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The Onomastic Universe in the Fantastic Prose of Mikhail Bulgakov: the Dimension of Translation 米哈伊尔·布尔加科夫奇幻散文中的本体宇宙:翻译的维度
IF 0.1 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.52505/1857-4300.2022.3(318).03
I. Druta
Proper names are double-character words: national and international. This is why translation requires an in-depth knowledge of the culture and civilization of the source language people. If a name is used for communication purposes (in a literary work), it must be treated in a special way. These are the most difficult cases for a translator, who has to be creative. Transferring names from one culture to another requires communication skills, but also intercultural skills: respect for traditions and cultural values. Proper names-anthroponyms can only be translated in certain contexts, where they describe a character, but are usually preserved intact. Usually proper names from stories, nicknames, but also some suggestive literary character names are translated and adapted. In most cases, the names of literary characters are not translated, but reported over to facilitate cultural transfer and eventually annotated. Thus, the translation process oscillates between science and art.
专有名称是双字字:国内和国际。这就是为什么翻译需要深入了解源语民族的文化和文明。如果一个名字用于交流目的(在文学作品中),它必须以特殊的方式对待。对于译者来说,这些都是最困难的情况,因为他们必须具有创造性。将名字从一种文化转移到另一种文化需要沟通技巧,但也需要跨文化技能:尊重传统和文化价值观。专有名称-拟人名称只能在特定的语境中翻译,在这些语境中,它们描述了一个角色,但通常被完整地保存下来。通常来自故事的专有名称,昵称,但也有一些暗示性的文学人物的名字被翻译和改编。在大多数情况下,文学人物的名字不是翻译的,而是报道,以促进文化传递,并最终注释。因此,翻译过程在科学与艺术之间摇摆。
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引用次数: 0
The Discursive Variants of the Sentence Constituted as an Effect of its Contextual Updating: Typology Sketch 语境更新导致的句子话语变体:类型学草图
IF 0.1 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.52505/1857-4300.2022.2(317).01
Ion Barbuta
The primary objective of this article is to establish and describe the discursive variants of the sentence representing its communicative paradigm. Constituted as a result of the adequacy of a sentence to communicative context, the discursive variants suppose, in linguistic terms, the variation of the informational structure of the sentence in relation to its semantic-syntactic structure. Described in terms of old/new information, the discursive variants are formed due to the operations involved in the discursive updating of the fundamental structures of the sentences, which are the thematisation and rhematisation of certain component elements of the sentence. The model that presents the sentence as a set of discursive variants combines semantic, syntactic and pragmatic or discursive criteria. Thus, in the process of analyzing these variants, the role of determining factors in the informational organization of the sentence was taken into account, these aspects being correlated with the marks of the informational structure of the sentence.
本文的主要目的是建立和描述代表其交际范式的句子的语篇变体。语篇变体是由于句子对交际语境的适当性而构成的,用语言学术语来说,它假定句子的信息结构与其语义句法结构有关。语篇变体是根据新旧信息来描述的,是由于对句子基本结构的语篇更新所涉及的操作而形成的,这些操作是对句子的某些组成元素的主题化和重述化。将句子呈现为一组话语变体的模型结合了语义、句法和语用或话语标准。因此,在分析这些变异体的过程中,考虑到决定因素在句子信息组织中的作用,这些方面与句子信息结构的标记相关联。
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引用次数: 0
The Reception of Romanian Literature from the Republic of Moldova in Ukraine: Plurigenural Anthologies 乌克兰摩尔多瓦共和国对罗马尼亚文学的接受:多词选集
IF 0.1 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.52505/1857-4300.2022.2(317).07
Dumitru Apetri
In the present article, the author highlights an important aspect of the RomanianUkrainian literary dialogue: the editing by Ukrainians in the years from 1953 to 1977 of four plurigenural anthological collections from the literary creation and partly from the folklore of the Republic of Moldova. These editions are seen by the researcher as a significant contribution to the above mentioned dialogue. But the dominance of the ideological dictatorship in that period left its negative mark on several works included in anthologies – a fact that determined a value discernment of the material in each editorial unit. This action is accomplished in the hope that the dialogue discussed will be reopened in the upcoming years. Therefore, the author’s comments pursued several purposes: listing the writings that have devalued in the meantime showing the causes of this phenomenon; indication of the selection criteria and directions for the development of new volumes such as plurigenural anthologies.
在本文中,作者强调了罗马尼亚-乌克兰文学对话的一个重要方面:乌克兰人在1953年至1977年期间编辑了四本来自文学创作和部分来自摩尔多瓦共和国民间传说的多元选集。这些版本被研究者视为对上述对话的重要贡献。但在那个时期,意识形态独裁统治的主导地位给选集中的几部作品留下了负面的印记——这一事实决定了每个编辑单位对材料的价值辨别。完成这一行动是希望在今后几年内重新开始讨论的对话。因此,作者的评论有几个目的:列出在此期间贬值的作品,显示这种现象的原因;指出选择标准和发展方向的新卷,如多生选集。
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引用次数: 0
Surnames Derived from the Hide Processing Terminology 源自隐藏处理术语的姓氏
IF 0.1 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.52505/1857-4300.2022.2(317).05
Teodor Oanca
Since the earliest times, hide processing has been a necessity in order to provide people with clothing and footwear. In the Middle Ages, craftsmen specialized in hide processing were differentiated and names according to the pieces of clothing or footwear they produced: they were furriers or skinners, shoemakers, leather cutters, traditional footwear makers and tanners etc. An important role in the development of this type of activity (processing domestic and wild animal hides) has been played by the technological progress that involved the use of chemical substances meant to ensure high-quality products. The appellatives selected as being part of the hide processing terminology became sources of nicknames or bynames in the 19th century, and later became official surnames as a result of the 1895 Name Law. At present 175 active surnames have been identified and the region and county frequency of occurrence is mentioned in the Appendix, according to The Anthoponymic Romanian Database
从最早的时代起,为了给人们提供衣服和鞋子,皮革加工就成为了一种必需品。在中世纪,专门从事皮革加工的工匠根据他们生产的衣服或鞋子的不同而被区分和命名:他们是毛皮商或剥皮商、制鞋者、皮革切割者、传统制鞋者和制革者等。技术进步在这类活动(家畜和野生动物皮革加工)的发展中发挥了重要作用,其中涉及使用旨在确保高质量产品的化学物质。在19世纪,作为兽皮加工术语的一部分而选择的称谓成为昵称或别名的来源,后来由于1895年的《国名法》而成为官方姓氏。根据罗马尼亚人名数据库,目前已经确定了175个活跃的姓氏,并在附录中提到了发生的地区和县频率
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引用次数: 0
Linguistic Study on the Sandipa Manuscript. Syntax (4.). Sentence Syntax (1. 桑地帕手稿的语言学研究。语法(4)。句子语法(1)
IF 0.1 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.52505/1857-4300.2022.2(317).02
Galaction Verebceanu
The article focuses on the description of syntactic processes that occur at the level of sentence parts. The characteristic features of the Subject, Predicate and Attribute from the text of the popular novel Sandipa are examined, a manuscript copy dated to the end of the 18th century in the northern part of historical Moldova and kept at the Russian State Library, Moscow (ms. Rom. 824). The syntactic phenomena are investigated from the point of view of their occurrence in the oldest Romanian language writings and in the contemporary ones with the manuscript we are dealing with, referring, as the case may be, to the situation in the current literary language.
本文着重描述发生在句子部分层次上的句法过程。对流行小说《桑迪帕》文本中的主语、谓语和定语的特征进行了研究,这是一份可追溯到18世纪末历史悠久的摩尔多瓦北部地区的手稿,保存在莫斯科的俄罗斯国家图书馆(Rom. 824女士)。句法现象是从它们在最古老的罗马尼亚语言作品和我们正在处理的手稿中出现的角度来研究的,根据情况可能是指当前文学语言的情况。
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引用次数: 0
Representations and Consequences of Moral Evil in Cenușă rece by Mihaela Perciun 《Cenușă》中道德恶的表现与后果,作者:米哈伊拉·佩尔西翁
IF 0.1 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.52505/1857-4300.2022.2(317).06
Constantin Ivanov
This article offers a literary analysis of the existential dilemmas and psychological traumas of the characters in Mihaela Perciun’s novel, Cenușă rece. The sources and the chain of causality that marked the destinies of the characters from the perspective of moral evil are particularly highlighted. We have shown that moral deviations and the constraint of freedom of conscience are what can create both social dissensions and identity fractures over time. By using black humor, the author illustrates an upside-down world, wicked and with values followed only on a declarative level, thus managing to offer us a full picture of this society. It also analyzes the drama of three generations of women and how the male character, Tudor Cocargea, marked their existence by one moral slip he committed. Thus, we found that the characters, although they are blood relatives, are devoid of affection and totally unknown to each other
本文对米哈埃拉·佩尔西恩的小说《Cenușă rece》中人物的生存困境和心理创伤进行了文学分析。从道德恶的角度出发,突出了标志着人物命运的根源和因果链。我们已经证明,随着时间的推移,道德偏差和良心自由的约束会造成社会纠纷和身份断裂。通过黑色幽默,作者描绘了一个颠倒的世界,邪恶的,只有在宣言的层面上遵循价值观,从而为我们提供了一个完整的社会图景。它还分析了三代女性的戏剧,以及男性角色都铎·科卡吉亚(Tudor Cocargea)如何因一次道德失误而标志着她们的存在。因此,我们发现,虽然他们是血亲,但他们缺乏感情,彼此完全不认识
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引用次数: 0
Land Lyricism and the Homodiegetic Narrative Register 土地抒情主义与同叙事语域
IF 0.1 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.52505/1857-4300.2022.2(317).08
Carolina Gabura
The homodiegetic narrator, emphasizing in his narrative emotional feelings of great sensitivity, often shows predispositions to lyricism. The source of this lyricism is located in the so-called original, artistic self, which works as a source of emotional irradiation that resonates in the person of the author. He, in turn, creates in the work, under the aspect of a fictional identity, a discursive instance, the narrator, following a human model, most often, his model. If the author himself as a person is marked by emotional exuberance, has inclinations towards the predominantly affective assessment of reality, then, mainly, his fictional self will be endowed with an emotional-psychological structure similar to his, so he will have a lyrical identity. And lyricism, intrinsic to the actual identity of the author, is called land. The article comprises some essential theses about the nature of land lyricism and its manifestations in the works written by M. Sadoveanu, L. Blaga, Z. Stancu
同质叙事的叙述者在叙事中强调高度敏感的情感,往往表现出抒情的倾向。这种抒情性的根源在于所谓的原始的、艺术的自我,它是一种情感辐射的来源,在作者身上产生共鸣。反过来,他在作品中创造了一个虚构的身份,一个话语的实例,叙述者,遵循一个人类模型,通常是他的模型。如果作者本人以情感丰富为特征,倾向于以情感为主的对现实的评价,那么他的小说自我就会被赋予与他相似的情感心理结构,从而具有抒情的身份。而抒情性,本质上是作者的真实身份,被称为“土地”。本文对萨多维亚努、布拉加、斯坦库等人的土地抒情诗的性质及其表现形式进行了论述
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引用次数: 0
Latin Aphorisms and Phrases: Classifications and Interpretations 拉丁文格言和短语:分类和解释
IF 0.1 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.52505/1857-4300.2022.2(317).04
Eugenia Mincu, Dorina Macovei, Natalia Rotari, Cristina Negru
In addition to updating classifications that have become traditional in analyzing Latin aphorisms and phrases (chronological perspective, ab ovo perspective), this article offers new perspectives to approach the Latin aphoristic corpus, such as the formal-semantic dimension, which allows attesting the phenomena of semantic increase, establishing relations of synonymy, antonymy, homonymy, inter- – intra-aphoristic levels, etc.; all these investigations are accompanied by etymological and semantic-pragmatic elucidations. The presence of figures of speech (antithesis, oxymoron, etc.) increases the degree of expressiveness of Latin formulas. The interpretation of the hypernymy phenomenon is based on the three-dimensionality: ontology, deontology, gnoseology, their concepts having the status of hypernyms in establishing the semantic field.
本文除了对拉丁格言语料库中已成为传统分析方法的分类(时间视角、反义词视角)进行更新外,还从形式语义维度对拉丁格言语料库进行了新的研究,以证明语义增加现象,建立同义词、反义词、同音、格言间、格言内等层次的关系;所有这些研究都伴随着语源学和语义语用学的阐释。修辞格(对偶、矛盾修饰法等)的出现增加了拉丁语公式的表现力。对超义现象的解释是基于本体论、义务论、灵知论三个维度,它们的概念在建立语义场中具有超义的地位。
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引用次数: 0
The Productivity of Lexemes of English Origin 英语源词汇的生产力
IF 0.1 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.52505/1857-4300.2022.2(317).03
Livia Caruntu-Caraman
The dynamism of a language is sustained by the flexible and receptive character at the lexico-semantic level. An important contribution to the development and enrichment of the current vocabulary is made not only by the lexemes of English origin (Anglicisms), but also by the derivatives produced from them. Integrated in the Romanian linguistic system, the newly created elements become authentic structural and functional units. In the present study, the author selected and analyzed a series of English words with extended circulation in the specialized languages and their lexical family, which they constitute/ complete in the meantime with units formed on Romanian territory. Most of the examined terms are recorded in the recent lexicographical works, but there are also words that circulate only in the mass media, in various fields of public activity and in the colloquial style, demonstrating the linguistic creativity and inventiveness of the users.
语言的动态性是由词汇语义层面的灵活性和可接受性来维持的。对现代词汇的发展和丰富作出重要贡献的不仅是源自英语的词汇(Anglicisms),还有由它们产生的衍生词。在罗马尼亚的语言系统中,新创建的元素成为真正的结构和功能单位。在本研究中,笔者选取并分析了一系列在各专业语言中具有延伸循环的英语词汇及其词汇族,这些词汇族与罗马尼亚领土上形成的单位同时构成/完整。大多数被审查的术语都记录在最近的词典编纂工作中,但也有一些词只在大众媒体中流通,在公共活动的各个领域和口语风格中,显示出使用者的语言创造力和发明性。
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引用次数: 0
The Roads Round Pisa by Karen Blixen — a play with a plot and a form 卡伦·布利克森的《比萨之路》——一部有情节、有形式的戏剧
IF 0.1 0 CLASSICS Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.21638/11701/spbu21.2022.107
Andrey V. Korovin
The article focuses on specific structural features of tales written by Karen Blixen, now considered to be the main Danish writer of the 20th century. Her first book, Seven Gothic Tales, was published in English in 1934. The Roads Round Pisa and other tales from this book are not only full of symbols and metaphors, but also have complex structures at the level of composition and of plot. The narration in Blixen’s writings contains intense action; it is a dramatization of the text. The concept of “theatricality” constantly exists in many her tales and it is important for the interpretation of ideas in The Roads Round Pisa: but this concept generally determines a form of the text and its composition, which has some similarity to the composition of 5-acts drama. The motive of a play becomes the important structural component in this text; it is also connected to the plot and to images. Personages in this tale play different roles and change many masks. There are two types of heroes: heroes — actors on the stage and heroes — members of audience in the tale. The motive of a play creates also a particular subtext — required for understanding hidden matters, which a plot is built on. Theatricality of a text, on the one hand, brings more complicity, diversity; clarity of perception often is lost, because there is a certain coded meaning in the narration. On the other hand, it forces a reader to search for ways to comprehend the text. It looks like a reader is involved in a play, and only if he accepts rules of this play, he can understand hidden meaning of all circumstances. Karen Blixen uses the concept of theatricality to create absolutely original narratives inherent only in her poetic manner.
本文着重分析了被认为是20世纪丹麦主要作家的凯伦·布利森小说的具体结构特征。她的第一本书《七个哥特故事》于1934年用英文出版。《比萨之路》和本书中的其他故事不仅充满了象征和隐喻,而且在构图和情节层面上都有复杂的结构。布利克森作品中的叙事包含着激烈的动作;这是对课文的戏剧化改编。“戏剧性”的概念在她的许多故事中不断存在,对于《比萨之路》的思想解释很重要:但这个概念通常决定了文本的形式及其组成,这与五幕戏剧的组成有一些相似之处。戏剧动机成为本文的重要结构组成部分;它也与情节和图像相连。这个故事中的人物扮演不同的角色,换了很多面具。英雄有两种:舞台上的演员和故事中的观众。戏剧的动机也创造了一种特殊的潜台词,这是理解隐藏的事情所必需的,而情节是建立在潜台词之上的。一个文本的戏剧性,一方面带来了更多的复杂性和多样性;感知的清晰性往往会丧失,因为叙事中有某种暗含的意义。另一方面,它迫使读者寻找理解文本的方法。读者就像置身于一出戏中,只有接受了这出戏的规则,他才能理解所有情境的隐含意义。凯伦·布利克森运用戏剧性的概念,创造出完全原创的叙事,这种叙事只存在于她诗意的方式中。
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引用次数: 0
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Philologia Classica
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