practices was created that characterized Krakow's school of landscape architecture and emphasized its pragmatic nature.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42845904","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-10DOI: 10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.03
Dalia Dijokienė
The article analyzes the evaluation of the transformation potential of valuable urbanised landscape. Many of the old towns formed as valuable urbanised landscapes. However, the transformation of urban structures of viable cities, which also entails transformation of urbanised landscapes, is inevitable. Basically, there are only two ways of transformation – either it happens in its own way or it can be professionally controlled. In this article the problem of urbanised landscape transformation is illustrated by the analytical work carried out for the eastern part of the Old Town of Vilnius (UNESCO heritage site). In the eastern part of the Old Town of Vilnius there are two architectural ensembles that form the characteristic panoramas and silhouettes of the Old Town. In this part of the city, various new built-up initiatives have been active since 2007. The article discusses the urban research, the purpose of which was to answer the question about the potential height of the newly designed built up in a former historic suburb of Vilnius. The potential impact of new buildings on the panoramas, silhouettes, dominant elements, and perspectives as well as nominal spaces of that concrete street of the historical suburb is assessed based on the analysis of the towns cape seen from typical external and internal viewing points of the Old Town. The article describes an integrated method of assessing visual effect on the urbanised landscape.
{"title":"Evaluation of the transformation potential of urbanised landscape (Vilnius case).","authors":"Dalia Dijokienė","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.03","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyzes the evaluation of the transformation potential of valuable urbanised landscape. Many of the old towns formed as valuable urbanised landscapes. However, the transformation of urban structures of viable cities, which also entails transformation of urbanised landscapes, is inevitable. Basically, there are only two ways of transformation – either it happens in its own way or it can be professionally controlled. In this article\u0000the problem of urbanised landscape transformation is illustrated by the analytical work carried out for the eastern part of the Old Town of Vilnius (UNESCO heritage site). In the eastern part of the Old Town of Vilnius there are two architectural ensembles that form the characteristic panoramas and silhouettes of the Old Town. In this part of the city, various new built-up initiatives have been active since 2007. The article discusses the urban\u0000research, the purpose of which was to answer the question about the potential height of the newly designed built up in a former historic suburb of Vilnius. The potential impact of new buildings on the panoramas, silhouettes, dominant elements, and perspectives as well as nominal spaces of that concrete street of the historical suburb is assessed based on the analysis of the towns cape seen from typical external and internal viewing points of the Old\u0000Town. The article describes an integrated method of assessing visual effect on the urbanised landscape.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41381057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-10DOI: 10.22616/j.landarchart.2018.13.13
A. Zachariasz
The article describes the period from the end of the nineteenth century to the 1950's. It presents the achievements of the pioneers of Polish landscape architecture, associated with various aspects of the design, planning and protection of the landscape, in addition to professional education. In the majority of European countries, the development of landscape architecture as a separate profession is dated to the interbellum period. In Poland there is currently no doubt as to the fact that landscape architecture is an independent professional discipline. However, several decades ago this topic was the subject of spirited discussion among Polish specialists, which took place on the pages of specialist periodicals. The discussions that took place at the time between outstanding garden planners, practitioners, scientists, didactic and popularizes who came from various different fields concerned the profession and the preparation of specialists, in addition to the name itself. One of the pioneers – Zygmunt Hellwig, wrote: "I believe that the shaping of the landscape is an art and science that is currently completely independent, one that has grown equally well from the foundations of horticulture, architecture and a number of similar disciplines, one that can absolutely no longer fit within the framework of the professional preparation and qualifications of an architect-builder."(1935). The landscape architecture profession developed very dynamically. Significant projects, now considered icons, were being developed, e.g. Żelazowa Wola, a monument park dedicated to Chopin or Skaryszewski Park in Warsaw. At horticultural fairs one of the more important sections was garden planning, where individual cities prided themselves in their achievements in the design of public parks. University education started to be provided in this speciality. Franciszek Krzywda-Polkowski, who had obtained an education in architecture, was the first to introduce landscape architecture to a university curriculum and organised and supervised the Landscape Architecture and Park Science Division at the University of Life Sciences starting from 1928. He also taught at the Warsaw University of Technology. His diploma candidates, Alina Scholtz and Gerard Ciołek, made significant contributions to the development of landscape architecture in Poland. A. Scholtz, an outstanding designer, became one of the founding members of the International Federation of Landscape Architecture (IFLA) in 1948. G. Ciołek was the creator of the Polish school of the revalorisation of historical garden layouts. His comprehensive scientific works on the history of garden design had a pioneering character. He is the author of the fundamental work Ogrody polskie (1954).
{"title":"Beginnings of Landscape Architecture in Poland","authors":"A. Zachariasz","doi":"10.22616/j.landarchart.2018.13.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/j.landarchart.2018.13.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article describes the period from the end of the nineteenth century to the 1950's. It presents the achievements of the pioneers of Polish landscape architecture, associated with various aspects of the design, planning and protection of the landscape, in addition to professional education. In the majority of European countries, the development of landscape architecture as a separate profession is dated to the interbellum period. In Poland there is currently no doubt as to the fact that landscape architecture is an\u0000independent professional discipline. However, several decades ago this topic was the subject of spirited discussion among Polish specialists, which took place on the pages of specialist periodicals. The discussions that took place at the time between outstanding garden planners, practitioners, scientists, didactic and popularizes who came from\u0000various different fields concerned the profession and the preparation of specialists, in addition to the name itself. One of the pioneers – Zygmunt Hellwig, wrote: \"I believe that the shaping of the landscape is an art and science that is currently completely independent, one that has grown equally well from the foundations of horticulture, architecture and a number of similar disciplines, one that can absolutely no longer fit within the framework of the professional preparation and qualifications of an architect-builder.\"(1935). The landscape architecture profession developed very dynamically. Significant projects, now considered icons, were being developed, e.g. Żelazowa Wola, a monument park dedicated to Chopin or Skaryszewski Park in Warsaw. At horticultural fairs one of the more important sections was garden planning, where individual cities prided themselves in their achievements in the design of public parks. University education started to be provided in this speciality. Franciszek Krzywda-Polkowski, who had obtained an education in architecture, was the first to introduce landscape architecture to a university curriculum and organised and supervised the Landscape Architecture and Park Science Division at the University of Life Sciences starting from 1928. He also taught at the Warsaw University of Technology. His diploma candidates, Alina Scholtz and Gerard Ciołek, made significant contributions to the development of landscape architecture in Poland. A. Scholtz, an outstanding designer, became one of the founding members of the International Federation of Landscape Architecture (IFLA) in 1948. G. Ciołek was the creator of the Polish school of the revalorisation of historical garden layouts. His comprehensive scientific works on the history of garden design had a pioneering character. He is the author of the fundamental work Ogrody polskie (1954).","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45329955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-10DOI: 10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.07
E. Staniūnas
The object of the research whose findings are presented in the article is on the contact line between two life “elements” – the popular contemporary architectural culture and data of contemporary historical knowledge. In the analysis, it is attempted to disclose how the notion “Aesthetics” is viewed from both sides of that line, seeking to ascertain whether contemporary architectural society sees the duration of an aesthetic attitude of the human being towards its environment in the same way how this make history data.
{"title":"The age of aesthetic perception of the environment - concept in architecture and historical data","authors":"E. Staniūnas","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.07","url":null,"abstract":"The object of the research whose findings are presented in the article is on the contact line between two life “elements” – the popular contemporary architectural culture and data of contemporary historical knowledge. In the analysis, it is attempted to disclose how the notion “Aesthetics” is viewed from both sides of that line, seeking to ascertain whether contemporary architectural society sees the duration of an aesthetic attitude of the human being towards its environment in the same way how this make history data.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43150959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-10DOI: 10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.02
Aurelija Daugėlaitė, I. Gražulevičiūtė-Vileniškė, M. Landauskas
The concept of urban acupuncture, which has been gaining ground in recent decades, is based on the activation and revitalization of urban environments using small architectural or landscape architectural interventions in precise carefully selected locations of urban fabric. However, the rapid and unexpected design solutions of urban acupuncture, based on ecological design, nature dynamics, street art, material re-use, can cause different social and psychological reactions of urban population and these reactions may vary depending on cultural contexts. Consequently, in order to implement successful urban acupuncture projects in Lithuanian cities, it is very important to find out public opinion and priorities in the fields of public space management, aesthetics, and public art. The aim of the research was to analyze the opinion of Kaunas city residents regarding these issues. For this purpose, a sociological questionnaire survey was used. The questionnaire containing 20 questions was designed, with the aim to find out the trends of use of public spaces in the city, the attitudes of residents towards street art and other small-scale initiatives in public spaces implemented in the recent years, possibilities of creating landscape architecture based on ecological ideas in urban environment, the attitude of inhabitants towards community spaces and community space design in the city, etc. 100 residents of Kaunas participated in this online administered survey. The survey has demonstrated general positive attitude towards contemporary design trends of public spaces and public art; however, the surveyed population expressed preferences towards fully equipped public spaces offering possibilities for a wide range of activities.
{"title":"Possibilities to Apply the Urban Acupuncture Concept in Kaunas: Social Aspect","authors":"Aurelija Daugėlaitė, I. Gražulevičiūtė-Vileniškė, M. Landauskas","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.02","url":null,"abstract":"The concept of urban acupuncture, which has been gaining ground in recent decades, is based on the activation and revitalization of urban environments using small architectural or landscape architectural interventions in precise carefully selected locations of urban fabric. However, the rapid and unexpected design solutions of urban acupuncture, based on ecological design, nature dynamics, street art, material re-use, can cause different social and psychological reactions of urban population and these reactions may vary depending on cultural contexts. Consequently, in order to implement successful urban acupuncture projects in Lithuanian cities, it is very important to find out public opinion and priorities in the fields of public space management, aesthetics, and public art. The aim of the research was to analyze the opinion of Kaunas city residents regarding these issues. For this purpose, a sociological questionnaire survey was used. The questionnaire containing 20 questions was designed, with the aim to find out the trends of use of public spaces in the city, the attitudes of residents towards street art and other small-scale initiatives in public spaces implemented in the recent years, possibilities of creating landscape architecture based on ecological ideas in urban environment, the attitude of inhabitants towards\u0000community spaces and community space design in the city, etc. 100 residents of Kaunas participated in this online administered survey. The survey has demonstrated general positive attitude towards contemporary design trends of public spaces and public art; however, the surveyed population expressed preferences towards fully equipped public spaces offering possibilities for a wide range of activities.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48810091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-10DOI: 10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.06
Gintaras Stauskis
Many big, average and even small towns have been dramatically car-invaded through the past twenty years in Eastern Europe. That resulted in fragmented open spaces and endangered mobility through the streets and blocks of the city. The paper addresses the issue of comfortable access to urban open space by bringing the multidimensional approach that includes aesthetical, infrastructural and social tools and applications. On the example of Joniškis town in Lithuania, the paper presents a solution toolkit for assessing the existing mobility situation, developing a re-pedestrianising action plan and programming the impact of the applied measures. The results of the multidimensional approach show that by giving priority for pedestrians against cars in urban open spaces and drive-ins cities can achieve multiple environmental and social-economic benefits. Open spaces become safer, more attractive and pleasing and more people visit them. The proposed model serves as a continuous professional development topic for landscape architects researching, teaching and designing in the private, public and non-governmental sectors.
{"title":"Re-pedestrianising open spaces through optimising mobility in urban landscape: great importance of the small detail","authors":"Gintaras Stauskis","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.06","url":null,"abstract":"Many big, average and even small towns have been dramatically car-invaded through the past twenty years in Eastern Europe. That resulted in fragmented open spaces and endangered mobility through the streets and blocks of the city. The paper addresses the issue of comfortable access to urban open space by bringing the multidimensional approach that includes aesthetical, infrastructural and social tools and applications.\u0000On the example of Joniškis town in Lithuania, the paper presents a solution toolkit for assessing the existing mobility situation, developing a re-pedestrianising action plan and programming the impact of the applied measures. The results of the multidimensional approach show that by giving priority for pedestrians against cars in urban open spaces and drive-ins cities can achieve multiple environmental and social-economic benefits. Open spaces become safer, more attractive and pleasing and more people visit them. The proposed model serves as a continuous professional development topic for landscape architects researching, teaching and designing in the private, public and non-governmental sectors.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49212368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-10DOI: 10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.12
Liutauras Nekrošius, Indrė Ruseckaitė, Edita Riaubienė
This paper presents particular aspects of educational function of the schoolyard, and argues that such a space could be used for educating the young generation, collaboration and interaction in creating the living environment. Research of Lithuanian schools’ architecture during the last few decades has indicated the practice of using the school courtyard that could be described as “Forgotten Space”. Education scholars pay exclusive attention to the interaction between learning and playing. Urban gardening, environmental monitoring, design-build studios become integral parts of secondary or even primary education. These activities need proper environment. The majority of Lithuanian youth attends schools built in the interwar and soviet periods that rarely fit the up-todate paradigm of education and spatial needs. This makes the school environment problematic but, at the same time, perfect as a transformation laboratory for communities as the non-generic “commissioners”, potential driving force of such actions. Architects, landscape architects, urban designers and planners occasionally look at the cooperation with communities as an obstacle or formal “must”. Since 2014, the Faculty of Architecture, VGTU, started to act as a catalyst activating discussions and alternative visions for changes of school spaces, mostly anticipating that the youth (students and school-children) involved would accustom themselves to active and constant co-creation and maintenance of their environment. The overview of the school grounds development in Lithuania during the last century was performed by consistent analysis of different functions. The study of each possible function of school outdoor area was done by applying the three-aspect correlation method: the education theory, legal building regulations and school environment practice. The study of school ground as the contemporary collectively developed playscape presented the results of experimental practices on participatory design and community engagement.
{"title":"Learning Environment by the Future Society: Development of School Grounds in Lithuania","authors":"Liutauras Nekrošius, Indrė Ruseckaitė, Edita Riaubienė","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.12","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents particular aspects of educational function of the schoolyard, and argues that such a space could be used for educating the young generation, collaboration and interaction in creating the living environment. Research of Lithuanian schools’ architecture during the last few decades has indicated the practice of using the\u0000school courtyard that could be described as “Forgotten Space”. Education scholars pay exclusive attention to the interaction between learning and playing. Urban gardening, environmental monitoring, design-build studios become integral parts of secondary or even primary education. These activities need proper environment. The majority of Lithuanian youth attends schools built in the interwar and soviet periods that rarely fit the up-todate\u0000paradigm of education and spatial needs. This makes the school environment problematic but, at the same time, perfect as a transformation laboratory for communities as the non-generic “commissioners”, potential driving force of such actions. Architects, landscape architects, urban designers and planners occasionally look at the cooperation with communities as an obstacle or formal “must”. Since 2014, the Faculty of Architecture, VGTU, started to act as a catalyst activating discussions and alternative visions for changes of school spaces, mostly anticipating that the youth (students and school-children) involved would accustom themselves to active and constant co-creation and maintenance of their environment. The overview of the school grounds development in Lithuania during the last century was performed by consistent analysis of different functions. The study of each possible function of school outdoor area was done by applying the three-aspect correlation method: the education theory, legal building regulations and school environment practice. The study of school ground as the contemporary collectively developed playscape presented the results of experimental practices on participatory design and community engagement.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48513844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-10DOI: 10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.05
Skirmantė Mozūriūnaitė
Smart cities are not a new phenomenon and it is an interdisciplinary definition that became a popular labeling for modern cities. However, there a is surprisingly little academic research in urban design and planning field that discusses this phenomenon. Smart cities definition is similar to intelligent, creative, sustainable or liveable cities which appears to be considered as a part of a play with words. In most of the technological and social science articles smart cities refer to a smart urban management and development via technologies and infrastructure. Based on the scientific literature overview, there are several factors affecting the city smartness, such as technology, people and communities, economy governance, planning and infrastructure. Overall there is a little information and research on urban design principles and tools in the smart city’s creation and contribution to its smartness. The most important thing is to clarify the urban design, planning and landscape design role importance to a smart city context and vice versa. The aim of this paper is to overview the smart cities concept from urban design perspective to find and highlight the important touch points, relation and role of urban design, planning and landscape design in smart cities creation. This would lead to the robust principles for smart European cities that would enable to achieve sustainable development, efficient urban growth and a better urban landscape.
{"title":"The role of landscape design in Smart Cities","authors":"Skirmantė Mozūriūnaitė","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.05","url":null,"abstract":"Smart cities are not a new phenomenon and it is an interdisciplinary definition that became a popular labeling for modern cities. However, there a is surprisingly little academic research in urban design and planning field that discusses this phenomenon. Smart cities definition is similar to intelligent, creative, sustainable or liveable cities which appears to be considered as a part of a play with words. In most of the technological and social science articles smart cities refer to a smart urban management and development via technologies and infrastructure. Based on the scientific literature overview, there are several factors affecting the city smartness, such as technology, people and communities, economy governance, planning and infrastructure. Overall there is a little information and research on urban design principles and tools in the smart city’s creation and contribution to its smartness. The most important thing is to clarify the urban design, planning and landscape design role importance to a smart city context and vice versa. The aim of this paper is to overview the smart cities concept from urban design perspective to find and highlight the important touch points, relation and role of urban design, planning and landscape design in smart cities creation. This would lead to the robust principles for smart European cities that would enable to achieve sustainable development, efficient urban growth and a better urban landscape.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45408425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-10DOI: 10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.04
Vytautas Petrušonis
Knowledge about the symbolic potential of the place (for example, city main square) and the form of presentation of such data is very important for better understanding of cultural memory of place. The article presents examples of symbolic potential descriptions of place using specific symbolic code sets. Code units consists from 1) names of identified easy recognizable objects forming a place and 2) cultural ideas, connotational characteristics of those objects. Some ideas appear as simple cultural connotations of certain objects and are easily identifiable. However, the fuller knowledge of local symbolic potential requires using of data that have more complex connotational structure. Such ideas encourage designers to comprehend the distinctive features of the place more deeply; also they are helping them to take into account personal existential experiences that are essential for the stimulating of original creative design solutions. Data about the place can help to manage it taking into account the symbolic potential only in case when the connotational characteristics are included into that data set. To ensure consensus among all relevant actors, data about place (city square, etc) expressed in codes with more complex connotational structures must be presented in explicit form (as some kind of semantic „reference book“) together with the arguments of their significance. Such codes would help align the positions of all actors involved in the management of certain place. Codes of this kind need to be defined in advance by making the appropriate research activities before and included in the legal documents regulating place management. The article discloses the model of symbolic potential of Kaunas Unity Square (Vienybės aikštė) and its closest environment, formed in period after regaining independence in 1918. In order to protect ourselves from possible unscrupulous modernization of square, we always have to take into account the symbolic potential of this place when planning even the smallest changes of square. Research of symbolic potential of the place was conducted using theoretical methods: abstraction, analogy, generalization, reasoning (inductive, deductive, and abductive), synthesis. Moreover, the methods of phenomenology and semantic analysis were applied also.
{"title":"Symbolic potential of place and its modelling for management needs.","authors":"Vytautas Petrušonis","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.04","url":null,"abstract":"Knowledge about the symbolic potential of the place (for example, city main square) and the form of presentation of such data is very important for better understanding of cultural memory of place. The article presents examples of symbolic potential descriptions of place using specific symbolic code sets. Code units consists from 1) names of identified easy recognizable objects forming a place and 2) cultural ideas, connotational characteristics of those objects. Some ideas appear as simple cultural connotations of certain objects and are easily identifiable. However, the fuller knowledge of local symbolic potential requires using of data that have more complex connotational structure. Such ideas encourage designers to comprehend the distinctive features of the place more deeply; also they are helping them to take into account personal existential experiences that are essential for the stimulating of original creative design solutions. Data about the place can help to manage it taking into account the symbolic potential only in case when the connotational characteristics are included into that data set. To ensure consensus among all relevant actors, data about place (city square, etc) expressed in codes with more complex connotational structures must be presented in explicit form (as some kind of semantic „reference book“) together with the arguments of their significance. Such codes would help align the positions of all actors involved in the management of certain place. Codes of this kind need to be defined in advance by making the appropriate research activities before and included in the legal documents regulating place management. The article discloses the model of symbolic potential of Kaunas Unity Square (Vienybės aikštė) and its closest\u0000environment, formed in period after regaining independence in 1918. In order to protect ourselves from possible unscrupulous modernization of square, we always have to take into account the symbolic potential of this place when planning even the smallest changes of square. Research of symbolic potential of the place was conducted using theoretical methods: abstraction, analogy, generalization, reasoning (inductive, deductive, and abductive), synthesis. Moreover, the methods of phenomenology and semantic analysis were applied also.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42979922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-10DOI: 10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.01
Eglė Navickienė, Edita Riaubienė
The focus of the research is the concept of context, guidelines for the approach to it, and the ways by which it was regarded in the development of urban environment. The paper defines how these approaches and practices changed during the last century. During the last century, an especially dynamic and turbulent one, Lithuanian state experienced divergent and controversial periods: independence (1918-1940), World War II (1939–1945), Soviet period (1944–1990) and independence restored (1990-present). The paper discusses the Western attitudes and the evolution of approach towards context while dealing with urban environment, and peculiarities of Lithuanian practice in conformity with these attitudes during last century. The theoretic investigation is grounded by the documents formulated and declared by international organisations like CIAM, UNESCO, ICOMOS and others, as accumulations of pioneering thought. Particularly, their statements that consider the surrounding context as basis, principle, or inspiration for the creating, transforming or reconstructing the urban environment are analysed. The term context is used as a generalising term, an umbrella one, which covers several terms used in the documents or literature to define closer or wider urban environment while dealing with it. The paper focuses mostly on historical urban situations, and wide range of activities in changing the environment from architect or landscape architect’s professional point of view. The theoretic analysis is followed by the critical review of certain experiences in Lithuanian practice at that time, in characteristic redevelopment of spaces in the main cities (state capitals). The identified evolution reveals the expansion of the concept of urban context and growing regard for it both in theory and in practice. The evolution of contextual approach in Lithuanian practice follows the guidelines stated in documents of international organisations in spite of its political situation, but the research discloses its certain peculiarities.
{"title":"Changes of approach to urban context in international guidelines and experiences in Lithuanian urban environment","authors":"Eglė Navickienė, Edita Riaubienė","doi":"10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22616/J.LANDARCHART.2018.13.01","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of the research is the concept of context, guidelines for the approach to it, and the ways by which it was regarded in the development of urban environment. The paper defines how these approaches and practices changed during the last century. During the last century, an especially dynamic and turbulent one, Lithuanian state experienced divergent and controversial periods: independence (1918-1940), World War II (1939–1945), Soviet period (1944–1990) and independence restored (1990-present). The paper\u0000discusses the Western attitudes and the evolution of approach towards context while dealing with urban environment, and peculiarities of Lithuanian practice in conformity with these attitudes during last century. The theoretic investigation is grounded by the documents formulated and declared by international organisations like CIAM, UNESCO, ICOMOS and others, as accumulations of pioneering thought. Particularly, their statements that consider the surrounding context as basis, principle, or inspiration for the creating,\u0000transforming or reconstructing the urban environment are analysed. The term context is used as a generalising term, an umbrella one, which covers several terms used in the documents or literature to define closer or wider urban environment while dealing with it. The paper focuses mostly on historical urban situations, and wide range of activities in changing the environment from architect or landscape architect’s professional point of view. The theoretic analysis is followed by the critical review of certain experiences in Lithuanian practice at that time, in characteristic redevelopment of spaces in the main cities (state capitals). The identified evolution reveals the expansion of the concept of urban context and growing regard for it both in theory and in practice. The evolution of contextual approach in Lithuanian practice follows the guidelines stated in documents\u0000of international organisations in spite of its political situation, but the research discloses its certain peculiarities.","PeriodicalId":40393,"journal":{"name":"Landscape Architecture and Art","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46842853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：