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A Child Language Acquisition in Indonesian and English Language: A Longitudinal case study 印尼语和英语儿童语言习得的纵向个案研究
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI: 10.18326/rgt.v12i2.126-156
Somariah Fitriani
Learning a dual language at the same time during early childhood has caused the wrong perception. Its false perception makes the parents delay the start of learning a second /foreign language. Therefore, This study aims at analyzing the first and second language acquisition of a child in the Indonesian Language and English. The issues concentrated on the spoken utterances in Indonesian and English and its affecting factors. The research adopted a qualitative approach by using a case study, as the unit analysis is a child of 3 years old. For data collection, I employed The naturalistic approach, which I kept daily notes on the progress of a child’s linguistic and recorded the dialogues. Since it is a longitudinal study, the research was conducted for two years, from 2014 to 2015. The research has revealed that utterances spoken have primarily increased and the child has already understood the commands by following the instructions. Some concepts such as feeling, taste, color, and numbers as well as short phrases and simple words in Indonesian and English at the same time can be understood and uttered.  She also can change the affirmative sentence to question in term of objects she sees in her surrounding. Factors such as linguistic inputs, imitation, environment, and significant others as exposure, and language acquisition device affect a child utterance. Thus, it indicates that two languages can be taught at the same time at an early age, and it doesn’t cause misunderstanding or confusion utterance, language acquisition, exposure, L1 and L2
在儿童早期同时学习双语会造成错误的认知。它的错误认知使父母推迟了学习第二语言/外语的开始。因此,本研究旨在分析儿童在印尼语和英语中的第一语言和第二语言习得情况。问题集中在印尼语和英语口语及其影响因素上。这项研究采用了定性的方法,使用了一个案例研究,因为单元分析是一个3岁的孩子。为了收集数据,我采用了自然主义的方法,每天记录孩子的语言进步,并记录对话。由于这是一项纵向研究,该研究从2014年到2015年进行了两年。研究表明,说话的次数主要增加了,孩子已经按照指示理解了命令。印尼语和英语中的一些概念,如感觉、味道、颜色和数字,以及短语和简单单词,都可以同时理解和说出。她还可以根据她在周围看到的物体将肯定句改为疑问句。语言输入、模仿、环境、重要他人(如暴露)和语言习得手段等因素会影响儿童的话语。因此,它表明两种语言可以在很小的时候同时教授,并且不会引起误解或混淆——话语、语言习得、暴露、L1和L2
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引用次数: 7
The Global local planes of English needs in Indonesian contexts 印尼语境中英语需求的全球局部层面
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI: 10.18326/rgt.v12i2.262-293
C. Manara
ABSTRACT This article reports one part of a larger study, exploring the global and local English needs in nine secondary level schools in several Indonesian contexts (i.e. Sumatera, Sulawesi, and East Nusa Tenggara). The study investigates: 1) teachers and students perceived understanding of the existence of English in their local contexts; 2) opinions of their current local and global needs of English in today’s globalized era; and 3) their opinion on the teaching and learning of English. Data were collected from questionnaires and interviews. The results show that students in different contexts have slightly different views and perceptions of English use and how it needs to be learned and taught for their current and future needs of English. Although slightly different in their perceptions of needs, there seems to be a coordinated understanding of English needs between the students and teachers. The findings also indicate that there is a growing awareness of the need to teach the communicative aspects of English in relation to students’ activities online. Therefore, the teaching of English needs to be conducted by providing more English exposure, integrating blended learning, adopting English for Specific Purposes approach, and teaching pragmatics knowledge and intercultural skills.
摘要本文报道了一项更大规模研究的一部分,该研究探讨了印尼几个地区(即苏门答腊岛、苏拉威西岛和东努沙登加拉岛)九所中学的全球和当地英语需求。本研究调查了:1)教师和学生在当地语境中对英语存在的感知理解;2) 在当今全球化时代,他们对当地和全球英语需求的看法;(3)他们对英语教学的看法。数据是通过问卷调查和访谈收集的。研究结果表明,不同背景下的学生对英语使用以及如何学习和教授英语以满足他们当前和未来的英语需求有着略微不同的看法和看法。尽管他们对需求的看法略有不同,但学生和老师对英语需求的理解似乎是协调一致的。研究结果还表明,人们越来越意识到有必要在学生的网络活动中教授英语的交际方面。因此,英语教学需要通过提供更多的英语接触,整合混合学习,采用特定目的英语方法,教授语用学知识和跨文化技能来进行。
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引用次数: 0
The Cultural Significance in Greeting Practices in Belo Dialect of the Bima Language 毕马语贝洛方言问候语的文化意义
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI: 10.18326/rgt.v12i2.206-234
A. Alek
Indonesia is the home to a vast array of cultures and many unique languages that are the mother tongues of these various islands and cultural groups. One of these is Bima language. Greeting systems and the address of personal names has long been a question of great interest in linguistic fields, especially sociolinguistic study. The main objective of the recent study was to answer some of the main issues as follows: (1) What are name variations in the greeting practices using in the Bima language? (2) How are the name variations applied in daily interactions of the Bima language? (3) Which syllables which are dominantly chosen in greeting terms? The results of my research will present the variations in the greeting system and address of personal names and their variety. Those variations are either at the beginning, the middle or the end of the syllables. However, none of the Bima people’s names begin with a consonant: “C, P, V, and X” as well as the vowel O.” it will also show that the variation of greeting practices and address of names applied in the daily interactions of the Bima language are different for men and women. The effort of maintaining the local style is essential to preserving and investigating as part of the national language because the position and function of the local languages are significant to the contribution and the progress and standardization of the national language. Keywords : Greeting practices, Bima language, and cultural significance
印度尼西亚是众多文化和许多独特语言的家园,这些语言是这些不同岛屿和文化群体的母语。其中之一就是毕马语。问候语系统和人名的称呼一直是语言学领域,特别是社会语言学研究的一个热点问题。最近这项研究的主要目的是回答以下一些主要问题:(1)比马语问候语中使用的名字变体是什么?(2) 名称变体是如何应用于比马语的日常互动中的?(3)哪些音节在问候语中占主导地位?我的研究结果将展示问候语系统和人名地址的变化及其多样性。这些变体要么在音节的开头,要么在音节中间,要么在词尾。然而,没有一个比马人的名字以辅音开头:“C、P、V和X”以及元音O。这也表明,在比马语的日常互动中,问候方式和名字地址的变化对男性和女性来说是不同的。保持地方风格的努力对于作为国家语言的一部分进行保存和调查至关重要,因为地方语言的地位和功能对国家语言的贡献、进步和标准化具有重要意义。关键词:问候语、比马语和文化意义
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引用次数: 1
Coinage and Neologism in Hausa Political Programs: A Sociolinguistics Perspective 豪萨政治纲领中的造词与新词:一个社会语言学的视角
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI: 10.18326/rgt.v12i2.294-311
Abdulkadir Abu Bakar Zailini
Linguistic aspect of language development is not an event that occur abruptly; rather, it pass through processes that take place gradually over time, in a stage by stage development. This paper dwells on linguistic issues on coinage and neologism arising in Hausa political programmes in the media, from the sociolinguistic perspective, which gave birth and rebirth of words/phrases meaning. New words/phrase are created, the existing ones are lexically and semantically expanded to accommodate new meanings in Hausa language usage. It observes and explains how some Hausa lexical items as well as sentences are used in the media political programmes in such a way that the language has new words and meanings; and instances of coinage and neologism in Hausa in the media are discussed.
语言发展的语言学方面不是突然发生的事件;相反,它会经历一个阶段一个阶段的发展过程,随着时间的推移而逐渐发生。本文从社会语言学的角度探讨了媒体豪萨政治节目中出现的新词和造词的语言学问题,这些问题催生了词语/短语意义的诞生和再生。新单词/短语被创建,现有单词/短语在词汇和语义上被扩展,以适应豪萨语使用中的新含义。它观察并解释了一些豪萨语词汇和句子是如何在媒体政治节目中使用的,从而使语言具有新的单词和意义;并讨论了媒体上豪萨语中的铸币和新词。
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引用次数: 0
Proposing a Gaming Language Analysis Procedure to Reveal Video Game Ideology through Ludic Linguistics 提出一种游戏语言分析程序,用鲁德语言学揭示电子游戏意识形态
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-11-27 DOI: 10.18326/rgt.v12i2.235-261
SF. Luthfie Arguby Purnomo, Khristianto Khristianto
This study proposes a procedural analysis on the implementation of ludic linguistics to analyze gaming language with wordplays, the core of focus in ludic linguistics, as the point of departure. To formulate the procedural analysis, theories of language play by Crystal ideology of influence and ludonarrative model by Aarseth, wordplay in gaming context by Paul, intended meaning level by Stiles, wordplay transmission by Winter-Froemel, game interface types by Stonehouse and indexical storytelling by Fernandez-Vara were applied as the theoretical foundation. To provide a vivid application of the proposed procedural analysis, wordplays appearing on game assets from Konami’s Metal Gear Solid, Metal Gear Solid 2: Sons of Liberty, and Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater were taken as examples of analysis. The five steps procedure is able to show how wordplays in gaming context are designed as mechanical cues to help gamers complete the games and as narrative cues to help them comprehend the story. Further, this proposed procedure is able to indicate that the mechanical and narrative cues have particular ideology of influence, which affects gamers in reacting and responding to particular problems presented by the games. The result of this study discloses future research on the roles of wordplays in gaming context, signifying the importance of ludic linguistics as a bridge between language studies and game studies. Keywords: Wordplay; Gaming Language; Ludic Linguistics; Game Dtudies; Metal Gear Solid
本研究提出了一个关于鲁迪语言学实施的程序分析,以鲁迪语言学关注的核心——文字游戏为出发点来分析游戏语言。为了形成程序分析,应用了Aarseth的Crystal影响意识形态和ludonarative模型的语言游戏理论、Paul的游戏语境中的文字游戏理论、Stiles的意向意义水平理论、Winter Froemel的文字游戏传播理论、Stonehouse的游戏界面类型理论和Fernandez-Vara的指数叙事理论作为理论基础。为了生动地应用所提出的程序分析,以科乐美的《金属装备固体》、《金属装备2:自由之子》和《金属装备3:食蛇者》中出现在游戏资产上的文字游戏为分析示例。五个步骤的程序能够展示游戏环境中的文字游戏是如何被设计为帮助玩家完成游戏的机械提示和帮助他们理解故事的叙事提示的。此外,这一提出的程序能够表明,机械和叙事线索具有特定的影响意识形态,这会影响游戏玩家对游戏提出的特定问题的反应。这项研究的结果揭示了未来对文字游戏在游戏语境中的作用的研究,标志着滑稽语言学作为语言研究和游戏研究之间桥梁的重要性。关键词:文字游戏;游戏语言;卢德语言学;游戏研究;金属齿轮实心
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引用次数: 0
Trick of Political Identity: Analysing Appraisal System on 212 Movement Reunion in Online Media 政治认同的伎俩:网络媒体对“二一二”运动团圆的评价体系分析
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.18326/RGT.V12I1.62-80
Fahmi Gunawan, Yopi Thahara, Faizal Risdianto
This study aims to evaluate the appraisal system of the 212 movement reunion in online media. Data were from the news of  “trick of political identity” in Tirto online media. Data analysis was conducted using Spradley's theory modified by Santosa. The results indicate that appraisal system pattern of 212 reunion movement utilize attitude (43%), graduation (15%) and engagement system (42%). The attitude system uses a 42% affective subsystem pattern and 58% subsystem judgment. Graduation system uses a 70% force and 30% focus pattern. The engagement system is dominated by the use of heterogloss patterns of 82% rather than 18% monoglos. This percentage shows that the author discusses political identity in the 212 movement reunion. In his writing, the author is objective, neutral, independent and adheres to the principle of professionalism. This is proven by the high percentage of subsystem judgment 58% on the attitude system and 82% heterogloss usage on engagement system. The high percentage of use of focus force patterns shows that the author tries to use language that is easily understood by the wider community Keywords: Media online; Political Identity; 212 Movement Reunion; Appraisal System.
本研究旨在评估网络媒体对212运动重聚的评价体系。数据来自Tirto网络媒体上的“政治身份的把戏”新闻。数据分析采用Santosa修正的Spradley理论。结果表明,212团聚运动的评价体系模式采用态度(43%)、毕业(15%)和参与体系(42%)。态度系统使用42%的情感子系统模式和58%的子系统判断。分级系统使用70%的力和30%的聚焦模式。接合系统主要使用82%的异光图案,而不是18%的单光图案。这一百分比表明,作者在212运动的重聚中讨论了政治身份。在写作中,作者客观、中立、独立,并坚持专业原则。姿态系统上58%的子系统判断和接合系统上82%的杂光使用证明了这一点。焦点力量模式的使用比例很高,这表明作者试图使用更广泛的社区容易理解的语言关键词:在线媒体;政治认同;212运动重聚;评估系统。
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引用次数: 3
Corrective Feedbacks and Grammar Teaching in a Situated Teaching Context of Process-Based Writing 过程型写作情境教学中的纠正反馈与语法教学
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.18326/RGT.V12I1.28-48
H. Hartono, C. Anwar, A. Murtiningrum
This study was aimed at finding out 1) how learners in a specific teaching-learning context namely process-based academic essay writing perceived the importance of corrective feedbacks (CF); 2) what CF was expected the most; 3) in what way learners preferred to have their CF  provided; and 4) how learners perceived the importance of grammar teaching. It was conducted at English Literature Department of a university in Central Java Indonesia. Forty two students who were taking Essay Writing course served as the subjects for the study. The course itself was delivered in a process-based writing in which content development and rhetoric were given more emphasis than grammar accuracy was. Data for the study were collected by questionnaire and a semi-structured interview with 5 guided questions. The findings suggest that learners still considered CFs as highly important and useful for their writing improvement. Learners expected to have comprehensive CFs of grammar, vocabulary, spelling, organization and punctuation, and CF on grammar was the most preferred one. In terms of CF provision technique, underlying and making notes were the most preferred techniques. Finally, this study concludes that the shift of approach from a product-based to a process-based did not significantly change learners’ focus from forms to content.
本研究旨在了解1)在特定的教学环境中,即基于过程的学术论文写作中,学习者如何感知纠正反馈(CF)的重要性;2) 对CF的期望最高;3) 学习者更喜欢以何种方式提供CF;以及4)学习者如何感知语法教学的重要性。它是在印度尼西亚中爪哇一所大学的英语文学系进行的。42名参加论文写作课程的学生作为研究对象。课程本身是以过程为基础的写作,内容开发和修辞比语法准确性更受重视。研究数据通过问卷调查和半结构化访谈收集,共有5个指导性问题。研究结果表明,学习者仍然认为CF对他们的写作进步非常重要和有用。学习者应具备语法、词汇、拼写、组织和标点符号方面的全面CF,而语法CF是最受欢迎的CF。就CF提供技术而言,底层和制作笔记是最受欢迎的技术。最后,本研究得出结论,从基于产品的方法向基于过程的方法的转变并没有显著改变学习者从形式到内容的注意力。
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引用次数: 2
The Implementation of SQ3R Method to Develop Students’ Reading Skill on Islamic Texts in EFL Class in Indonesia SQ3R方法在印尼外语课堂上的应用培养学生伊斯兰文本阅读能力
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.18326/RGT.V12I1.49-61
Abdul Gafur Marzuki
The study aims at analyzing the development of students’ reading skill on Islamic texts in EFL class in Indonesia through SQ3R method. The research was designed as a collaborative classroom action research which was carried out at TBI-4 FTIK IAIN Palu. The subject of the research was the third semester students of TBI-4 FTIK IAIN Palu consisting of 24 students. The research was conducted in one cycle through stages of planning, acting, observing and reflecting. The cycle consists of three meetings. The researcher with his collaborator collected the data by using observation checklists, field notes, camera recording, and test. The result showed that the SQ3R method could develop students’ reading skill. This fact was supported by the result of achievement test. There were 19 students (75%) who got score greater than 80 of 24 students, there were 6 students who could not reach the score. The research was stopped after the third meeting of cycle 1 in which the result of students’ achievement test have met the criteria of success. Based on this finding, the researcher concluded that the implementation of SQ3R method in teaching and learning process can develop students’ reading skill on Islamic texts.Keywords: Implementation, Reading Skill, SQ3R method.
本研究旨在运用SQ3R法分析印尼英语课堂中学生伊斯兰文本阅读技能的发展。本研究被设计为一项合作课堂行动研究,在IAIN Palu的TBI-4 FTIK进行。本研究的对象是在帕卢的TBI-4 FTIK第三学期的学生,共24名学生。研究是在一个循环中进行的,通过计划,行动,观察和反思阶段。这个周期包括三次会议。研究人员和他的合作者通过使用观察清单、现场笔记、相机记录和测试来收集数据。结果表明,SQ3R方法能够培养学生的阅读能力。这一事实得到了成绩测试结果的支持。24名学生中有19名(75%)得分在80分以上,6名学生未达到80分。在第一周期的第三次会议上,学生的成就测试结果达到了成功的标准,研究就停止了。基于这一发现,研究者得出结论,在教学过程中实施SQ3R方法可以培养学生对伊斯兰文本的阅读能力。关键词:实施,阅读技巧,SQ3R法。
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引用次数: 6
THE ADJACENCY PAIRS ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH TEACHING AND LEARNING IN HEARING-IMPAIRMENT STUDENTS 听力障碍学生英语教与学的邻接对分析
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.18326/rgt.v12i1.81-99
Nahar Nurun Nafi', Desika Rinanda, Sularti Sulari
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to investigate the components of adjacency pairs which appear in a conversation between an English teacher and hearing-impairment students in a special need classroom. Another aim is to find the dominance of English teacher in the special need classroom. Data are collected from a classroom observation, recording and transcribing their conversation during the teaching and learning activities in English classroom. Meanwhile, data analysis is carried out by identifying, analyzing and classifying based on Mc Charty’s theory of adjacency pairs., It is then found that there are 9 kinds of adjacency pairs committed from the interaction between English teachers and the hearing-impairment students as follows: (1) Compliment / Acceptance, (2) Information / Acknowledgement, (3) Greeting / Greeting, (4) Invitation / Acceptance, (5) Offer / Refusal, (6) Question / Answer, (7) Summons / Answer, (8) Accusation / Denial, (9) Offer / Acceptance. This study reveals a fact that various adjacency pairs occur in the special need classroom even though the teacher’s role is also quite powerful in the special need classroom. The finding of this study may become the reference for the teachers and practitioners who need deep understand toward characteristics of the special needs students especially for the impairment students.  Keywords: Adjacency Pairs, Teaching and Learning, Hearing-impairment Students
摘要本研究旨在探讨在特殊需要课堂中,英语教师与听障学生对话中邻接语对的成分。另一个目的是寻找英语教师在特殊需要课堂中的主导地位。数据是通过课堂观察收集的,记录和转录他们在英语课堂教学活动中的对话。同时,基于Mc Charty的邻接对理论对数据进行识别、分析和分类。结果发现,在英语教师与听障学生的互动中,存在9种邻接关系,分别是:(1)赞美/接受,(2)信息/承认,(3)问候/问候,(4)邀请/接受,(5)提议/拒绝,(6)提问/回答,(7)传唤/回答,(8)指责/否认,(9)提议/接受。本研究揭示了一个事实,即尽管教师在特殊需要课堂中的作用也相当强大,但在特殊需要课堂中仍会出现各种邻接对。本研究的发现可为需要深入了解特殊需要学生,特别是障碍学生特点的教师和实践者提供参考。关键词:邻接对,教与学,听障学生
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引用次数: 1
Exploring the Potential of online English Websites In Teaching English To Non-Linguistic Major Students: BreakingNewsEnglish As Example 探索在线英语网站在非语言专业学生英语教学中的潜力——以《突发新闻英语》为例
IF 2.1 Q4 EDUCATION & EDUCATIONAL RESEARCH Pub Date : 2019-06-11 DOI: 10.18326/RGT.V12I1.1-12
Saad Boulahnane, Viktoriia S. Abramova
The Internet has captured the attention of teachers and language instructors from all over the world due to its online teaching materials. The Internet-based material has allowed distance-learning projects. This article explores the potential role of EFL websites as a supplement in classroom instruction. As an example, an English-language based news website, www.breakingnewsenglish.com, has been designed to teach English to non-linguistic major students. The authors of this article offer methodological recommendations on using Internet-based materials, describe stages of work with authentic texts, and note linguistic and communicative skills developed in the course of work. The recommendations have been formed based on teachers and students’ descriptions of the materials provided by the website in question. This descriptive article will hopefully contribute to the literature on online teaching and learning materials, particularly in the field of EFL.Keywords: foreign languages, online educational resource, news website, communicative skills
互联网因其在线教学材料而吸引了世界各地教师和语言教师的注意。基于互联网的材料使得远程学习项目成为可能。本文探讨了外语网站作为课堂教学补充的潜在作用。例如,一个以英语为基础的新闻网站www.breakingnewsenglish.com被设计用来教非语言专业的学生英语。本文的作者提供了关于使用基于互联网的材料的方法建议,描述了使用真实文本的工作阶段,并注意到在工作过程中发展的语言和沟通技巧。这些建议是根据教师和学生对相关网站提供的材料的描述而形成的。这篇描述性的文章希望对在线教学材料的研究,特别是对英语教学领域的研究有所贡献。关键词:外语;在线教育资源;新闻网站
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引用次数: 6
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