After his return to power in 1924, the problems of the weak Albanian economy made Ahmet Zogu seek quick solutions to stabilize both the state and his regime. Albania started welcoming foreign financial capitals to solve its economic problems, which were also political. Meanwhile, the longtime competitors, Italy and Great Britain, through their powerful companies, tried to invest in strategic sectors of the Albanian economy. In this way, big international companies, such as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, the Standard Oil Company, the powerful Italian company “Ferrovie dello Stato Italiano”, “Le Syndicat Franco-Albanais” representing the French capital etc., emerged in Albania. This created a political scene charged with tensions and ongoing negotiations between all the affected actors, including the Albanian state. In 1925, the aftermath of the international diplomatic efforts put under the spotlight the two main rivals for prevalence in Albania, Italy and Great Britain. While the first was directly and vitally concerned about Albania and the Balkans, the second was merely interested in the stability of the region. Speaking of Albania’s interests, in the achieved agreements with the different foreign companies, there were indeed a series of articles that were disadvantageous for the state and its economy. However, Ahmet Zogu made an utmost effort to play a significant role, above the real possibilities Albania had at that time.
在1924年重新掌权后，阿尔巴尼亚经济疲软的问题促使艾哈迈德·佐古寻求快速的解决方案来稳定国家和他的政权。阿尔巴尼亚开始欢迎外国金融资本来解决其经济问题，这也是政治问题。与此同时，长期的竞争对手意大利和英国，通过其强大的公司，试图投资阿尔巴尼亚经济的战略部门。这样，诸如英波斯石油公司、标准石油公司、强大的意大利公司“Ferrovie dello Stato Italiano”、代表法国首都的“Le Syndicat Franco-Albanais”等大型国际公司在阿尔巴尼亚出现了。这造成了一个充满紧张局势的政治局面，包括阿尔巴尼亚国家在内的所有受影响的行动者之间正在进行谈判。1925年，在国际外交努力的余波下，阿尔巴尼亚的两个主要竞争对手——意大利和英国——成为人们关注的焦点。前者直接和极其关切阿尔巴尼亚和巴尔干半岛，而后者只关心该区域的稳定。说到阿尔巴尼亚的利益，在与不同外国公司达成的协议中，确实有一系列对国家及其经济不利的条款。然而，Ahmet Zogu尽最大努力发挥重要作用，超出了阿尔巴尼亚当时的实际可能性。
{"title":"The Rivalry between Italy and Great Britain to Obtain a Monopolistic Concession on the Albanian Oil","authors":"Jorina Verli, Bujar DUGOLLI","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.4","url":null,"abstract":"After his return to power in 1924, the problems of the weak Albanian economy made Ahmet Zogu seek quick solutions to stabilize both the state and his regime. Albania started welcoming foreign financial capitals to solve its economic problems, which were also political. Meanwhile, the longtime competitors, Italy and Great Britain, through their powerful companies, tried to invest in strategic sectors of the Albanian economy. In this way, big international companies, such as the Anglo-Persian Oil Company, the Standard Oil Company, the powerful Italian company “Ferrovie dello Stato Italiano”, “Le Syndicat Franco-Albanais” representing the French capital etc., emerged in Albania. This created a political scene charged with tensions and ongoing negotiations between all the affected actors, including the Albanian state. In 1925, the aftermath of the international diplomatic efforts put under the spotlight the two main rivals for prevalence in Albania, Italy and Great Britain. While the first was directly and vitally concerned about Albania and the Balkans, the second was merely interested in the stability of the region. Speaking of Albania’s interests, in the achieved agreements with the different foreign companies, there were indeed a series of articles that were disadvantageous for the state and its economy. However, Ahmet Zogu made an utmost effort to play a significant role, above the real possibilities Albania had at that time.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.14
Andreana Eftimova
The article presents a study of the ways of presentation of one hundred names for professions, positions, ranks, etc. in the nomenclature list for professions in the Republic of Bulgaria, and then in the Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language (DBL) and The Great Dictionary of the Polish Language (Wielki słownik języka polskiego - WSJP), which strongly influence the editors' preferences and choice of masculinisms or feminisms in traditional and web-based media and encyclopedic products. The comparison between the Polish and Bulgarian dictionaries is carried out according to four criteria in order to establish the degree of asymmetry in the presentation of feminine and masculine forms.
本文介绍了保加利亚共和国职业命名表中100个职业、职位、等级等名称的呈现方式，然后在保加利亚语言词典(DBL)和波兰语言大词典(Wielki słownik języka polskiego - WSJP)中，这强烈影响了编辑在传统和网络媒体和百科全书产品中对男性主义或女性主义的偏好和选择。波兰语和保加利亚语词典之间的比较是根据四个标准进行的，以确定女性和男性形式呈现的不对称程度。
{"title":"Competition between Feminatives and Masculinisms in Polish and Bulgarian Dictionaries","authors":"Andreana Eftimova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.14","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents a study of the ways of presentation of one hundred names for professions, positions, ranks, etc. in the nomenclature list for professions in the Republic of Bulgaria, and then in the Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language (DBL) and The Great Dictionary of the Polish Language (Wielki słownik języka polskiego - WSJP), which strongly influence the editors' preferences and choice of masculinisms or feminisms in traditional and web-based media and encyclopedic products. The comparison between the Polish and Bulgarian dictionaries is carried out according to four criteria in order to establish the degree of asymmetry in the presentation of feminine and masculine forms.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.21
Mariyana Piskova
Central and Eastern European Online Library - CEE journals, documents, articles, periodicals, books available online for download, Zeitschrfitendatenbank, Online Zeitschriften, Online Zeitschriftendatenbank
Inspired by the 32-years long Belene trial, the article investigates the impact of deprivation from the right to justice on reaching transitional justice in aftermaths of crimes against humanity. Through bottom-up victims-centered perspective the article digs into the Belene victims’ oral history narratives to find out the impact of this deprivation on the societal contract, victims’ trauma, justice perception of the society and the rule of law. Based on textual analysis of open-ended interviews and narratives of the Belene victims, the article highlights the adverse consequences of neglecting the victims’ right to fair trial and transitional justice and perpetuating impunity, not only impeding justice and healing but perpetuating victimization and corroding societal trust. The sustained denial of victims' rights to a fair trial and access to justice exacerbates historical wounds, erodes the foundations of the justice and collective perception of fairness in the whole society. Beyond legal implications, the deprivation from right to justice affects individuals' psychological and social well-being and overall societal peace. The article emphasizes that transitional justice is a moral imperative, enabling the rebuilding of a peaceful and democratic society on principles of accountability and empathy, especially in the complex and sensitive aftermath of ethnic-based crimes against humanity.
{"title":"Fair Trial for Transitional Justice: The Case of Belene Trial","authors":"Harun Koçak, Nurcan Özgür Baklacıoğlu","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.8","url":null,"abstract":"Inspired by the 32-years long Belene trial, the article investigates the impact of deprivation from the right to justice on reaching transitional justice in aftermaths of crimes against humanity. Through bottom-up victims-centered perspective the article digs into the Belene victims’ oral history narratives to find out the impact of this deprivation on the societal contract, victims’ trauma, justice perception of the society and the rule of law. Based on textual analysis of open-ended interviews and narratives of the Belene victims, the article highlights the adverse consequences of neglecting the victims’ right to fair trial and transitional justice and perpetuating impunity, not only impeding justice and healing but perpetuating victimization and corroding societal trust. The sustained denial of victims' rights to a fair trial and access to justice exacerbates historical wounds, erodes the foundations of the justice and collective perception of fairness in the whole society. Beyond legal implications, the deprivation from right to justice affects individuals' psychological and social well-being and overall societal peace. The article emphasizes that transitional justice is a moral imperative, enabling the rebuilding of a peaceful and democratic society on principles of accountability and empathy, especially in the complex and sensitive aftermath of ethnic-based crimes against humanity.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.19
Elena Azmanova-Rudarska
The article examines the main literary, philosophical and cultural settings in N. Stoyanova's monographic study "Decorations and grimaces". N. Stoyanova studies Bulgarian literary modernism both through the topic of fashion and through its symbolism. It is at the point of contact between fact and fiction, between literature and its border fields - art, cultural studies, history, psychology, philosophy - that the unique essence of Stoyanova's literary analysis of fashion and its mechanisms of interpretation is revealed. Works by C. Mutafov, K. Konstantinov, N. Rainov and others are analyzed.
本文考察了N. Stoyanova的专题研究“装饰和鬼脸”中的主要文学、哲学和文化背景。N. Stoyanova通过时尚主题及其象征主义研究保加利亚文学现代主义。正是在事实与虚构、文学与其边界领域——艺术、文化研究、历史、心理学、哲学——的接触点上，斯托扬诺娃对时尚的文学分析及其解释机制的独特本质得以揭示。C. Mutafov, K. Konstantinov, N. Rainov等人的作品进行了分析。
{"title":"Fashion and Style. Bulgarian Modernism - in the 20s and 30s of the 20th Century","authors":"Elena Azmanova-Rudarska","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.19","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the main literary, philosophical and cultural settings in N. Stoyanova's monographic study \"Decorations and grimaces\". N. Stoyanova studies Bulgarian literary modernism both through the topic of fashion and through its symbolism. It is at the point of contact between fact and fiction, between literature and its border fields - art, cultural studies, history, psychology, philosophy - that the unique essence of Stoyanova's literary analysis of fashion and its mechanisms of interpretation is revealed. Works by C. Mutafov, K. Konstantinov, N. Rainov and others are analyzed.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.15
Magdalena Kostova-Panayotova
The report focuses on trends in 21st-century literature and the ways in which canonical notions of what is high literature are changing, who is the author of the canon, whether there is a canon today and whose it is, what it means to be victorious or vanquished, can we announce we're talking about winners. Also, against the background of all the more severe requests of authors in world literature with a hybrid identity – the article rethinks the place of ideas such as multiculturalism and political correctness; whether they offer wider horizons or limit the dialogue, whether literary means also have literary value or are imposed only by extra-literary factors, etc. Today, key novels of 21st century literature ask questions such as what it means to live between cultures; who learns in the process of this cross-cultural communication – only the migrant writers or also the host culture, is communication effective with different backgrounds and cultures. Among other pressing questions is how effective is multiculturalism today? Who is the winner and who is the loser, who is dominated and who is dominant…
{"title":"On the Trail of World Literature - Winners and Losers","authors":"Magdalena Kostova-Panayotova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.15","url":null,"abstract":"The report focuses on trends in 21st-century literature and the ways in which canonical notions of what is high literature are changing, who is the author of the canon, whether there is a canon today and whose it is, what it means to be victorious or vanquished, can we announce we're talking about winners. Also, against the background of all the more severe requests of authors in world literature with a hybrid identity – the article rethinks the place of ideas such as multiculturalism and political correctness; whether they offer wider horizons or limit the dialogue, whether literary means also have literary value or are imposed only by extra-literary factors, etc. Today, key novels of 21st century literature ask questions such as what it means to live between cultures; who learns in the process of this cross-cultural communication – only the migrant writers or also the host culture, is communication effective with different backgrounds and cultures. Among other pressing questions is how effective is multiculturalism today? Who is the winner and who is the loser, who is dominated and who is dominant…","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.12
Kristiyan Yanev
The paper analyzes Polish literary reportage as a trend evolved from a rather marginalized position of a hybrid genre to a prized form of literary expression in the last decades. More often than not, the genre’s main focus in the unprivileged, problematic or unknown marginal Other, which is visible in the journalistic fiction about Poland’s eastern neighbors. At the same time, the imagining of the Other can be problematic and biased, which is a major concern for the authors, whose position between the belletristic and the journalistic poses different demands on the texts about Russia. The major political, cultural and economic post-1989 transformation in the countries of the former USSR occupy a privileged place among the topics of the genre. The text compares the representation of post-Soviet reality in the literary reportages of Ryszard Kapuściński, Jacek Hugo-Bader and Jędrzej Morawiecki, focussing on the depiction of the marginalized groups in the postcommunist society. The texts argues that each decade after the Soviet Union’s collapse brings forth a different type of marginalization (ethnic and political in the 1990s; social and cultural in the 2000s; religious and ideological in the 2010s).
{"title":"The Marginal Other in Post-Soviet Space (Observations on Polish Literary Reportage Concerning the East)","authors":"Kristiyan Yanev","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.12","url":null,"abstract":"The paper analyzes Polish literary reportage as a trend evolved from a rather marginalized position of a hybrid genre to a prized form of literary expression in the last decades. More often than not, the genre’s main focus in the unprivileged, problematic or unknown marginal Other, which is visible in the journalistic fiction about Poland’s eastern neighbors. At the same time, the imagining of the Other can be problematic and biased, which is a major concern for the authors, whose position between the belletristic and the journalistic poses different demands on the texts about Russia. The major political, cultural and economic post-1989 transformation in the countries of the former USSR occupy a privileged place among the topics of the genre. The text compares the representation of post-Soviet reality in the literary reportages of Ryszard Kapuściński, Jacek Hugo-Bader and Jędrzej Morawiecki, focussing on the depiction of the marginalized groups in the postcommunist society. The texts argues that each decade after the Soviet Union’s collapse brings forth a different type of marginalization (ethnic and political in the 1990s; social and cultural in the 2000s; religious and ideological in the 2010s).","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.10
Dena Popova
The paper addresses the potential to challenge the dominant narrative of the official memory of the Transition period in Bulgaria through live archives. The specific website, Lost in the Transition: history in photos, is studied as an example of live space for memory reconstruction that could provoke authentic reflection about the recent past and provide a shared space for reflexive dialogue in the contemporary Bulgarian society. This dynamic process can result in a critical attempt to better understand the period and cocreate a liberating and empowering narrative.
{"title":"The Site \"Lost in the Transition: the Story in Pictures\" as a Possible Liberating Narrative for the Transition","authors":"Dena Popova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.10","url":null,"abstract":"The paper addresses the potential to challenge the dominant narrative of the official memory of the Transition period in Bulgaria through live archives. The specific website, Lost in the Transition: history in photos, is studied as an example of live space for memory reconstruction that could provoke authentic reflection about the recent past and provide a shared space for reflexive dialogue in the contemporary Bulgarian society. This dynamic process can result in a critical attempt to better understand the period and cocreate a liberating and empowering narrative.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.11
Zlatina Bogdanova
The presented research focuses on the ways people from small village communities in the Rhodope Mountains (Bulgaria) have united to take measures against the realization of private business interests and investments – the opening of quarries for the extraction of marble and ballast that would disrupt the established regimes of environmental protection in the region of the Middle Rhodopes - these are the protected areas included in the UNESCO biosphere reserve Chervenata sténa (Red wall) and the ecological network “Natura 2000”. The text is focused on people’s strategies of coping with change and uncertainty such as protests and social resistance movements that mobilize public support through social, kinship and political networks. The following issues are discussed in more detail: the emergence of new political, cultural, and ecological awareness of mountain communities fighting against the environmental exploitation of their territories; the role of the new inhabitants and their families in preserving local livelihoods and traditions, and the many forms of negotiation on how living together, including different visions and even conflicts on practices of resource management, sustainability, and heritage.
所提出的研究集中在罗多彼山脉(保加利亚)的小村庄社区的人们如何联合起来采取措施反对实现私人商业利益和投资-开放采石场以提取大理石和压石，这将破坏中罗多彼地区现有的环境保护制度-这些是联合国教科文组织生物圈保护区Chervenata st na(红墙)和罗多彼地区的保护区生态网络“自然2000”。文本侧重于人们应对变化和不确定性的策略，例如通过社会、亲属关系和政治网络动员公众支持的抗议和社会抵抗运动。更详细地讨论了以下问题:山区社区反对其领土环境开发的新的政治、文化和生态意识的出现;新居民及其家庭在维护当地生计和传统方面的作用，以及关于如何共同生活的多种形式的谈判，包括在资源管理、可持续性和遗产实践方面的不同愿景甚至冲突。
{"title":"“Privileged” and “deprived” in the Rhodopes: how Local Inhabitants become Activists Fighting to Keep Small Mountain Communities Alive","authors":"Zlatina Bogdanova","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.11","url":null,"abstract":"The presented research focuses on the ways people from small village communities in the Rhodope Mountains (Bulgaria) have united to take measures against the realization of private business interests and investments – the opening of quarries for the extraction of marble and ballast that would disrupt the established regimes of environmental protection in the region of the Middle Rhodopes - these are the protected areas included in the UNESCO biosphere reserve Chervenata sténa (Red wall) and the ecological network “Natura 2000”. The text is focused on people’s strategies of coping with change and uncertainty such as protests and social resistance movements that mobilize public support through social, kinship and political networks. The following issues are discussed in more detail: the emergence of new political, cultural, and ecological awareness of mountain communities fighting against the environmental exploitation of their territories; the role of the new inhabitants and their families in preserving local livelihoods and traditions, and the many forms of negotiation on how living together, including different visions and even conflicts on practices of resource management, sustainability, and heritage.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-15DOI: 10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.17
Angelina-Ogniana GOTCHEVA
The article addresses the issue of discrimination against women in their work field, which is still relevant today. It contains an overview of the historical development of women in the composers’ profession around the world and in Bulgaria, as well as an outline of the difficulties and accomplishments of famous women composers. The obstacles in the work realization of world-renowned women composers are sought: the Finnish composer Kaija Saariaho, the Soviet/Tatar composer Sofia Gubaidulina and the Bulgarian composer Julia Tsenova. An overview of annual statistics on the presence of women composers in the world's concert halls is shown and analyzed. Statistics on the concert program in the major Bulgarian halls are provided. Answers to current questions about the impact of globalization on the audience of contemporary classical music in Bulgaria in comparison with the world state are sought. The term discrimination in the professional music field is defined and researched, and those affected are noted.
{"title":"The Position of Women Composers in the World and in Bulgaria – is the Audience of Contemporary Classical Music Privileged or Deprived?","authors":"Angelina-Ogniana GOTCHEVA","doi":"10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v32i3.17","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses the issue of discrimination against women in their work field, which is still relevant today. It contains an overview of the historical development of women in the composers’ profession around the world and in Bulgaria, as well as an outline of the difficulties and accomplishments of famous women composers. The obstacles in the work realization of world-renowned women composers are sought: the Finnish composer Kaija Saariaho, the Soviet/Tatar composer Sofia Gubaidulina and the Bulgarian composer Julia Tsenova. An overview of annual statistics on the presence of women composers in the world's concert halls is shown and analyzed. Statistics on the concert program in the major Bulgarian halls are provided. Answers to current questions about the impact of globalization on the audience of contemporary classical music in Bulgaria in comparison with the world state are sought. The term discrimination in the professional music field is defined and researched, and those affected are noted.","PeriodicalId":40507,"journal":{"name":"Balkanistic Forum","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135486523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：