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Minority press and control in the Ottoman State and the Republic of Turkey: the example of the Armenian press 奥斯曼帝国和土耳其共和国的少数民族新闻及其控制:以亚美尼亚新闻为例
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.58934/jgss.v4i13.132
Cafer Ulu, K. Ozden
In line with the stages that humanity has gone through, the technique of putting information on paper with symbols has evolved gradually. Modern printing techniques evolved from early printing techniques and materials. Subjects of the Ottoman Empire closely followed advances in Europe, and the printing press was introduced there. Armenians significantly advanced printing and publishing in the Ottoman and Turkish Republic eras. They established printing facilities and published books, periodicals, newspapers, and other things. While carrying out these activities, they sometimes received awards, but they had problems in some periods. Due to some of the contents in the materials they published, they were punished such as closing the newspapers and magazines, having the books confiscated, or not being brought into the country. The Turkish government has also closely followed materials published abroad. While examining the minority press in the Ottoman and Turkish Republics, this article focuses on the Armenian press.
与人类所经历的阶段相一致,用符号把信息写在纸上的技术是逐渐发展起来的。现代印刷技术是从早期的印刷技术和材料发展而来的。奥斯曼帝国的臣民紧跟欧洲的发展,印刷机在那里被引进。亚美尼亚人在奥斯曼帝国和土耳其共和国时代显著推进了印刷和出版。他们建立了印刷设施,出版书籍、期刊、报纸和其他东西。在开展这些活动时,他们有时会得到奖励,但在某些时期也会出现问题。由于他们出版的材料中的一些内容,他们受到了诸如关闭报纸和杂志,没收书籍或不被带入该国等惩罚。土耳其政府也密切关注国外出版的材料。在研究奥斯曼和土耳其共和国的少数民族新闻时,本文主要关注亚美尼亚新闻。
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引用次数: 1
Achieving work effectiveness in organisations through group behaviour in Nigeria 通过尼日利亚的群体行为实现组织的工作效率
Pub Date : 2023-02-20 DOI: 10.58934/jgss.v4i13.134
A. A. Oditah, A. A. Kifordu, Japhet Mordi
The study was designed to examine how achieving work effectiveness through group behaviour can be successful in Nigeria.  Three hypotheses derived from the specific objectives of the study were tested. The study adopted the cross-sectional research design. The study used quantitative data and which was gathered with the questionnaire. This data collection instrument was validated and also subjected to a reliability test before it was used for the collection of data. The questionnaire was used to elicit responses from 70 respondents that constitute the sample size. The data generated from the fieldwork was extracted from the measuring instrument and then subjected to inferential statistical analysis for the testing of the hypotheses. The chi-square statistical tool was used to test the hypotheses. Based on our analysis, it was found that there is a relationship between group behaviour and the courses of organizational conflict.  Based on the above, it was recommended among others that organisations, should always try to put into consideration the desires, needs and personal feelings of the workers.
这项研究的目的是研究如何通过群体行为在尼日利亚成功地实现工作效率。从研究的具体目标中得出的三个假设进行了检验。本研究采用横断面研究设计。该研究使用了定量数据,这些数据是通过问卷调查收集的。该数据收集仪器在用于数据收集之前经过了验证并进行了可靠性测试。该问卷被用来从70个受访者中引出答案,这些受访者构成了样本量。从实地工作中产生的数据从测量仪器中提取出来,然后进行推论统计分析,以检验假设。采用卡方统计工具对假设进行检验。通过分析发现,群体行为与组织冲突的过程之间存在一定的关系。基于以上所述,建议组织应始终考虑到员工的愿望、需求和个人感受。
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引用次数: 0
Interrogating the administrative absurdity(ies) of monetization policy of Obasanjo’s administration; the way forward 试论奥巴桑乔政府货币化政策的行政荒谬性前进的道路
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.31039/jgss.v3i12.104
Mutiullah A. Olasupo, Ojeka Martins King
This paper is on Interrogating the Administrative Absurdities of Monetization Policy of Obasanjo’s Administration and the Way Forward. The Philosophy behind Obasanjo’s monetization policy was to reduce wastage and improve on the performance of public servants. The policy attracted several positive effects both to the public service of Nigeria and to the Nigerian economy even though we know that no policy is perfect. The paper adopted Fredrick Winslow Taylor Scientific Management Theory as its Theoretical Analysis due to it’s scientific theory of the science of work. The paper relied on secondary method of data collection with textbooks, research papers, magazines, newspapers, government publication and the world wide web as its sources. There is no gain stating the obvious that there are several absurdities that bedeviled the monetization policy of Obasanjo, no wonder the policy could not outlined Obasanjo. It is based on these absurdities as highlighted above that this paper want to suggest that there should be revisiting of the monetization policy to accommodate all categories of personnel within the public service in Nigeria. the reason for this is to minimize or eliminate bias by other agencies that were not captured by the monetization components.
本文是对奥巴桑乔政府货币化政策的行政荒谬及其未来走向的质疑。奥巴桑乔货币化政策背后的理念是减少浪费,提高公务员的表现。这项政策对尼日利亚的公共服务和尼日利亚的经济都产生了一些积极的影响,尽管我们知道没有什么政策是完美的。本文采用了弗雷德里克·温斯洛·泰勒的科学管理理论作为理论分析,因为它是关于工作科学的科学理论。本文采用二手数据收集方法,以教科书、研究论文、杂志、报纸、政府出版物和万维网为来源。毫无疑问,奥巴桑乔的货币化政策存在一些荒谬之处,难怪该政策无法勾勒出奥巴桑乔的轮廓。正是基于上述所强调的这些荒谬之处,本文想建议应该重新审视货币化政策,以适应尼日利亚公共服务部门内所有类别的人员。这样做的原因是为了尽量减少或消除未被盈利组件捕获的其他机构的偏见。
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引用次数: 0
Interrogating the relationship between banditry and illegal mining in Nigeria; implications to national development in post–covid period; a peep into Bagega in Zamfara State illegal mining site 调查尼日利亚土匪与非法采矿之间的关系;后疫情时期对国家发展的影响;在扎姆法拉州的非法采矿点Bagega窥视
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.31039/jgss.v3i12.103
Aliyu Ozovehe Ilias, Ukpeli Peter, Ojeka Martins King
Mining is one of the activities of government that yield enormous income into its confers for the purpose of running and managing its social, economic, and political affairs. But when these activities of government are neglected, it, however, fall into the hands of illegal miners who are not regulated. It is overtaken by scrupulous elements who may want to cash in for the purpose of promoting illegality aimed at undermining development and promoting insecurity, through banditry which is regarded as terrorism. This paper adopted the Elite Theory for the purpose of providing an explanation within the context and content of this paper. The choice of adopting this theory was because it best suits the explanation of illegal mining which is sponsored by the political and economic big wits of the society. The methodology adopted by this paper in terms of data collection is both primary and secondary methods of data collection and the survey research design was used. The presenters were in the area where these illegal mining activities takes place in Bagega in Zamfara State for the purpose of having first hand information apart from the fact that revenue accruing to the Federal Government are lost, most of the proceed from these activities are used for acquisition of weapons, hiring of personnel for the purpose of banditry and provision of logistics to aid illicit activities and other crimes which are inimical to national development. In order to deal with illegal mining in Nigeria, this paper provides that stiffer penalty should be made in line with the amendment of the Mining Act of 2007 to reduce or eliminate illegal mining in Zamfara State, and again, the issue of mining should be removed from the Exclusive list, for the purpose of proper regulation to deal with illegal mining activities in Nigeria.  
采矿是政府的一项活动,它为政府提供巨额收入,用于运行和管理其社会、经济和政治事务。但是,当政府的这些活动被忽视时,它就会落入不受监管的非法矿工手中。它被一些谨慎的分子所取代,他们可能想通过被视为恐怖主义的盗匪活动,为促进旨在破坏发展和促进不安全的非法行为赚钱。为了在本文的语境和内容范围内进行解释,本文采用了精英理论。之所以选择采用这一理论,是因为它最适合解释由社会的政治和经济大智慧赞助的非法采矿。本文在数据收集方面采用的方法是数据收集的主要方法和次要方法,并采用了调查研究设计。演讲人在扎姆法拉州Bagega进行这些非法采矿活动的地区,目的是为了获得第一手资料,除了联邦政府的收入损失之外,这些活动的大部分收益都用于购买武器、雇用人员从事盗匪活动和提供后勤以协助非法活动和其他危害国家发展的罪行。为了处理尼日利亚的非法采矿,本文提出应根据2007年采矿法的修正案采取更严厉的惩罚措施,以减少或消除Zamfara州的非法采矿,并且再次将采矿问题从排他性清单中删除,以便适当监管处理尼日利亚的非法采矿活动。
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引用次数: 0
The challenges of democracy on multi-ethnic and multi-religious African states; a study of Nigeria 非洲多民族、多宗教国家面临的民主挑战对尼日利亚的研究
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.31039/jgss.v3i12.106
Musa Ibori, Olufade George Tayo
This paper is on challenges of democracy on multi-ethnic and multi-religious African states; a study of Nigeria. The emergence of globalization has thrown up democracy as one of the best system of government. African states and their leaders continuous to see states in Africa not with democracy as an outcast due to the advantages that democracy suppose to bring, but in Nigeria, democracy tend to be bedeviled by several Lacunas. The paper adopted the Elite Theory as basis for explanation and relied on the secondary method of data collection as it methodology, although democracy was suppose to provide development, close the gap of ethnicity and religion in Nigeria but it has not due to the lacuna associated with democracy in Nigeria. It is base on these lacuna that the paper by recommendation suggest that the Nigerian Constitution should be amended to deal with those grey area that make democracy through participation a burden to the ordinary man as democracy should really be seen as government of the majority, as popular candidate does not need to buy peoples conscience to emerge a leader and Nigeria democracy should be designed to be DEVELOPMENTAL oriented. It is only when Nigeria’s Democracy is patterned along provision of development that the dividend of democracy can be accessible to Nigerians because democracy was suppose to provide succour and not pains.
这篇论文是关于多民族、多宗教的非洲国家面临的民主挑战;对尼日利亚的研究全球化的出现使民主成为最好的政府制度之一。非洲国家和他们的领导人一直认为非洲国家的民主不是被抛弃的,因为民主应该带来的好处,但在尼日利亚,民主往往被几个拉库纳所困扰。本文采用精英理论作为解释的基础,并依靠数据收集的次要方法作为方法论,虽然民主应该提供发展,缩小尼日利亚的种族和宗教差距,但由于尼日利亚与民主相关的空白,它没有。正是基于这些缺陷,本文建议修改尼日利亚宪法,以处理那些通过参与使民主成为普通人负担的灰色地带,因为民主应该真正被视为多数人的政府,因为受欢迎的候选人不需要购买人民的良心来出现领导人,尼日利亚民主应该被设计为以发展为导向。只有当尼日利亚的民主以提供发展为模式时,尼日利亚人才能获得民主的红利,因为民主应该提供帮助而不是痛苦。
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引用次数: 0
Public policy and border management in Nigeria: implications of President Buhari’s 2019 policy on land borders closure 尼日利亚的公共政策和边境管理:布哈里总统2019年陆地边境关闭政策的影响
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.31039/jgss.v3i12.97
S. Idoniboye-Obu
Land borders closure policy is a border management policy which is used by countries to preserve their national integrity, protect their socio-political interests, and to enhance their economy and national development. This study accordingly examined public policy and border management in Nigeria with focus on the implications of Buhari’s 2019 policy of land borders closure. The study adopted the human needs theory as theoretical framework for the study. The study employed descriptive survey design and a sample size of 40 respondents purposively selected from Seme, Idiroko, and Mfun border areas using the purposive sampling technique. The study used both primary and secondary data while analyses were made using simple percentage and content analytical model. Based on the data analysis, the study found that the policy on land borders closure has neither improved border management nor reduced the rate of smuggling and insecurity in Nigeria. It equally established that the policy has not significantly improved the national development of the country. The policy did not only cause loss of jobs and shut down of businesses but negatively impacted on the indigenous manufacturing companies and also increased the price of food in the country. Based on the above findings, the study recommended among others that the Nigerian Government should draft a proper plan on how to improve border management in Nigeria and man the unregulated routes. This can be done by expanding and dispatching border security agents to those illegal routes. This would help to reduce smuggling, terrorists and criminal activities in the country. The study concluded that the policy on land borders closure posed negative impacts on both Nigeria and her neighboring countries.  
陆地边界关闭政策是各国为维护国家完整、保护社会政治利益、促进经济和国家发展而采取的一项边境管理政策。因此,本研究考察了尼日利亚的公共政策和边境管理,重点关注布哈里2019年关闭陆地边界政策的影响。本研究采用人的需要理论作为研究的理论框架。本研究采用描述性调查设计,采用有目的抽样技术,从Seme、Idiroko和Mfun边境地区有目的地选择40名受访者。本研究采用一手资料和二次资料,分析采用简单的百分比和含量分析模型。根据数据分析,该研究发现,关闭陆地边界的政策既没有改善边境管理,也没有降低尼日利亚的走私率和不安全状况。它同样确定,该政策并没有显著改善该国的国家发展。该政策不仅造成失业和企业倒闭,而且对本国制造公司产生了负面影响,还提高了该国的食品价格。根据上述调查结果,该研究建议尼日利亚政府就如何改善尼日利亚的边境管理和管理不受管制的路线起草一项适当的计划。这可以通过扩大和派遣边境安全人员到那些非法路线来实现。这将有助于减少该国的走私、恐怖主义和犯罪活动。该研究的结论是,关闭陆地边界的政策对尼日利亚及其邻国都造成了负面影响。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing employee performance through the application of dispute resolutions in the banking industry 通过在银行业应用争议解决方案来提高员工绩效
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.31039/jgss.v3i12.105
P. Olannye, Ifeanyi Harold Aliku
This study examined the effect of dispute resolution strategies on employee performance in the Nigerian banking industry. Two variables were discussed; compromising strategy and integrating strategies as they affect employee performance in selected banks in Delta State. The sample size for the study was 162 respondents. A simple random sampling technique was adopted. Validated structured sets of questionnaires were used, the primary instruments for data collection. The study adopted descriptive statistics and frequency analysis. A test of hypotheses was done using regression analysis. The study found that there were positive and significant effects of compromising Strategy and integrating strategy on employee performance. The study concluded that integrating g strategy has a major effect on employee performance in Nigeria's banking industry and Nigeria banks should improve on integrating strategy because it would go a long way in enhancing employee performance and that integrity in the banks could have been achieved through strong moral principles and moral uprightness in financial transactions. It is recommended that Efforts should be made by management to organize seminars/workshops on organizational dispute resolution strategy from time to time for the employees. This will enable employees to learn about disputes and how they can be effectively managed for organizational effectiveness. Credible channels of communication and open discussions of disputes in work relations must be encouraged in an attempt to avoid confrontation, unhealthy competition, and domination as dispute resolution strategies. The study contributed to knowledge by developing a model that explains the relationship between dispute resolution and employee performance in the banking sector and also provided a framework that explains the necessity of dispute resolution and how it relates to employee performance in an organized setting.
本研究考察了争议解决策略对尼日利亚银行业员工绩效的影响。讨论了两个变量;妥协策略和整合策略对三角洲州选定银行员工绩效的影响。该研究的样本量为162人。采用简单的随机抽样技术。使用了经过验证的结构化问卷,这是数据收集的主要工具。本研究采用描述性统计和频率分析。运用回归分析对假设进行检验。研究发现妥协策略和整合策略对员工绩效有显著的正向影响。研究得出结论,整合战略对尼日利亚银行业的员工绩效有重大影响,尼日利亚银行应该改进整合战略,因为它将在提高员工绩效方面有很长的路要走,银行的诚信可以通过强烈的道德原则和金融交易中的道德正直来实现。建议管理层应不时为员工举办有关组织纠纷解决策略的研讨会/工作坊。这将使员工了解纠纷以及如何有效地管理纠纷以提高组织效率。必须鼓励可靠的沟通渠道和公开讨论工作关系中的争议,以避免对抗、不健康的竞争和作为解决争议策略的支配。该研究通过开发一个模型来解释银行部门争议解决与员工绩效之间的关系,并提供了一个框架来解释争议解决的必要性以及它如何与有组织环境中的员工绩效相关,从而为知识做出了贡献。
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引用次数: 2
State-corporate environmental crime and human security in the Niger Delta, Nigeria 尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲国家-企业环境犯罪与人类安全
Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.31039/jgss.v3i12.108
Christopher Barisi Barigbon
This theoretical paper advanced the argument that all human acts such as oil spills, gas flaring and other forms of environmental degradation in contravention of existing environmental legislation amount to environmental violence; and constitute environmental crime within the context of this paper. Environmental crime in the Nigeria Delta is increasing unabated and huge implication of human security. The environment is life and sustainer of humanity both present and future. But man has become a destroyer instead of a protector and replenisher of the environment on account of the unsustainable drive for capital accumulation for industrialization and development. The outcomes have deepened the poverty and misery of the Niger Delta people instead of ameliorating them. The acts of ecocide and genocide committed by the Multinational Oil Corporations with the tacit connivance Nigerian state had continuously threatened human security, without commensurable commitments to halting the impending Armageddon. The argument of this paper is guided by resource curse, Dutch disease and state failure theories. Data used to advance this argument are purely qualitative and generated from secondary sources. They are subjected to content analysis. Admittedly, environmental crime or green criminology as sub-filed or a separate section of legal jurisprudence is struggling to evolve. Our finding is that the trouble with environmental governance in Nigeria is not the want of regulations, albeit weak, but the problem of enforcement. This implies that the bulk stops at the state. The state must assert its stateness, effectively perform it s regulatory roles, and place environment violation where they belong, as environmental crime.          
这篇理论论文提出的论点是,所有违反现有环境立法的人类行为,如石油泄漏、天然气燃烧和其他形式的环境退化,都相当于环境暴力;并在本文的研究范围内构成环境犯罪。尼日利亚三角洲地区的环境犯罪有增无减,对人类安全造成巨大影响。环境是人类现在和未来的生命和维护者。但是,由于工业化和发展的资本积累不可持续,人类已经成为环境的破坏者,而不是保护者和补充者。其结果加深了尼日尔三角洲人民的贫困和痛苦,而不是改善他们。跨国石油公司在尼日利亚政府的默许下犯下的生态灭绝和种族灭绝行为不断威胁着人类安全,却没有作出相应的承诺制止即将到来的世界末日。本文的论述以资源诅咒、荷兰病和国家失败理论为指导。用于推进这一论点的数据纯粹是定性的,并且来自二手来源。它们要进行内容分析。诚然,环境犯罪或绿色犯罪学作为法学的一个分支或独立的部分正在努力发展。我们的发现是,尼日利亚环境治理的问题不在于缺乏监管(尽管监管不力),而在于执法问题。这意味着bulk在该状态停止。国家必须坚持其国家地位,有效地履行其监管角色,并将环境违法行为作为环境犯罪置于其应有的位置。
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引用次数: 0
An assessment of poverty reduction policy: implication of the N-Power Programme in Nigeria 对减贫政策的评估:N-Power方案对尼日利亚的影响
Pub Date : 2022-11-30 DOI: 10.31039/jgss.v3i12.107
Uche Umearoukwu, Aliyu Ozovehe Ilias
This study is on An Assessment of Poverty Alleviation Policy; Implication of the    N-Power Programme Nigeria. The N-Power Programme is a social intervention programme that captures the youth between the ages of 18 to 35 years. The Federal Government of Nigeria under President Muhammadu Buhari knows the negative effect of poverty and thus decided through his N-Power Scheme to minimize or deal with poverty using the youth empowerment programme which is popularly known as the N-Power. This study adopted Social Contract Theory as bases for analysis and discussion. It relied on secondary method of data collection where textbooks, journals, papers, newspapers and the internet provided the source of information. There is no doubt that the N-Power has been able to cushion the effect of poverty among the youths because the N-Power Programme captured both graduate and non-graduate applicants, however, as good as the Programme in alleviating poverty, there are challenges associated with it and it is based on this challenges that the presenters by way of suggestions to deal with the challenges recommended that government should improve on the funding of N-Power to accommodate more Nigerians, because mere limiting the beneficiaries to youths of the age of 18 to 35 years is not good for social contract especially considering the fact that poverty has no age limit as it cut across etc.
本文的研究题目是《扶贫政策评估》;N-Power方案的含义尼日利亚。N-Power方案是一项社会干预方案,针对年龄在18至35岁之间的青年。穆罕默德·布哈里总统领导下的尼日利亚联邦政府了解贫困的负面影响,因此决定通过他的N-Power计划,利用青年赋权计划(俗称N-Power)来减少或解决贫困问题。本研究采用社会契约理论作为分析和讨论的基础。它依赖于二手数据收集方法,其中教科书、期刊、论文、报纸和互联网提供了信息来源。毫无疑问,N-Power已经能够缓解年轻人中贫困的影响,因为N-Power计划捕获了研究生和非研究生申请人,然而,与减轻贫困的计划一样好,存在与之相关的挑战,正是基于这些挑战,主持人通过建议应对挑战的方式建议政府应该改善N-Power的资金,以容纳更多的尼日利亚人。因为仅仅将受益人限制在18到35岁的年轻人是不利于社会契约的,特别是考虑到贫困没有年龄限制,因为它跨越了等等。
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引用次数: 0
A Critical Assessment of the Relevance of International Organizations in the Contemporary World Order 对当代世界秩序中国际组织相关性的批判性评估
Pub Date : 2022-11-28 DOI: 10.31039/jgss.v1i2.102
Adeniji Samson Adeyinka, E. Adie
The myriad of challenges such as diseases, climate change, wars, terrorism, hunger and starvation, pollution, environmental degradation, etc, confronting the global community today deserve nothing than a concerted effort via international organizations to address on a permanent basis. This is incontrovertibly true because international organizations provide some veritable platforms through which nation states as well as individuals desirous of finding solutions to their common challenges can meet and have these issues resolved. This paper, therefore, intends to discuss the essence of international organizations in the contemporary society. The motive is not just to showcase the crucial roles of international organizations but to also draw the attention of the public to the salient opportunities hidden in these institutions. The data for the piece are based on the secondary source which includes textbooks, journal articles and other online materials. Liberal institutionalism has been adopted as a theoretical backup. The findings suggest that the essence of international organizations lies in their functions which are usually for the benefits of member countries. These are seen in the various activities of organizations such as the International Trade Centre and the World Trade which assist member countries in promoting fair trade with each other; the Natural Capitalism and International Research Centre help to enhance sustainable economic development in the world; the World Bank and the Institute for International Finance provide monetary assistance to the countries as the Food and Agricultural Organizations  and the World Food Programme help member countries in the areas food security .They also help in maintaining peace and security, environmental protection among others.  To ensure that international organizations remain relevance in the 21st Century, concrete efforts are needed by states and non-states actors to strengthening their capacities and members must be totally committed to the vision and mission of international organization they belong.
当今国际社会面临的各种挑战,如疾病、气候变化、战争、恐怖主义、饥饿、污染、环境退化等,只有通过国际组织共同努力才能永久解决。这是无可争议的事实,因为国际组织提供了一些真正的平台,通过这些平台,渴望找到解决共同挑战的办法的民族国家和个人可以会面并解决这些问题。因此,本文意在探讨当代社会中国际组织的本质。其动机不仅是为了展示国际组织的关键作用,而且也是为了提请公众注意隐藏在这些机构中的突出机会。这篇文章的数据基于二手资源,包括教科书、期刊文章和其他在线材料。自由制度主义被采纳为理论支持。调查结果表明,国际组织的本质在于其职能,而这些职能通常是为了成员国的利益。这些可以从国际贸易中心和世界贸易等组织的各种活动中看到,这些组织协助成员国促进彼此之间的公平贸易;自然资本主义和国际研究中心有助于促进世界经济的可持续发展;世界银行和国际金融研究所向成员国提供货币援助,粮食及农业组织和世界粮食计划署在粮食安全领域帮助成员国,并在维护和平与安全、环境保护等方面提供帮助。为了确保国际组织在21世纪继续发挥作用,国家和非国家行为体需要切实加强能力建设,成员必须完全致力于其所属国际组织的愿景和使命。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Global Social Sciences
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