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Forgiveness Therapy as A Religious Conflict Resolution of Violence Conflict (Carok) in Pamekasan Madura 宽恕疗法作为一种宗教冲突解决暴力冲突(Carok)在帕梅卡桑·马杜拉
Pub Date : 2021-06-27 DOI: 10.19105/karsa.v29i1.4419
M. Takdir, M. Mushthafa, Wahyudi Akmaliah
This research efforts to answer the problem of conflict resolution models were used by Madurese society to resolve carok and why forgiveness can overcome carok conflict. The research tries to understand how the forgiveness stages between the parties involved in the case of carok in Madura? This research used a qualitative method to explore the power of forgiveness in the resolve of carok in Bujur Tengah Village, Batu Marmar, Pamekasan. In collecting data, the researcher used observation, interview, documentation, and triangulation techniques, while the analysis techniques used were data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. This research shows that the forgiveness model becomes a conflict resolution capable of controlling anger and retaliation to achieve true reconciliation. That is because the forgiveness mechanism has extraordinary power to rebuild the relationship or restore the effects of trauma from the victim's family. The forgiveness mechanism of forgiveness in the case of carok cannot be separated from the role of Kiai to resolve the disputes of land swap overland (village treasury) between two parties. The Kiai carries out many stages to accelerate the achievement of reconciliation; namely restoring security conditions, embracing the families of carok victims, strengthening friendship to prevent counter-conflict, the tabayyun process by presenting conflicting parties, accelerating dialogue, and holding reconciliation studies.
本研究试图回答冲突解决模型的问题,这些模型被马杜罗社会用来解决愤怒,以及为什么宽恕可以克服愤怒冲突。该研究试图了解马都拉卡洛克案件中当事人之间的宽恕阶段是如何发生的?本研究采用定性方法,探讨宽恕在巴梅卡桑巴图马尔马尔Bujur Tengah村解决问题中的力量。在收集数据时,研究者使用了观察、访谈、文献和三角测量技术,而分析技术则使用了数据简化、数据呈现和结论绘制。本研究表明,宽恕模式成为一种能够控制愤怒和报复的冲突解决方案,从而实现真正的和解。这是因为宽恕机制在重建关系或恢复受害者家庭创伤的影响方面具有非凡的力量。卡洛克案例中宽恕的宽恕机制离不开吉埃在解决双方土地交换纠纷(村库)中的作用。Kiai执行了许多阶段来加速和解的实现;即恢复安全条件,拥抱受害者家属,加强友谊以防止反冲突,通过介绍冲突各方,加速对话和进行和解研究来进行tabayyun进程。
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引用次数: 0
Santoso’s Jihadism, Deradicalization, and Humanization: A Preliminary Investigation on Indonesian Terrorism 桑托索的圣战主义、去极端化与人性化:印尼恐怖主义初探
Pub Date : 2021-06-17 DOI: 10.19105/karsa.v29i1.3876
Herdi Sahrasad, A. Chaidar, Dedy Tabrani, T. Ansari, Mai Dar
Indonesia. The rise of acts of terrorism by Santoso at that time makes the public ask: How far is the deradicalization program? Why do the various community groups become more radical and brave against the apparatus/officers who promote the deradicalization program? Humanization leads to the prevention or overcoming of intensification of conflict and escalation of violence, covering the way for human rights violations or acts of genocide. Humanization refers to a strategy designed to reduce the dynamics of conflict that are destructive and face violence, especially terrorism, as the culmination of radicalism. Indonesia is still not free from inter-religious conflict. Religion, which should be eager to spread liberation and peace for our fellow human beings, is just often breached, even disturbing the integrity of Unity in Diversity. Deradicalization also include humanization because it takes the participation of sincere and serious attention.
印度尼西亚。当时桑托索恐怖主义行为的增多,使公众不禁发问:去极端化计划到底走了多远?为什么不同的社区团体变得更加激进和勇敢地反对那些推动去激进化计划的机构/官员?人性化导致防止或克服冲突的加剧和暴力的升级,为侵犯人权或种族灭绝行为铺平道路。人性化指的是一种战略,旨在减少具有破坏性和面临暴力的冲突的动力,特别是作为激进主义顶点的恐怖主义。印度尼西亚仍然没有摆脱宗教间的冲突。宗教本应热切地为人类同胞传播解放与和平,却经常遭到破坏,甚至扰乱了“多元一体”的完整性。去极端化还包括人性化,因为它需要真诚和认真的关注参与。
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引用次数: 0
Islamophobia and Media Framing in West Media 西方媒体中的伊斯兰恐惧症与媒体框架
Pub Date : 2021-06-07 DOI: 10.19105/karsa.v29i1.3793
Nikmah Suryandari, S. Arifin
The focus of this article is to explain the lousy illustration of Islam and Muslims in international media. The media worldwide is considered the most influential medium that’s formed the views of human beings related to each phase of societies. The media carry out a massive position in building the listener perspective and mindset related to any problem that emerges within the whole globe. In this context, the audiences take delivery as genuine. They expect from media to symbolize a clean photo relate to any affair which is taking place at each countrywide and international floor. In western media, Muslims are represented as an “other alien” on a global level. After September 11, Muslims and Islam have recognized as backward and violent traditions and faith. Muslim communities and their households are generally sufferers and focused via non-Muslims, victimization of a veiled Muslim girl and religious guys in public locations, as victims and targeted against the law. In gift days, Islam and Muslims are represented as a terrorist, illiterate, extremist and backward in global media. Although the framing of Muslims and Islam, mainly after the 7/7 bombing, September 11 terrorist assault, and Paris assault, a massive number of look at and research installation, that the world over the inclination of media reporting is exceedingly located negativity in the direction of Islam and Muslims, through affiliating it with extremism and terrorism.
这篇文章的重点是解释国际媒体对伊斯兰教和穆斯林的糟糕描述。世界范围内的媒体被认为是最具影响力的媒体,它形成了与社会各个阶段相关的人类观点。媒体在建立听众对全球范围内出现的任何问题的看法和心态方面发挥着重要作用。在这种情况下,听众会把演讲当成是真实的。他们希望从媒体那里得到一个干净的照片,象征着在全国和国际舞台上发生的任何事情。在西方媒体中,穆斯林在全球范围内被描述为“另一个外星人”。911之后,穆斯林和伊斯兰教认识到传统和信仰是落后和暴力的。穆斯林社区和他们的家庭通常是受害者,并通过非穆斯林,一个戴面纱的穆斯林女孩和宗教男子在公共场所的受害者,作为受害者和针对法律。在礼物时代,伊斯兰教和穆斯林在全球媒体上被描绘成恐怖分子、文盲、极端主义和落后。虽然穆斯林和伊斯兰教的框架,主要是在7/7爆炸案,9 / 11恐怖袭击和巴黎袭击之后,大量的观察和研究装置,世界各地的媒体报道倾向于极端主义和恐怖主义,极端倾向于伊斯兰教和穆斯林的消极方向。
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引用次数: 3
Harmonious Values of Kupatan Tradition on Plosokandang Society, Tulungagung 波索坎当社会的库巴坦传统的和谐价值观,土伦加贡
Pub Date : 2021-06-03 DOI: 10.19105/karsa.v29i1.3781
Khabibur Rohman, Moh. Irsyad Fahmi Malik Rahma, Nailul Wirdah
This article aims to draw a comprehensive overview of some values which exist in Kupatan tradition on Plosokandang society, Tulungagung. The current research implements descriptive analysis, meanwhile the data collection method are interview, observation, and documentation. Kupatan is one tradition which happens by the reason of as a celebration that occurs after Eid al-Fitr. On Plosokandang-Tulungagung, Kupatan is held on the seventh day of Shawwal or 7 days after Eid. The result of the study shows that there is a value of harmony among society while applying kupatan. During kupatan, the people of Plosokandang distributed some kupat and various traditional foods to everyone who came to visit at this event who they didn't even know before. Moreover, the value of social harmony contained in the activity of Kupatan not only in according to Islam, but is also needed for a multicultural country like Indonesia.
本文旨在对土伦加贡普索坎当社会中存在的一些古巴坦传统价值观进行全面的概述。本研究采用描述性分析,数据收集方法为访谈法、观察法和文献法。Kupatan是一个传统,因为它是在开斋节之后举行的庆祝活动。在Plosokandang-Tulungagung, Kupatan在Shawwal的第七天或开斋节后的第7天举行。研究结果显示,在运用“库帕坦”时,存在社会和谐的价值。在kupatan期间,Plosokandang的人们分发一些kupat和各种传统食品给每个来参加这个活动的人,他们以前甚至不认识他们。此外,Kupatan活动所包含的社会和谐的价值不仅是伊斯兰教所需要的,也是印尼这样一个多元文化国家所需要的。
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引用次数: 0
Ngabulâ Vis-À-Vis Modernity: Tabarruk Practice in Bangkalan Pesantren
Pub Date : 2020-12-30 DOI: 10.19105/KARSA.V28I2.4026
Fera Andriani Djakfar, P. Permatasari
Ngabulâ is a tradition practiced by some santris in Bangkalan pesantrens in order to seek blessings (tabarruk) by serving the kiai. Those santris are called kabulâ or khaddam. In fact, ngabulâ is very important for kiai’s life and also the pesantren in Bangkalan, but unfortunately the study of it is still rarely done. Therefore, this research aims to explore several things: the meaning of ngabulâ in Bangkalan pesantren according to the actors and the dynamic of ngabulâ in Bangkalan pesantren based on the continuity and change theory conceptualized by John Obert Voll. This research was conducted in some pesantrens in Bangkalan from early 2019 to mid-2020, and the data was collected through interviews, observation, and documentation. This research used the paradigm of social definition by applying phenomenology. The theory used is continuity and change conceptualized by John Obert Voll in observing the resurgence of Islam in the modern world. This research concludes some facts: first, this study finds that ngabulâ for the actors involved in it (the kabulâ , kiai and their families, and the kabulâ ’s parents) means respect, dedication, learning media, and a source of blessings. Second, there is continuity and change in the ngabulâ, especially in the motives, goals, and forms of ngabulâ. To observe the continuity and change of it, the researcher uses the basic styles of action conceptualized by Voll with modification and addition, namely: adaptation, authority of the text, conservative actions, and charisma. In addition to this research, the researcher added one thing, i.e. generous manner of the kiai.
ngabulz是邦卡兰地区一些圣人为了寻求祝福(tabarruk)而进行的传统活动。这些圣人被称为kabul或khaddam。事实上,ngabulz对kiai的生活和Bangkalan的居民都非常重要,但不幸的是,对它的研究仍然很少。因此,本研究旨在探讨以下几个问题:从演员的角度探讨ngabul在邦卡兰俗语中的意义,以及基于John Obert Voll提出的连续性和变化理论探讨ngabul在邦卡兰俗语中的动态。本研究于2019年初至2020年年中在邦卡兰的一些居民中进行,通过访谈、观察和文献收集数据。本研究采用现象学的社会定义范式。所使用的理论是约翰·奥伯特·沃尔在观察伊斯兰教在现代世界的复兴时概念化的连续性和变化。本研究得出以下结论:首先,本研究发现,ngabul对于参与其中的参与者(kabul、kiai及其家人和kabul的父母)意味着尊重、奉献、学习媒介和祝福的来源。其次,ngabul具有连续性和变化性,尤其是在动机、目标和形式方面。为了观察它的连续性和变化,研究者使用了Voll概念的基本行动风格,并进行了修改和补充,即:适应,文本权威,保守行动和魅力。除了这项研究之外,研究人员还增加了一件事,即kiai的慷慨态度。
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引用次数: 0
Islamism Denounced: Madura Kiais’ Perspective of Nationalism 伊斯兰主义遭到谴责:马杜拉·凯伊斯的民族主义观点
Pub Date : 2020-12-27 DOI: 10.19105/karsa.v29i2.4876
Abd. A'la, Muktafi Muktafi, A. Bakar, M. Zamzami, Ahmad Fathan Aniq
The transmission of Islamism among the kiais and their students in Madura has become more critical to examine in the last decade. However, some kiais of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in Bangkalan Madura see that Islamism or political Islam will gradually erode their national commitment. This article intends to reinterpret the nationalism vision of several kiais of NU and measure the extent of their views on the ideology of Islamism discoursed by the Islamic Defenders Front (FPI). By interviewing several kiais, this study finds that the propagation of Islamism in Bangkalan has not been as massive as occurred in Pamekasan, another sub-districts in Madura. The FPI-style Islamism in Bangkalan has been propagated only by a small group though they are vigorously active on social media. The majority of the NU community remains devoted to nationalism, committing that the NKRI is the final state. Islamic moderation promulgated by the kiais has been widely accepted and deeply rooted among the NU community. They believe nationalism and religion should not be separated from the spirit of their struggle (khittah). These two elements have united within their fighting spirit and become the primary trigger in devoting themselves to the nation and state to preserve national sovereignty and the integrity of Indonesia.
在过去的十年里,伊斯兰教在马杜拉的凯伊及其学生之间的传播变得越来越重要。然而,位于邦卡兰·马杜拉的伊斯兰教士联合会(NU)的一些成员认为,伊斯兰主义或政治伊斯兰教将逐渐侵蚀他们对国家的承诺。本文旨在重新解读NU的几位kiais的民族主义愿景,并衡量他们对伊斯兰捍卫者阵线(FPI)所论述的伊斯兰主义意识形态的看法程度。通过采访几个kiais,本研究发现,伊斯兰主义在Bangkalan的传播并不像在Madura的另一个街道Pamekasan那样大规模。尽管在社交媒体上非常活跃,但孟加拉兰的fpi式伊斯兰主义只是由一小群人传播的。NU社区的大多数人仍然致力于民族主义,承诺NKRI是最终国家。kiais所颁布的伊斯兰温和主义已被广泛接受,并在NU社区中根深蒂固。他们认为民族主义和宗教不应该与他们的斗争精神(khittah)分开。这两个因素在他们的战斗精神中结合在一起,成为为维护印度尼西亚的国家主权和完整而献身于民族和国家的主要动力。
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引用次数: 0
Islam in Madurese’s Cosmological Interpretation: Structural Analysis of Tanean Lanjeng in Madura 马杜罗宇宙学阐释中的伊斯兰教:《马杜罗》中Tanean Lanjeng的结构分析
Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.19105/KARSA.V28I2.3057
Zuhri Humaidi
Madurese are known as devout Muslims. Islam and Madurese culture are two integrated identities like two sides of a coin. Islam and Madurese culture shape the value, word view and culture of Madurese people. Then, how significance are these two aspects in its cosmological order? What is Madurese’s cognitive structure in interpreting their world and forming a material culture? These questions are problems that will be revealed in this paper through research on Tanean Lanjeng, which is a typical settlement pattern in Madura. With Levi Strauss's structuralism approach, Tanean Lanjeng is seen as a code of conduct from the cognitive structure of the Madura people who formulate their ideas and actions. Tanean Lanjeng is a surface structure of a culture while the cognitive aspect is a deep structure. This paper further elaborates that the tanean lanjeng settlements in Madura not only have practical and social functions but show certain meanings that reflects the thinking and worldview of the Madurese. Values such as the equality of male and female relations, strong kinship ties, respect for certain figures, and Islam that are so deeply rooted in a structure that determines how Madurese behave, shape culture and interpret the world around them.
马杜罗人被认为是虔诚的穆斯林。伊斯兰教和马杜罗文化就像一枚硬币的两面一样,是两个完整的身份。伊斯兰教和马杜罗文化塑造了马杜罗人的价值观、世界观和文化。那么,这两个方面在它的宇宙秩序中有多重要呢?在解读他们的世界和形成物质文化时,马杜雷人的认知结构是怎样的?这些问题是本文将通过对马都拉典型聚落模式——塔尼安兰井的研究来揭示的问题。根据Levi Strauss的结构主义方法,Tanean Lanjeng被视为马杜拉人的认知结构的行为准则,他们制定了自己的想法和行动。语言层次是文化的表层结构,而认知层次是文化的深层结构。本文进一步阐述了马杜洛拉人的兰井聚落不仅具有实用和社会功能,而且具有一定的意义,反映了马杜洛拉人的思想和世界观。诸如男女关系平等、牢固的亲属关系、对某些人物的尊重以及伊斯兰教等价值观深深植根于一种结构,这种结构决定了马杜罗人的行为、塑造文化和解读周围世界。
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引用次数: 0
The Transformation of Values in A Catfish Folklore 《鲶鱼民间传说》中的价值转换
Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.19105/KARSA.V28I2.3520
Uril Bahruddin, Qomi Akit Jauhari, Nur Faizin, Muhammad Widus Sempo
Industrial developments have brought many significant changes in various fields of life, especially agriculture and education. It seems that the transformation of the agricultural sector and fishpond farming in Medang Village, Glagah, Lamongan are affected by the catfish folklore that keep the people concerned for generations. This is a phenomenological research and the results are descriptive and qualitative. The data are described and interpreted hermeneutically. The results indicate that the catfish folklore contains a number of educational values that dynamically developed along with the people's beliefs about the folklore as a myth. This transformation of educational values includes: the value of ubudiyyah, the value of the struggle in the life; and the moral value. This transformation occurs through the intervention of many parties, both internal and external ones, such as the local government, the elders, the community leaders  as well as educators. Other factors are technological development and the development of the fishery industry. This research suggests the stakeholders of the village level, districts, and regencies to make the folklore as a medium in learning the educational values. The society, especially the fishpond farmer at Medang village are suggested to preserve the folklore without preventing it to be known. The scholars and the artists can also bring this folklore to life and present it in a more interesting format, both in a pure and classic appearance and in collaboration so that it can be presented as a myth that has a profound meaning.
工业的发展给生活的各个领域,特别是农业和教育带来了许多重大的变化。拉蒙干格拉加梅丹村的农业部门转型和鱼塘养殖似乎受到了世世代代人们关注的鲶鱼民间传说的影响。这是一项现象学研究,其结果是描述性和定性的。数据被描述和解释。结果表明,鲶鱼民间传说所蕴含的多种教育价值,是随着人们对鲶鱼民间传说作为神话的信仰而动态发展的。这种教育价值观的转变包括:乌布迪耶的价值观,人生奋斗的价值观;还有道德价值。这种转变是通过多方的介入而发生的,既有内部的也有外部的,比如当地政府、长者、社区领袖以及教育工作者。其他因素是技术的发展和渔业的发展。本研究建议村级、区级和县级的利益相关者将民间传说作为学习教育价值的媒介。建议社会,特别是梅当村的鱼塘农民保护民间传说,不要阻止它的传播。学者和艺术家也可以将这个民间传说赋予生命,并以一种更有趣的形式呈现出来,既以纯粹经典的形式呈现,又以合作的形式呈现,使其成为一个具有深刻意义的神话。
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引用次数: 1
Religious Harmony Construct Amid A Plural Community in East Java 东爪哇多元社区中的宗教和谐建构
Pub Date : 2020-12-14 DOI: 10.19105/KARSA.V28I2.3777
D. Mardiana, M. Yusuf, Asyraf Isyraqi Bin Jamil
This study examined the harmonization of five religions (Islam, Catholicism, Protestantism, Hinduism, and Buddhism) that are adhered to by the people of Mojorejo Village, Batu, East Java. This village has an important role, as it becomes the first area in Batu, East Java – that implement and develop the concept of religious pluralism and harmonization in one village area thus it has been awarded as “A Village that is Aware of Religious Harmony” from the government of Batu. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the constructs of religious harmony that have been successfully established in Mojorejo Village, Batu, East Java. The theory underlying this study is Nurcholis Madjid’s theory of humanist pluralism. This study used a qualitative approach to produce descriptive data in the form of oral, written, and observable behavior. Through three data collection methods (observation, in-depth interview, a study of documents), this study concludes that the religious harmony construct of the Mojorejo Village community is established from a pattern of accustoming mutual respect among villagers which is carried out both naturally and sustainably. This continuity manifests through cooperation in three ways: religious, social, and cultural cooperation so that it can lead to the emerge of perspectives, ideas, and a social environment capable of maintaining and preserving religious plurality in harmony. Therefore, the application of religious harmony in Mojorejo Village, Batu, East Java can be used as an alternative solution for other areas in locating and facilitating religious plurality so that it remains harmonious amid a pluralistic community.
这项研究调查了东爪哇巴图Mojorejo村人民信奉的五种宗教(伊斯兰教、天主教、新教、印度教和佛教)的统一情况。这个村庄扮演着重要的角色,因为它成为东爪哇巴图第一个在一个村庄地区实施和发展宗教多元化和和谐概念的地区,因此它被巴图政府授予“意识到宗教和谐的村庄”。因此,本研究旨在了解在东爪哇巴图Mojorejo村成功建立的宗教和谐建构。本研究的理论基础是努尔乔利斯·马吉德的人文多元主义理论。本研究采用定性方法,以口头、书面和可观察行为的形式产生描述性数据。本研究通过观察法、深度访谈法和文献研究法三种数据收集方法得出结论:Mojorejo村社区的宗教和谐构建是建立在村民之间相互尊重的模式之上的,这种模式是自然而可持续地进行的。这种连续性通过三个方面的合作表现出来:宗教、社会和文化合作,从而导致观点、思想和社会环境的出现,从而能够维持和维护宗教多元化的和谐。因此,在东爪哇巴图Mojorejo村应用宗教和谐可以作为其他地区寻找和促进宗教多元化的替代解决方案,以便在多元化社区中保持和谐。
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引用次数: 1
Prophetic Communication: Transcendental Dimension In Islamic Philanthropy Messages 先知沟通:伊斯兰慈善讯息的先验维度
Pub Date : 2020-06-12 DOI: 10.19105/karsa.v28i1.2807
Yuliana Rakhmawati
Indonesia Islamic philanthropy had been growing tremendously. Trends in institutions platforms in managing Islamic philanthropy brought the divergence of channel message distribution. Those institutions made convergence interdisciplinary innovation. Islamic philanthropy institutions obligate to distribute the message in an ethical manner. They employed prophetic communication values in engaging the public sphere with persuasive communication commonly. Prophetic communication design is a custom to promote transcendental dimension of contemporary communication praxis. The prophetic term uses the cognition proximity design refers to Prophet Muhammad as a role model. This research was conducted to get an overview of the prophetic communication representation in the Islamic philanthropic messages distribution. Analytical techniques use qualitative document analysis. The subject in this research is the display of text on the site of Islamic philanthropic foundations official website Rumah Zakat, Yayasan Dana Al-Falah, and Lembaga Manajemen Infaq. The theme categories enrich found with selective coding. The results of the analysis are discussed using the concepts of prophetic communication, message production theory, goal-plan-action theory, action-making theory, and cognitive dissonance theory. For further research could obtain from the communication management of more specific philanthropic objects.
印尼的伊斯兰慈善事业一直在飞速发展。管理伊斯兰慈善事业的机构平台趋势带来了渠道信息分发的分化。这些机构进行了跨学科的融合创新。伊斯兰慈善机构有义务以道德的方式传播信息。他们将预言性的传播价值观运用到公共领域中,通常是说服性的传播。先知传播设计是当代传播实践中提升先验维度的一种习俗。先知用语用认知接近设计指先知穆罕默德为榜样。本研究旨在对伊斯兰教慈善信息分布中的先知传播表征进行概述。分析技术使用定性文件分析。本研究的主题是伊斯兰慈善基金会官方网站Rumah Zakat、Yayasan Dana Al-Falah和Lembaga Manajemen Infaq网站上的文本展示。主题类别丰富发现选择性编码。分析结果运用了预言传播理论、信息产生理论、目标-计划-行动理论、行动制定理论和认知失调理论等概念进行了讨论。进一步的研究可以从更具体的慈善对象的沟通管理中获得。
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引用次数: 2
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Karsa: Journal of Social and Islamic Culture
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