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2018 7th Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems (BRACIS)最新文献

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Bandit-Based Automated Machine Learning 基于强盗的自动机器学习
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRACIS.2018.00029
S. N. D. Dôres, Carlos Soares, D. Ruiz
Machine Learning (ML) has been successfully applied to a wide range of domains and applications. Since the number of ML applications is growing, there is a need for tools that boost the data scientist's productivity. Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) is the field of ML that aims to address these needs through the development of solutions which enable data science practitioners, experts and non-experts, to efficiently create fine-tuned predictive models with minimum intervention. In this paper, we present the application of the multi-armed bandit optimization algorithm Hyperband to address the AutoML problem of generating customized classification workflows, a combination of preprocessing methods and ML algorithms including hyperparameter optimization. Experimental results comparing the bandit-based approach against Auto ML Bayesian Optimization methods show that this new approach is superior to the state-of-the-art methods in the test evaluation and equivalent to them in a statistical analysis.
机器学习(ML)已经成功地应用于广泛的领域和应用。由于ML应用程序的数量正在增长,因此需要提高数据科学家生产力的工具。自动化机器学习(AutoML)是机器学习领域,旨在通过开发解决方案来满足这些需求,这些解决方案使数据科学从业者,专家和非专家能够以最小的干预有效地创建微调的预测模型。在本文中,我们提出了应用多臂强盗优化算法Hyperband来解决生成自定义分类工作流的AutoML问题,将预处理方法和ML算法(包括超参数优化)相结合。通过与Auto ML Bayesian Optimization方法的对比实验结果表明,该方法在测试评估方面优于现有方法,在统计分析方面与现有方法相当。
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引用次数: 8
[Copyright notice] (版权)
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/bracis.2018.00003
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引用次数: 0
On Monotonic Tendency of Some Fuzzy Cluster Validity Indices for High-Dimensional Data 高维数据若干模糊聚类有效性指标的单调倾向
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRACIS.2018.00102
Fernanda Eustáquio, T. Nogueira
Fuzzy clustering validation of high-dimensional data sets is only possible using a reliable cluster validity index. Therefore, the selection of an index is as important as choosing an appropriate clustering algorithm. A good validity index is that one that correctly recognize the data structure by choosing its correct number of clusters, and it is not sensitive to any parameter of the clustering algorithm or data property. However, some classical fuzzy validity indices as Partition Coefficient (PC), Partition Entropy (PE) and Fukuyama-Sugeno (FS) are sensitive to the fuzzification factor m and the number of clusters c, both parameters of the well-known Fuzzy c-Means (FCM) algorithm. They present the monotonic tendency in function of c even varying the values of m: the PC and FS values become smaller when c increases and the opposite occurs with PE. Although the literature presents extensive investigations about such tendency, they were conducted for low-dimensional data, in which such data property does not affect the clustering behavior. In order to investigate how such aspects affect the fuzzy clustering results of high-dimensional data, in this work we have clustered objects of ten real high-dimensional data sets, using FCM validated by PC, PE, FS and some proposed modifications of them to lead with the monotonic tendency. The results showed that the Modified Partition Coefficient (MPC) is the more reliable index to validate fuzzy clustering of high-dimensional data.
高维数据集的模糊聚类验证只有使用可靠的聚类有效性指标才能实现。因此,选择索引与选择合适的聚类算法同样重要。良好的有效性指标是指能够通过选择正确的聚类个数来正确识别数据结构,并且对聚类算法的任何参数或数据属性都不敏感的有效性指标。然而,一些经典的模糊有效性指标,如分割系数(PC)、分割熵(PE)和Fukuyama-Sugeno (FS),对模糊化因子m和聚类数量c都很敏感,这两个参数都是著名的模糊c均值(FCM)算法的参数。它们对c的函数表现出单调的趋势,即使改变m的值,PC和FS值也随着c的增大而变小,而PE则相反。虽然文献对这种倾向进行了广泛的调查,但它们是针对低维数据进行的,其中这种数据属性不会影响聚类行为。为了研究这些方面是如何影响高维数据的模糊聚类结果的,在这项工作中,我们对10个真实高维数据集的对象进行了聚类,使用了经过PC、PE、FS验证的FCM以及对它们进行的一些修改来引导单调趋势。结果表明,修正分割系数(MPC)是验证高维数据模糊聚类的较为可靠的指标。
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引用次数: 5
Weightless Neural Network WiSARD Applied to Online Recommender Systems 无重力神经网络在在线推荐系统中的应用
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/bracis.2018.00067
Kleyton Pontes Cotta, Raul Sena Ferreira, Felipe M. G. França
Recommender systems generally are made to predict user preferences' for items. However, in high dimensional datasets this task demands high computational costs. Taking into account that data distribution changes through time, it is important that online recommender systems have a fast retraining process in order to keep the model updated, delivering accurate predictions. Therefore, we propose a new approach for recommender systems using a weightless neural network, denominated WiSARD. We show that our proposal increases training and prediction processing speed, without decreasing the quality of predictions. First results show that our proposal is 306% faster than the improved regularized singular value decomposition (IRSVD), a well-known state-of-the-art algorithm. Moreover, our proposal still had an improvement of 3.7% regarding the mean absolute error (MAE). We show how to apply the WiSARD algorithm for online recommender systems, its drawbacks, and insights for further research.
推荐系统通常是用来预测用户对商品的偏好的。然而,在高维数据集中,该任务需要很高的计算成本。考虑到数据分布随着时间的推移而变化,在线推荐系统必须有一个快速的再训练过程,以保持模型的更新,提供准确的预测。因此,我们提出了一种使用无权重神经网络的推荐系统的新方法,命名为WiSARD。我们证明了我们的提议在不降低预测质量的情况下提高了训练和预测处理速度。第一个结果表明,我们的提议比改进的正则化奇异值分解(IRSVD)快306%,IRSVD是一种著名的最先进的算法。此外,我们的建议在平均绝对误差(MAE)方面仍有3.7%的改进。我们展示了如何将WiSARD算法应用于在线推荐系统,它的缺点,以及进一步研究的见解。
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引用次数: 2
A New Adaptive Operator Selection for NSGA-III Applied to CEC 2018 Many-Objective Benchmark 应用于CEC 2018多目标基准的NSGA-III自适应算子选择
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRACIS.2018.00010
J. Kuk, Richard A. Gonçalves, C. Almeida, Sandra M. Venske, A. Pozo
As well as new algorithms are constantly proposed, new test functions for these algorithms are also designed. In this paper we explore 15 new benchmark functions proposed for CEC-2018 Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEA) Competition for many-objective optimization. The functions have diverse properties which cover a good representation of various real-world scenarios. We propose many-objective approaches that were designed considering three schemes to perform adaptive operator selection with NSGA-III algorithm: Thompson Sampling, Probability Matching and Adaptive Pursuit. They select from a pool of candidates composed by DE mutations and a Genetic Algorithm crossover. Thompson Sampling is a multi-armed bandit approach, i.e., it was designed to deal with the exploration versus exploitation dilemma intrinsic to the adaptive operator selection problem. Its use in a many objective evolutionary algorithm is innovative and constitutes the main contribution of this work. As the CEC-2018 is composed by complex, potentially nonlinear functions, we also perform the analysis of the effects of the insertion of a nonlinear operator within the candidate pool of operators. Statistical analysis of the experiments were performed with Mann-Whitney and Friedman tests. The IGD indicator was used to infer the quality of the solutions. The results indicate the use of Thompson Sampling as an adaptive operator selection is promising and increases the optimization performance of NSGA-III. They also indicate that the use of the nonlinear operator is capable of improving the results of all adaptive versions.
在不断提出新算法的同时,也为这些算法设计了新的测试函数。在本文中,我们探讨了为CEC-2018多目标进化算法(MOEA)竞赛提出的15个新的基准函数,用于多目标优化。这些函数具有不同的属性,可以很好地表示各种现实场景。我们提出了多目标方法,考虑了三种方案来执行NSGA-III算法的自适应算子选择:汤普森采样、概率匹配和自适应追踪。他们从由DE突变和遗传算法交叉组成的候选库中进行选择。汤普森采样是一种多臂强盗方法,即,它被设计用于处理自适应算子选择问题固有的探索与开发困境。它在许多客观进化算法中的应用是创新的,也是本工作的主要贡献。由于CEC-2018是由复杂的、潜在的非线性函数组成的,我们还分析了在候选算子池中插入非线性算子的影响。采用Mann-Whitney和Friedman检验对实验进行统计分析。使用IGD指标来推断溶液的质量。结果表明,使用汤普森采样作为自适应算子选择是有希望的,并提高了NSGA-III的优化性能。它们还表明,非线性算子的使用能够改善所有自适应版本的结果。
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引用次数: 8
Using LSTM Encoder-Decoder for Rhetorical Structure Prediction 用LSTM编解码器进行修辞结构预测
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/bracis.2018.00055
Gustavo Bennemann de Moura, Valéria Delisandra Feltrim
The importance of identifying rhetorical categories in texts has been widely acknowledged in the literature, since information regarding text organization or structure can be applied in a variety of scenarios, including genre-specific writing support and evaluation, both manually and automatically. In this paper we present a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) encoder-decoder classifier for scientific abstracts. As a large corpus of annotated abstracts was required to train our classifier, we built a corpus using abstracts extracted from PUBMED/MEDLINE. Using the proposed classifier we achieved approximately 3% improvement in per-abstract accuracy over the baselines and 1% improvement for both per-sentence accuracy and f1-score.
识别语篇修辞类别的重要性已在文献中得到广泛认可,因为关于语篇组织或结构的信息可以应用于各种场景,包括特定体裁的写作支持和评估,无论是手动还是自动。本文提出了一种基于长短期记忆(LSTM)的科学摘要编码器分类器。由于需要大量带注释的摘要语料库来训练我们的分类器,我们使用从PUBMED/MEDLINE提取的摘要构建了一个语料库。使用提出的分类器,我们在每个抽象的准确率上比基线提高了大约3%,每个句子的准确率和f1-score都提高了1%。
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引用次数: 2
Multi-armed Bandit Based Hyper-Heuristics for the Permutation Flow Shop Problem 基于多臂班组的超启发式置换流水车间问题
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRACIS.2018.00032
C. Almeida, Richard A. Gonçalves, Sandra M. Venske, R. Lüders, M. Delgado
In this work, we propose MAB variants as selection mechanisms of a hyper-heuristic running on the multi-objective framework named MOEA/D-DRA to solve the Permutation Flow Shop Problem (PFSP). All the variants are designed to choose which of low-level heuristic components (for crossover and mutation operators) should be applied to each solution during execution. FRRMAB is the classical MAB, RMAB is restless and LinUCB is contextual (its context is based on side information). The proposed approaches are compared with each other and the best one, MOEA/D-LinUCB, is compared with MOEA/DDRA using the hypervolume indicator and nonparametric statistical tests. The results demonstrate the robustness of MAB-based approaches, especially the contextual-based one.
在这项工作中,我们提出MAB变体作为多目标框架MOEA/D-DRA上超启发式运行的选择机制,以解决排列流车间问题(PFSP)。所有的变体都设计为在执行期间选择应该将哪个低级启发式组件(用于交叉和变异操作符)应用于每个解决方案。FRRMAB是经典MAB, RMAB是不稳定的,而LinUCB是上下文的(它的上下文是基于侧信息的)。采用hypervolume指标和非参数统计检验,对提出的方法进行了比较,并将最佳方法MOEA/D-LinUCB与MOEA/DDRA进行了比较。结果表明,基于mab的方法,特别是基于上下文的方法具有较强的鲁棒性。
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引用次数: 8
Meta-Learning for Recommending Metaheuristics for the MaxSAT Problem 为MaxSAT问题推荐元启发式的元学习
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRACIS.2018.00037
Enrico S. Miranda, F. Fabris, Chrystian G. M. Nascimento, A. Freitas, A. Oliveira
It is of great interest to build recommendation systems capable of choosing the best solver for a particular problem of a combinatorial optimisation task given past runs of solvers in various problems of that optimisation task. In this paper, a meta-learning approach is proposed to predict which metaheuristic is the best solver for MaxSAT problems. The proposal includes the creation of new meta-features derived from graph descriptions of MaxSAT problems and an interpretation of the meta-model. Our approach successfully selected the best metaheuristic to solve each problem in 87% of the cases. Also, the new meta-features have shown to be as good as the state-of-the-art meta-features, and the meta-model interpretation found interesting problem-specific knowledge.
构建能够为组合优化任务的特定问题选择最佳求解器的推荐系统是非常有趣的,因为该优化任务的各种问题都有过去的求解器运行。本文提出了一种元学习方法来预测哪种元启发式算法是MaxSAT问题的最佳解算器。该提案包括从MaxSAT问题的图形描述中创建新的元特征,以及对元模型的解释。我们的方法在87%的情况下成功地选择了最佳的元启发式来解决每个问题。此外,新的元特征已经显示出与最先进的元特征一样好,并且元模型解释发现了有趣的特定于问题的知识。
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引用次数: 3
Quantum Enhanced k-fold Cross-Validation 量子增强k-fold交叉验证
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRACIS.2018.00041
P. D. Santos, Ismael C. S. Araújo, Rodrigo S. Sousa, A. J. D. Silva
In this work, we propose a quantum-classical algorithm able to perform a k-fold cross-validation with linear speedup. The proposed method creates a quantum superposition with patterns from a dataset and a classifier can evaluate all patterns at once. We used a probabilistic quantum memory in order to conduct the performance evaluation. The proposed method was verified through a reduced experimental analysis conducted classically.
在这项工作中,我们提出了一种量子经典算法,能够在线性加速下执行k倍交叉验证。该方法利用数据集中的模式创建量子叠加,分类器可以一次评估所有模式。为了进行性能评估,我们使用了概率量子存储器。通过经典的简化实验分析验证了该方法的有效性。
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引用次数: 3
Detecting Fake Suppliers using Deep Image Features 利用深度图像特征检测假冒供应商
Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.1109/BRACIS.2018.00046
Jonas Wacker, R. Ferreira, M. Ladeira
The Observatory of Public Spending (ODP, in Portuguese) is a special unit of Brazil's Ministry of Transparency and Office of the Comptroller-General (CGU, in Portuguese) responsible for gathering managerial and audit information to support the work of its auditors. One of the most important tasks of this unit is to monitor government suppliers who have won procurement processes. Image analysis of the location of many of these suppliers revealed suspicious scenes, such as rural areas, isolated places or slums. These scenes could be an indicator of fake suppliers with poor capacity of delivering public goods. However, checking thousands of images in order to find suspicious suppliers would be very expensive. Our objective is to automatically distinguish images of valid supplier locations from arbitrary buildings and landscapes. We extract deep features from a collection of Google Street View images using a pretrained convolutional neural network (Places CNN) to classify supplier locations and show that these features can be well applied to the context of identifying valid suppliers, independent of the image perspective that was collected.
公共支出观察站(ODP,葡萄牙语)是巴西透明度部和审计长办公室(CGU,葡萄牙语)的一个特别单位,负责收集管理和审计资料,以支持其审计员的工作。本单位最重要的任务之一是监测赢得采购程序的政府供应商。对许多供应商所在位置的图像分析揭示了可疑的场景,如农村地区、偏僻的地方或贫民窟。这些场景可能是假冒供应商提供公共产品能力差的一个指标。然而,为了找到可疑的供应商而检查成千上万的图像将是非常昂贵的。我们的目标是自动区分有效供应商位置的图像与任意建筑物和景观。我们使用预训练的卷积神经网络(Places CNN)从谷歌街景图像中提取深度特征来对供应商位置进行分类,并表明这些特征可以很好地应用于识别有效供应商的背景下,而不依赖于所收集的图像视角。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
2018 7th Brazilian Conference on Intelligent Systems (BRACIS)
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