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Mobile-assisted English language learning for young learners during COVID-19 distance learning: Teachers’ experiences and voices 新冠肺炎远程学习期间年轻学习者的手机辅助英语学习:教师的经验和声音
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-24 DOI: 10.18326/register.v16i1.168-185
Misdi, Anisa Andiani Ramadina, Nor Syamimi Iliani Che Hassan, Kardi Nurhadi
Despite a number of previous studies investigating online learning during the COVID-19 outbreak, more needs to be reported about TEYL teachers’ insightful experiences in photovoice. To fill this gap, the current phenomenological case study aimed at exploring TEYL teachers’ experiences in enacting MALL during the distance learning period amidst the COVID-19 pandemic using photovoice. Two teachers were recruited as the study participants. The data were garnered from the participants’ photovoice collections depicting critical incidents and interviews. The results showed that MALL was perceived as a powerful instructional method in distance English learning amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. The teachers reported that they encountered several obstacles caused by unstable internet networks, difficulty in direct supervision of young learners, and the requirement of extra effort to prepare interesting teaching materials. On a positive note, MALL has benefited the teachers by enriching their experiences using various mobile applications for their English language instructions. The enactment of MALL has also foregrounded parents’ important roles in monitoring their children’s use of mobile devices. Drawing from the findings, this research implies that photovoice can be used to explore teachers' and students’ life experiences with distance learning in Indonesian teacher education.
尽管之前有一些研究调查了新冠肺炎疫情期间的在线学习,但关于TEYL教师在photovoice上的深刻体验,还需要更多的报道。为了填补这一空白,本研究旨在探索TEYL教师在COVID-19大流行期间使用photovoice进行远程学习的经验。两名教师被招募为研究参与者。这些数据是从参与者描述关键事件和访谈的照片中收集的。结果表明,在新冠肺炎疫情背景下,MALL教学被认为是一种有效的远程英语教学方法。教师们反映,他们遇到了一些障碍,包括网络不稳定、难以直接监督年轻学习者、需要额外努力准备有趣的教材。积极的一面是,MALL丰富了教师使用各种移动应用程序进行英语教学的经验。MALL的颁布也凸显了父母在监控孩子使用移动设备方面的重要作用。根据研究结果,本研究表明,在印尼教师教育中,光电语音可以用来探索教师和学生的远程学习生活体验。
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引用次数: 0
Ten Years after Sutton (2012): Quo Vadis Feedback Literacy? (A Bibliometric Study) 萨顿之后的十年(2012):维持Vadis的反馈素养?(文献计量学研究)
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-05-23 DOI: 10.18326/register.v16i1.139-167
I. Gozali, Abdul Syahid, N. Suryati
Drawing on the construct of Academic Literacy, Paul Sutton coined the term "Feedback Literacy" in 2012. Since then, a growing body of research on Feedback Literacy has emerged from scholars worldwide. This bibliometric study then intended to trace the historical development of Feedback Literacy research over a decade and identify future trends and directions in the field. Extracting from the Scopus database and employing Bibliometrix R-tool, this study seeks to reveal the performance analysis and science mapping of the construct. PRISMA 2020 was utilized to guide the articles' search, screening, selection, and reporting. The result of the performance analysis revealed the most prominent journal (Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education), author (David Carless), article (Carless & Boud, 2018), and keywords (students-related feedback) in feedback literacy research. The conceptual, intellectual, and social structure analyses under science mapping provided insight into popular and fundamental research themes and the collaboration network among feedback literacy authors, with Australian researchers at the forefront. The findings imply that feedback literacy is a fertile ground for further research on topics such as students-related feedback, online feedback, ecological factor, and dialogic feedback. Studies outside of the context of higher education are still under-represented. This study can also aid novice scholars m finding relevant references or outlets for publication.
根据学术素养的概念,保罗·萨顿在2012年创造了“反馈素养”一词。从那时起,世界各地的学者开始对反馈素养进行越来越多的研究。这项文献计量学研究旨在追溯十多年来反馈素养研究的历史发展,并确定该领域的未来趋势和方向。本研究从Scopus数据库中提取数据,利用Bibliometrix R-tool工具,揭示该结构的性能分析和科学映射。使用PRISMA 2020来指导文章的搜索、筛选、选择和报道。绩效分析的结果揭示了反馈素养研究中最突出的期刊(《高等教育评估与评价》)、作者(David Carless)、文章(Carless & Boud, 2018)和关键词(学生相关反馈)。科学地图下的概念、智力和社会结构分析提供了对流行和基础研究主题的洞察,以及反馈素养作者之间的合作网络,澳大利亚研究人员处于最前沿。研究结果表明,反馈素养是进一步研究学生反馈、在线反馈、生态因素和对话反馈等主题的沃土。高等教育背景之外的研究仍然缺乏代表性。本研究也可以帮助新手学者寻找相关的参考文献或发表的渠道。
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引用次数: 0
Intercultural Communicative Competence Model Using English Literature: A Case Study at Some Islamic Universities in Indonesia 运用英语文学的跨文化交际能力模型:以印尼一些伊斯兰大学为例
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.18326/register.v16i1.112-138
Juliastuti, Magfirah Thayyib, Haerazi Haerazi
The acquisition of intercultural competence is considered paramount in enabling learners to engage comfortably with individuals from diverse linguistic and cultural backgrounds. The ability to communicate and interact appropriately with individuals from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds is increasingly recognized as a fundamental component of the 21st century learning skillset. To investigate the attitudes, knowledge, and skills of students in relation to intercultural activities, this study employs a literature-based instructional approach. The implementation of the Intercultural communicative competence through English Literature (ICC-EL) paradigm among 92 students enrolled in the English Education Study Program at an Islamic higher education institution is the subject of this study. The research adopted a mixed-method approach to generate both quantitative and qualitative data. Specifically, a questionnaire was administered to students upon the completion of the course to elicit quantitative data, while qualitative data was obtained through observation of the students' performance by the course lecturer. The results demonstrate that the implementation of the ICC-EL model has proven to be successful in stimulating the students' intercultural communication skills. Furthermore, the study of literary materials in the form of English novels has encouraged students to administer their awareness of intercultural communication skills. The incorporation of a variety of techniques has provided students with greater exposure to diverse languages and cultures, thereby encouraging them to manage their intercultural communication skills. The assessment of intercultural communication competency employed in the ICC-EL model is deemed appropriate and adaptable for implementation in different language teaching and evaluation contexts.
跨文化能力的习得对于学习者能够自如地与来自不同语言和文化背景的人交流至关重要。与来自不同文化和语言背景的人进行适当沟通和互动的能力越来越被认为是21世纪学习技能的基本组成部分。为了调查学生在跨文化活动中的态度、知识和技能,本研究采用了基于文献的教学方法。本研究以一所伊斯兰高等教育机构英语教育学习计划的92名学生为研究对象,探讨透过英语文学学习跨文化交际能力(ICC-EL)模式的实施。本研究采用混合方法生成定量和定性数据。具体来说,在课程结束后对学生进行问卷调查,获得定量数据,而课程讲师则通过观察学生的表现来获得定性数据。结果表明,ICC-EL模式的实施在激发学生的跨文化交际能力方面取得了成功。此外,英语小说形式的文学材料的学习鼓励学生管理他们的跨文化交际技巧的意识。各种技巧的结合为学生提供了更多接触不同语言和文化的机会,从而鼓励他们管理自己的跨文化交际技巧。ICC-EL模型所采用的跨文化交际能力评估被认为适用于不同的语言教学和评价环境。
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引用次数: 1
Teachers’ Intercultural Communicative Competence and Intercultural Sensitivity: An Investigation of Emergency Online Classes in Higher Education 教师的跨文化交际能力和跨文化敏感度——对高等教育应急网课的调查
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.18326/register.v16i1.73-94
A. Ghajarieh, Samaneh Safiyar
The study aims to ascertain whether intervention workshops held for Iranian EFL teachers had any effect on their knowledge of intercultural communicative competence (ICC) or of intercultural sensitivity (IS). The study investigated the effect of knowledge about ICC and IS on the practice of EFL teachers. 30 EFL teachers participated in a six-session workshop on ICC and IS, and completed the ICC Questionnaire (Zhou, 2011) and the IS Questionnaire (Chen & Starosta, 2000) before and again after the workshops. A further 10 teachers underwent a semi-structured interview designed to obtain their knowledge of ICC and IS. In addition, 10 classes were observed and 10 students took part in a semi-structured interview to identify the effect of ICC and IS knowledge on teachers’ practice. The results indicated that the intervention workshops had a significant effect on both the teachers’ ICC and IS knowledge. All respondents considered themselves interculturally competent and sensitive English teachers who showed respect for different cultures. It was also found that knowledge about ICC and IS had influenced EFL teachers’ practice. These findings have the potential to raise EFL teachers’ awareness of the prominence of ICC and IS, and inspire them to seek opportunities for improvement and consequently improve their job performance.
本研究旨在确定为伊朗英语教师举办的干预讲习班是否对他们的跨文化交际能力(ICC)或跨文化敏感性(IS)的知识有任何影响。本研究探讨了国际商务英语知识和信息系统知识对英语教师实践的影响。30名英语教师参加了为期6期的国际交流与信息系统研讨会,并在研讨会前后分别填写了国际交流问卷(Zhou, 2011)和国际交流问卷(Chen & Starosta, 2000)。另外10名教师接受了半结构化访谈,以了解他们对国际商会和信息系统的了解。此外,我们还观察了10个班级,并对10名学生进行了半结构化访谈,以确定ICC和IS知识对教师实践的影响。结果表明,干预工作坊对教师的ICC和IS知识均有显著影响。所有受访者都认为自己是具有跨文化能力和敏感的英语教师,尊重不同的文化。研究还发现,国际商务英语和信息系统的知识对英语教师的实践产生了影响。这些发现有可能提高英语教师对ICC和IS的重要性的认识,并激励他们寻求改进的机会,从而提高他们的工作绩效。
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引用次数: 0
Marriage, Conflict, and Communication: Pragmatic Inquiry into Impoliteness in the Marital Relationship 婚姻、冲突与沟通:对婚姻关系中不礼貌行为的语用研究
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.18326/register.v16i1.24-48
Shan-shan Li, Y. Wu
The issue of impoliteness has long been a matter of interest in linguistic investigations. Considerable research has been conducted to uncover factors and features regarding the realizations of impoliteness in multiple social contexts. This study engages in a pragmatic inquiry into impoliteness in the marital relationship. The data of this study consisted of a TV episode from one famous on-site mediation reality program in China. Primarily drawing on Bousfield’s (2008) model of impoliteness realizations, this study used a qualitative approach to examine the means by which the couple in a marital relationship causes face-attacking effects and ultimately arouses conflicts. The primary findings of this study indicate that couples might struggle with various communicative challenges. A problematic marital relationship tends to be signaled in some practices of impoliteness. This study has identified thirteen realizations of impoliteness linguistically and behaviorally that indicate gender variations concerning the couple’s frequent impoliteness practices.      
长期以来,不礼貌问题一直是语言学研究中关注的问题。已经进行了大量的研究,以揭示在多种社会背景下实现不礼貌的因素和特征。本研究对婚姻关系中的不礼貌行为进行了语用探究。本研究的数据包括中国一个著名的现场调解真人秀节目的一集电视节目。本研究主要借鉴Bousfield(2008)的不礼貌实现模型,采用定性方法来检验婚姻关系中的夫妻造成面子攻击效应并最终引发冲突的方式。这项研究的主要发现表明,夫妻可能会在各种沟通挑战中挣扎。有问题的婚姻关系往往表现在一些不礼貌的行为中。这项研究从语言和行为上确定了13种不礼貌的认识,表明这对夫妇频繁的不礼貌行为存在性别差异。
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Qualities that Prevent EFL Teachers from Redundancy 探究防止外语教师冗余的素质
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.18326/register.v16i1.95-111
I. D. G. R. Dwiyana Putra, Sayit Abdul Karim, Iswandany Kaslan
The practice of English language teaching has dramatically changed with the existence of Internet-based learning platforms. The educational technology provides EFL students with a variety of language learning materials that can be accessed at any time and anywhere. These phenomena might threaten the teacher's existence. Thus, this study aims to figure out whether or not EFL teachers’ roles can be replaced by technology and to explore what qualities they should possess and maintain to prevent them from redundancy due to the domination of mobile-based language learning applications. A mix-method design was utilized to obtain the quantitative data through an online survey and qualitative data through an open-ended question. 199 EFL learners participated in the online survey, which consisted of a yes/no question on whether teachers could be replaced by mobile apps and an open-ended question to record the reasons. The findings showed that 132 students (66.3%) thought that teachers could not be replaced by mobile technology; meanwhile, around one-third of the respondents, 67 students (33.7%) had the opposing thought. The students still require human interaction, a sense of emotion, and delivery over the mobile tech features that could provide availability, flexibility, and practicality. It is highly recommended that English teachers maintain their humane qualities while keep adapting to technology to save themselves from redundancy.
随着网络学习平台的存在,英语教学实践发生了巨大的变化。教育技术为EFL学生提供了各种语言学习材料,这些材料可以在任何时间、任何地方访问。这些现象可能威胁到教师的生存。因此,本研究旨在弄清楚EFL教师的角色是否可以被技术所取代,并探索他们应该拥有和保持什么样的素质,以防止他们因基于移动的语言学习应用程序的主导而被冗余。采用混合方法设计,通过在线调查获得定量数据,通过开放式问题获得定性数据。199名英语学习者参加了这项在线调查,其中包括一个关于教师是否可以被手机应用程序取代的是/否问题,以及一个记录原因的开放式问题。调查结果显示,132名学生(66.3%)认为移动技术无法取代教师;与此同时,约三分之一的受访者,67名学生(33.7%)有相反的想法。学生们仍然需要人与人之间的互动、情感和对移动技术功能的交付,这些功能可以提供可用性、灵活性和实用性。强烈建议英语教师在保持人文素质的同时,不断适应技术,避免裁员。
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引用次数: 0
Proposing A Web-Based Interactive Module for Education for Sustainable Development in English for Computer Science 计算机科学英语可持续发展教育交互式模块的构建
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.18326/register.v16i1.1-23
Dewi Sari Wahyuni, Yenni Rozimela, Havid Ardi, Mukhaiyar Mukhaiyar, T. S. E. Fatdha
English for Computer Science (ECS), as part of English for Specific Purposes (ESP), is designed to teach students the English required in computer science. In this paper, the writers proposed to incorporate Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) into ECS to encourage student engagement by presenting current concerns relevant to their life experiences. The work is a position paper in which the writers argue for the importance of building a web-based interactive module for ESD in ECS. Our arguments are supported in the following sections; English for Specific Purposes (ESP), Content Language Integrated Learning (CLIL), English for Computer Science (ECS), Education for Sustainable Development (ESD), Instructional Material limited to Module and E-Module, and related research. The writers propose developing an interactive web-based module for ESD in ECS so that students have more fun while they are studying. It is anticipated that students will be able to study the module at their own pace and according to their capabilities. This module is paperless; it contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). As instructional materials, the module will also assist ECS students in overcoming classroom time constraints and relating what they learn to future concerns, careers, and professionalism.
计算机科学英语(ECS)是专门用途英语(ESP)的一部分,旨在教授学生计算机科学所需的英语。在本文中,作者建议将可持续发展教育(ESD)纳入ECS,通过介绍当前与学生生活经历相关的问题来鼓励学生参与。这项工作是一篇立场论文,作者在其中论证了在ECS中构建基于web的ESD交互模块的重要性。以下各节支持我们的论点;特殊用途英语(ESP)、内容语言综合学习(CLIL)、计算机科学英语(ECS)、可持续发展教育(ESD)、仅限于模块和电子模块的教学材料以及相关研究。作者建议在ECS中开发一个基于web的交互式ESD模块,让学生在学习的同时获得更多的乐趣。预计学生将能够按照自己的节奏和能力学习该模块。该模块无纸化;它有助于实现可持续发展目标。作为教学材料,该模块还将帮助ECS学生克服课堂时间限制,并将他们所学内容与未来的关注点、职业和专业精神联系起来。
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引用次数: 0
Thematic Structure in Students’ Writings: Implications on their Ideas Organization and Development 学生写作中的主位结构对思想组织与发展的启示
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.18326/register.v16i1.49-72
Zefki Okta, A. Ashadi, Sulis Triyono, Dwiyanto Djoko Pranowo
Thematic structure is an important concept in organizing ideas in academic writing. Although numerous studies have focused on investigating how it is realized in students' writing, only a few focus on investigating thematic structure in students' text across different proficiency levels. This article is based on a study analyzing idea organization and development in 24 high and low-scoring essays through Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL). It was a qualitative content analysis with complementary quantitative data. The results show significant differences in how ideas are organized and developed in high and low-scoring essays. Even though all types of Themes (topical, interpersonal, textual Theme) were observed in both groups, the high-scoring essays elaborated more themes than the low ones indicating that the high-scoring essays comprised more clauses. As for Thematic Progression, all the patterns were present in the essays. The Linear Theme pattern was primarily applied in high-scoring essays, while the Constant Theme pattern was applied frequently in the low-scoring ones. The Split Rheme pattern was less observed in all the students' essays. These findings indicate that the high achievers provided more expounded ideas through linear theme patterns, whereas their counterparts tended to focus on a subject reflected through Theme reiteration. Thus, this implies that proficiency characterized writers in organizing and developing ideas in writing as reflected through thematic Choice and Progression.
主位结构是学术写作中组织思想的一个重要概念。尽管许多研究都集中在调查它是如何在学生写作中实现的,但只有少数研究集中在调查不同水平学生文本中的主题结构。本文以系统功能语言学(SFL)为工具,分析了24篇高、低分论文的思想组织与发展。这是一个具有补充定量数据的定性内容分析。研究结果显示,在高分和低分论文中,思想的组织和发展方式存在显著差异。尽管在两组中都观察到了所有类型的主题(主题、人际关系、篇章主题),但高分论文阐述的主题比低分论文阐述的更多,这表明高分论文包含的从句更多。关于主题推进,所有的模式都出现在文章中。线性主题模式主要应用于高分作文,而恒定主题模式在低分作文中应用较多。在所有学生的作文中都很少观察到“分体-Rheme”模式。这些发现表明,高成就者通过线性主题模式提供了更多阐述的想法,而他们的同伴倾向于关注通过主题重复反映的主题。因此,这意味着作家在写作中组织和发展思想的熟练程度,这反映在主题选择和推进上。
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引用次数: 1
Scrutinizing Register Realization in Facebook Trading Group 审查Facebook交易组的注册实现
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-10-15 DOI: 10.18326/rgt.v15i2.311-330
Antonius Setyawan Sugeng Nur Agung, Monika Widyastuti Surtikanti, Masfa Maiza, Efrika Siboro
This study aims at scrutinizing the register pattern used by the sellers in promoting their goods in the popular Facebook trading group used by people in Ngabang, West Borneo, “Ngabang Jual-Beli”. The group is an ambient representation of language variation used in West Borneo. The register analysis covers the field, tenor, and mode of the discourse. The data analysis encompasses domain, taxonomy, componential, and cultural theme analysis modified by Santosa (2017). The domain covers the kinds of goods being sold. The taxonomy analysis is the three meta functions in the SFL framework. The combined domain and taxonomy in the componential analysis figure out the register pattern in the group. The findings reveal that in the field of discourse, the posted clauses are dominated by the use of the material process, relational identification, and relational attributive process. The material process reflects the experiential meaning of the current activities. Meanwhile, the information of the goods realizes relational identification and relational attributive processes. With respect to the tenor of discourse, there is a tendency for the sellers to use declarative clauses which reflect equal status between the sellers and the customers by considering the minimal social distance. Furthermore, in the mode of discourse, the unmarked topical theme reflects as the majority of the ellipsis subject referring to the sellers. The study implies that the language used in digital trading should consider the participants, the relationship among the participants, and the media used to persuade their target market.Keywords: Facebook trading group, online shop, register, systemic functional linguistics
这项研究的目的是仔细审查卖家在推广他们的商品在流行的Facebook交易组中使用的注册模式,在Ngabang,西婆罗洲,“Ngabang Jual-Beli”。该群体是西婆罗洲使用的语言变体的环境代表。语域分析包括语域、语旨和语篇模式。数据分析包括领域、分类、成分和文化主题分析,由Santosa(2017)修改。该域涵盖了所售商品的种类。分类分析是SFL框架中的三个元功能。在成分分析中结合域和分类法来确定组中的注册模式。研究发现,在语篇领域中,谓语从句主要使用材料过程、关系识别过程和关系定语过程。物质过程反映了当前活动的经验意义。同时,商品信息实现了关系识别和关系归因过程。在语篇基调方面,卖主倾向于使用反映卖主和顾客之间平等地位的陈述句,考虑到最小的社会距离。此外,在语篇模式中,未标记的话题主题反映为大多数省略主语指的是卖方。研究表明,在数字交易中使用的语言应该考虑参与者,参与者之间的关系,以及用于说服目标市场的媒体。关键词:Facebook交易群,网上商店,注册,系统功能语言学
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引用次数: 0
Exploring Lecturers’ Standpoints in Composing Digital Fiction and Students’ Multimodal Literacy Level 讲师创作数字小说的立场与学生的多模式素养
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2022-09-07 DOI: 10.18326/rgt.v15i2.264-283
Fiftinova Fiftinova, Nandang Heryana, Ida Rosmalina
Multimodality which encourages the combination of text, image, sound, and videos could be varied from class to class. Multimodal literacy as a new dimension of literacy in the 21st century has emerged as a critical skill that EFL students must develop, given its role as a source of meaning in communication. The purpose of this study was to identify the level of students’ multimodal literacy and to identify lecturers’ standpoints on students’ multimodal literacy. This study was conducted both quantitatively and qualitatively and involved 71 EFL students who took creative writing subject in an English education program in one state university in South Sumatera. The data were collected by distributing a questionnaire from Bulut et al. (2015) and by interviewing 3 lecturers who taught the subject. Descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA were used to determine mean, standard deviation and differences in terms of gender and classes with different lecturer; qualitative data were thematically analyzed to categorize the themes. The results indicated that students’ multimodal literacy level was categorized high as indicated by the mean of each aspect of questionnaire: 4.22, 4.11 and 3.6 respectively. There was no different level of multimodal literacy between male and female students, and different lecturers with different instructions did not influence the level.. Finally, the lecturers perceived positively to students’ multimodal literacy . Similarly, referring to the lecturers’ view, the students gave positive attitude towards multimodal writing and hence making their multimodal digital fiction successful. Keywords: Multimodal Literacy, Digital Fiction, Creative Writing, EFL
鼓励文本、图像、声音和视频组合的多模式可能因班而异。多模式识字作为21世纪识字的一个新维度,已经成为EFL学生必须发展的一项关键技能,因为它在交流中是意义的来源。本研究的目的是确定学生的多模式识字水平,并确定讲师对学生多模式识字的看法。这项研究是定量和定性的,涉及71名在南苏门答腊一所州立大学的英语教育项目中学习创造性写作的EFL学生。数据是通过分发Bulut等人的问卷收集的。(2015)并采访了3名教授该主题的讲师。使用描述性统计和单因素方差分析来确定不同讲师在性别和班级方面的平均值、标准差和差异;对定性数据进行主题分析,对主题进行分类。结果表明,学生的多模式识字水平较高,问卷各方面的平均值分别为4.22、4.11和3.6。男女学生的多模式识字水平没有差异,不同讲师的不同指导也不会影响这一水平。。最后,讲师对学生的多模式识字能力有积极的感知。同样,参考讲师的观点,学生们对多模式写作持积极态度,从而使他们的多模式数字小说取得了成功。关键词:多模式识字、数字小说、创意写作、EFL
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引用次数: 0
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