Electroactive elastomeric materials have gained a lot of attention in the last decades due to their fascinating real-life applications. To improve the durability and lifetime of the materials, it is extremely necessary to endow them with self-healing capabilities. In this study, we successfully prepared an electroactive elastomeric polyurethane ATPU-20 that can self-heal with high tensile and shape memory by one-pot copolymerization. ATPU-20 not only possesses excellent self-healing properties (94.04 % of the original tensile strength restored by healing for 12 h at 70 °C) but also has a high tensile strength (17.46 MPa) and a good fracture strain (more than 1000 %). We hope that such an ATPU-20 system will provide a simple method for designing durable electroactive, self-healing elastomeric polymer materials, and that the prepared materials will have potential applications in fields such as biomedicine, chemical sensing, and flexible electronics.
{"title":"Self-healing, highly stretchable conductive polyurethane elastomers containing aniline trimers with shape memory effect","authors":"Yujie Zhang, Chen Zhang, Zhishuai Cui, Naqi Li, Zhihui Ren, Zhenghui Guan","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128139","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128139","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Electroactive elastomeric materials have gained a lot of attention in the last decades due to their fascinating real-life applications. To improve the durability and lifetime of the materials, it is extremely necessary to endow them with self-healing capabilities. In this study, we successfully prepared an electroactive elastomeric polyurethane ATPU-20 that can self-heal with high tensile and shape memory by one-pot copolymerization. ATPU-20 not only possesses excellent self-healing properties (94.04 % of the original tensile strength restored by healing for 12 h at 70 °C) but also has a high tensile strength (17.46 MPa) and a good fracture strain (more than 1000 %). We hope that such an ATPU-20 system will provide a simple method for designing durable electroactive, self-healing elastomeric polymer materials, and that the prepared materials will have potential applications in fields such as biomedicine, chemical sensing, and flexible electronics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 128139"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Proposed is a novel viscoelastic testing method for evaluating the viscoelastic behaviors of rubber nanocomposites under large prestrains. A small-amplitude sinusoidal strain is superimposed on a static strain to obtain storage and loss moduli. Intracycle nonlinearities are analyzed for large-amplitude oscillatory extension under significantly large prestrains. The method is effective to capture the complex viscoelastic responses, which can facilitate the development of accurate nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive models.
{"title":"A method for evaluating viscoelasticity of rubber nanocomposites under large prestrains","authors":"Hongda Meng, Xinke Zhong, Benteng Liu, Zhaopeng Hu, Min Zuo, Yihu Song, Qiang Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128126","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128126","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proposed is a novel viscoelastic testing method for evaluating the viscoelastic behaviors of rubber nanocomposites under large prestrains. A small-amplitude sinusoidal strain is superimposed on a static strain to obtain storage and loss moduli. Intracycle nonlinearities are analyzed for large-amplitude oscillatory extension under significantly large prestrains. The method is effective to capture the complex viscoelastic responses, which can facilitate the development of accurate nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 128126"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polyethylene (PE)/polypropylene (PP) blends have attracted much attention since they offer interesting physical properties, including intriguing crystallization behaviour. When PE minority phase is dispersed as droplet in PP matrix, we have recently proved that PP can induce surface induced nucleation of polyethylene. This occurs due to epitaxy, and is detected by measuring an increase of PE crystallization temperature upon varying the crystallization temperature of PP via self-nucleation. However, so far the role of the microstructure of PP substrate on this peculiar nucleation process has not been addressed. To gain insights on this issue PP with varying content of 2,1- erythro regiodefects or ethylene comonomer has been employed to tune the microstructure of the blend's matrix. Surface induced nucleation is investigated upon modifying the PP matrix morphology via self-nucleation. The modification of the nanoscale morphology of the matrix has been analysed with Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), allowing to determine the crystalline lamellar thickness. The increase in the crystallization temperature of PP matrix results in a thickening of the lamellae, which in turns enhances the surface induced nucleation of PE phase, as reflected by an increase in the crystallization temperature of PE. A clear correlation between the crystallization temperature of PE and the crystalline lamellar thickness of PP is found. In general, nucleation of PE is promoted by thicker PP lamellae, but surprisingly it can also occur (with lower efficiency) on PP lamellae that are thinner than the average lamellar thickness of the nucleating PE.
{"title":"Lamellar thickness of the polypropylene matrix determines surface induced nucleation of polyethylene droplets in immiscible blends","authors":"Leire Sangroniz , Enrico Carmeli , Lada Vukusic , Velichko Hristov , Martina Galatini , Davide Tranchida , Dario Cavallo","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyethylene (PE)/polypropylene (PP) blends have attracted much attention since they offer interesting physical properties, including intriguing crystallization behaviour. When PE minority phase is dispersed as droplet in PP matrix, we have recently proved that PP can induce surface induced nucleation of polyethylene. This occurs due to epitaxy, and is detected by measuring an increase of PE crystallization temperature upon varying the crystallization temperature of PP via self-nucleation. However, so far the role of the microstructure of PP substrate on this peculiar nucleation process has not been addressed. To gain insights on this issue PP with varying content of 2,1- erythro regiodefects or ethylene comonomer has been employed to tune the microstructure of the blend's matrix. Surface induced nucleation is investigated upon modifying the PP matrix morphology via self-nucleation. The modification of the nanoscale morphology of the matrix has been analysed with Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), allowing to determine the crystalline lamellar thickness. The increase in the crystallization temperature of PP matrix results in a thickening of the lamellae, which in turns enhances the surface induced nucleation of PE phase, as reflected by an increase in the crystallization temperature of PE. A clear correlation between the crystallization temperature of PE and the crystalline lamellar thickness of PP is found. In general, nucleation of PE is promoted by thicker PP lamellae, but surprisingly it can also occur (with lower efficiency) on PP lamellae that are thinner than the average lamellar thickness of the nucleating PE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 128144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128146
E. Durgut , J. Tan , B. Smith , R. Dawson , J. Foster , F. Claeyssens
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent an emerging class of porous materials with significant potential for various applications. However, their utilization in powder form poses challenges for industrial-scale applications. Consequently, there is active research in developing supporting materials for MOFs. This research article explores the effectiveness of loading MOFs, specifically ZIF-8, onto polymerized high internal phase emulsions (PolyHIPEs). ZIF-8 was used as a sole emulsion stabilizer, as well as in combination with polymeric colloidal particles and surfactant as co-stabilizers of the emulsion. The findings indicate that when ZIF-8 is used as the sole emulsion stabilizer, it leads to well-surface-decorated but closed pore PolyHIPEs. Combining ZIF-8 with IBOA microparticles as emulsion stabilizers results in similarly well-decorated but interconnected porous structures. While the commonly used apporach using MOFs (ZIF-8) together with a surfactant (Hypermer B246) produced an interconnected porous structure, the pores become poorly decorated with ZIF-8. This is attributed to an antagonistic effect between Hypermer B246 and ZIF-8. The study employed morphological investigations, SEM micrographs, thermogravimetric analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis to evaluate the ZIF-8 loading efficacy in PolyHIPEs.
{"title":"Surfactant-free ZIF-8 decorated and open porous pickering polymerized high internal phase emulsion","authors":"E. Durgut , J. Tan , B. Smith , R. Dawson , J. Foster , F. Claeyssens","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) represent an emerging class of porous materials with significant potential for various applications. However, their utilization in powder form poses challenges for industrial-scale applications. Consequently, there is active research in developing supporting materials for MOFs. This research article explores the effectiveness of loading MOFs, specifically ZIF-8, onto polymerized high internal phase emulsions (PolyHIPEs). ZIF-8 was used as a sole emulsion stabilizer, as well as in combination with polymeric colloidal particles and surfactant as co-stabilizers of the emulsion. The findings indicate that when ZIF-8 is used as the sole emulsion stabilizer, it leads to well-surface-decorated but closed pore PolyHIPEs. Combining ZIF-8 with IBOA microparticles as emulsion stabilizers results in similarly well-decorated but interconnected porous structures. While the commonly used apporach using MOFs (ZIF-8) together with a surfactant (Hypermer B246) produced an interconnected porous structure, the pores become poorly decorated with ZIF-8. This is attributed to an antagonistic effect between Hypermer B246 and ZIF-8. The study employed morphological investigations, SEM micrographs, thermogravimetric analysis, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis to evaluate the ZIF-8 loading efficacy in PolyHIPEs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 128146"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143375179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-09DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128145
Lingchen Meng , Wenzheng Ma , Wen Chen , Huiyi Tan , Changyi Yang , Xinyu Wang , Huiqin Yao , Hongting Cao
The detection of hydroquinone (HQ) plays a vital role in human health and protecting the ecological environment. This study constructed an electrochemical biosensor for detecting HQ by preparing carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNTs) and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDEA). Due to the introduction of a large number of carboxyl groups (–COOH) into MWCNTs, the dispersion of MWCNTs in water and polar solvents has been greatly improved, and the interface interaction between MWCNTs and other substances such as inorganic particles and biological small molecules has been enhanced. Because of its good conductivity, large specific surface area, and excellent electrochemical stability, c-MWCNTs can significantly improve the electrochemical reaction activity on the electrode surface and the transmission efficiency of sensing signals, thus improving the detection sensitivity of the target substance HQ. Furthermore, a PDEA/c-MWCNTs hydrogel films were formed by combining c-MWCNTs and PDEA. In addition, by combining c-MWCNTs and PDEA to form a PDEA/c-MWCNTs hydrogel film, it can not only improve the detection performance of HQ but also enable the sensor to exhibit intelligent switchable properties, further extending to the construction of logic gate systems, realizing complex signal processing functions of multiple inputs and multiple outputs.
{"title":"Detection of hydroquinone in carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube/poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) binary structured films and study of logic gate system","authors":"Lingchen Meng , Wenzheng Ma , Wen Chen , Huiyi Tan , Changyi Yang , Xinyu Wang , Huiqin Yao , Hongting Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The detection of hydroquinone (HQ) plays a vital role in human health and protecting the ecological environment. This study constructed an electrochemical biosensor for detecting HQ by preparing carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (c-MWCNTs) and poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDEA). Due to the introduction of a large number of carboxyl groups (–COOH) into MWCNTs, the dispersion of MWCNTs in water and polar solvents has been greatly improved, and the interface interaction between MWCNTs and other substances such as inorganic particles and biological small molecules has been enhanced. Because of its good conductivity, large specific surface area, and excellent electrochemical stability, c-MWCNTs can significantly improve the electrochemical reaction activity on the electrode surface and the transmission efficiency of sensing signals, thus improving the detection sensitivity of the target substance HQ. Furthermore, a PDEA/c-MWCNTs hydrogel films were formed by combining c-MWCNTs and PDEA. In addition, by combining c-MWCNTs and PDEA to form a PDEA/c-MWCNTs hydrogel film, it can not only improve the detection performance of HQ but also enable the sensor to exhibit intelligent switchable properties, further extending to the construction of logic gate systems, realizing complex signal processing functions of multiple inputs and multiple outputs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 128145"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128141
Ainur F. Abukaev, Marina A. Gorbunova, Aleksey P. Melnikov, Denis V. Anokhin, Dimitri A. Ivanov
Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) based on crystallizable biodegradable polyesters are of significant interest due to their unique mechanical and thermal properties, which depend not only on phase-separated morphology but also on the volume fraction, composition, and local distribution of crystallites in the soft segments. This study investigates the spherulitic structures of multi-block TPUs containing poly (butylene adipate) (PBA) and poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) diols using synchrotron microfocus X-ray scattering, polarized optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The microstructure of melt-crystallized thin films was examined as a function of polymer composition and crystallization temperature. TPU-PBA forms non-banded spherulites exhibiting the metastable β-phase at 25 °C and the stable α-phase at 35 °C. PCL-based TPU films show non-banded spherulites of PCL crystals regardless of the crystallization temperature. TPU-C, containing both PBA and PCL blocks, produces two distinct spherulite types: banded spherulites of α-phase PBA and non-banded spherulites with β-PBA and PCL crystals. For TPU-B, an equimolar blend of TPU-PBA and TPU-PCL, both banded and non-banded spherulites contain all three crystalline phases. Orientational maps from 2D microfocus X-ray diffraction reveal typical fast radial growth along the a-axis for PBA and the b-axis for PCL in non-banded spherulites. However, in banded spherulites of TPU-C and TPU-B, slow growth occurs along the b-axis for PBA and the a-axis for PCL, indicating a 90° switching of growth directions. This phenomenon is attributed to epitaxial matching between the (100) plane of PCL and the (010) plane of β-PBA. In non-banded spherulites, β-PBA and PCL lamellae grow independently with different thicknesses. Conversely, in banded spherulites, the parallel growth of PCL on β-PBA along the slow direction ensures lamellar thickness matching, minimizing surface free energy. Mechanical stress at the PBA-PCL interface generates banding, inducing a β-to-α solid-state transition and converging the melting peaks of α-PBA and PCL.
{"title":"Effect of mutual crystallization of poly(butylene adipate) and poly(ε-caprolactone) on spherulitic morphology in multiblock thermo-plastic polyurethanes","authors":"Ainur F. Abukaev, Marina A. Gorbunova, Aleksey P. Melnikov, Denis V. Anokhin, Dimitri A. Ivanov","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128141","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128141","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) based on crystallizable biodegradable polyesters are of significant interest due to their unique mechanical and thermal properties, which depend not only on phase-separated morphology but also on the volume fraction, composition, and local distribution of crystallites in the soft segments. This study investigates the spherulitic structures of multi-block TPUs containing poly (butylene adipate) (PBA) and poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) diols using synchrotron microfocus X-ray scattering, polarized optical microscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry. The microstructure of melt-crystallized thin films was examined as a function of polymer composition and crystallization temperature. TPU-PBA forms non-banded spherulites exhibiting the metastable β-phase at 25 °C and the stable α-phase at 35 °C. PCL-based TPU films show non-banded spherulites of PCL crystals regardless of the crystallization temperature. TPU-C, containing both PBA and PCL blocks, produces two distinct spherulite types: banded spherulites of α-phase PBA and non-banded spherulites with β-PBA and PCL crystals. For TPU-B, an equimolar blend of TPU-PBA and TPU-PCL, both banded and non-banded spherulites contain all three crystalline phases. Orientational maps from 2D microfocus X-ray diffraction reveal typical fast radial growth along the a-axis for PBA and the b-axis for PCL in non-banded spherulites. However, in banded spherulites of TPU-C and TPU-B, slow growth occurs along the b-axis for PBA and the a-axis for PCL, indicating a 90° switching of growth directions. This phenomenon is attributed to epitaxial matching between the (100) plane of PCL and the (010) plane of β-PBA. In non-banded spherulites, β-PBA and PCL lamellae grow independently with different thicknesses. Conversely, in banded spherulites, the parallel growth of PCL on β-PBA along the slow direction ensures lamellar thickness matching, minimizing surface free energy. Mechanical stress at the PBA-PCL interface generates banding, inducing a β-to-α solid-state transition and converging the melting peaks of α-PBA and PCL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 128141"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128130
Jinghu Lv , Qihong Zhou , Gang Chen , Xiaoyue Guo , Chang Shu , Lihao Zhang , Shaoguo Zhou
This study introduces an innovative method for fabricating high-quality magnetic nanofiber membranes using controllable magnetic field-assisted electrospinning technology. By integrating electromagnetic lens technology, precise modulation of the magnetic field is achieved through current adjustments, effectively focusing charged particles during the electrospinning process. Furthermore, the interaction with magnetic nanoparticles enhances control over the nanofiber structure. Notably, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic lens adjusts the crystalline structure of PAN, resulting in a 19.2 % reduction in average fiber diameter, a 60.2 % decrease in deposited circular area, and a 50.8 % increase in average thickness. Additionally, significant improvements in magnetic properties are achieved, with a 56.5 % increase in saturated magnetization and a 200 % increase in coercivity. The crystalline and mechanical properties of the composites are also enhanced, indicating the great potential of this method for precise and controllable fabrication of magnetic nanofibers. This novel technology opens up new avenues for applications in sensors, filtration, and biomedical engineering.
{"title":"Controllable fabrication of high-quality magnetic nanofiber membranes using variable magnetic field-assisted electrospinning technology","authors":"Jinghu Lv , Qihong Zhou , Gang Chen , Xiaoyue Guo , Chang Shu , Lihao Zhang , Shaoguo Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces an innovative method for fabricating high-quality magnetic nanofiber membranes using controllable magnetic field-assisted electrospinning technology. By integrating electromagnetic lens technology, precise modulation of the magnetic field is achieved through current adjustments, effectively focusing charged particles during the electrospinning process. Furthermore, the interaction with magnetic nanoparticles enhances control over the nanofiber structure. Notably, the magnetic field generated by the electromagnetic lens adjusts the crystalline structure of PAN, resulting in a 19.2 % reduction in average fiber diameter, a 60.2 % decrease in deposited circular area, and a 50.8 % increase in average thickness. Additionally, significant improvements in magnetic properties are achieved, with a 56.5 % increase in saturated magnetization and a 200 % increase in coercivity. The crystalline and mechanical properties of the composites are also enhanced, indicating the great potential of this method for precise and controllable fabrication of magnetic nanofibers. This novel technology opens up new avenues for applications in sensors, filtration, and biomedical engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 128130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128140
Zhengxue Shi , Jingjie Hu , Mengqi Zhang, Feng You, Xueliang Jiang, Huaming Zheng, Chu Yao, Pei Zhao
Sound insulation material has been broadly used in transportation or construction industries to control noise. Polymer composites have been used in acoustic areas due to their low density and feasible processing capability. In this work, organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) lamellae were adsorbed onto polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres via soap-free emulsion polymerization to obtain PMMA@OMMT composite microspheres on reinforcing the sound-insulating effect of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the successful loading of OMMT on PMMA microspheres. The sound insulation properties of SAN by incorporating PMMA@OMMT were conducted using a four-microphone impedance tube. The results revealed that PMMA@OMMT composite microspheres were more efficient in enhancing the sound insulation properties of SAN than that using simple blending commercial pelletized PMMA with OMMT or PMMA microspheres with MMT. The average sound transmission loss (STL) of SAN/PMMA@OMMT (5 wt%) composites could reach 38.97 dB, which exceeded previous reports by taking into consideration the thin thickness and few filler loadings. The sound reinforcing mechanism for PMMA@OMMT on SAN was analyzed using dynamic mechanical analysis. This work will broaden the application of OMMT in sound insulation and provide a novel solution for designing lightweight sound-insulation materials.
{"title":"Reinforced sound insulation properties of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer composites via using organo-montmorillonite loaded polymethylmethacrylate microspheres","authors":"Zhengxue Shi , Jingjie Hu , Mengqi Zhang, Feng You, Xueliang Jiang, Huaming Zheng, Chu Yao, Pei Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128140","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128140","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sound insulation material has been broadly used in transportation or construction industries to control noise. Polymer composites have been used in acoustic areas due to their low density and feasible processing capability. In this work, organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) lamellae were adsorbed onto polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) microspheres via soap-free emulsion polymerization to obtain PMMA@OMMT composite microspheres on reinforcing the sound-insulating effect of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed the successful loading of OMMT on PMMA microspheres. The sound insulation properties of SAN by incorporating PMMA@OMMT were conducted using a four-microphone impedance tube. The results revealed that PMMA@OMMT composite microspheres were more efficient in enhancing the sound insulation properties of SAN than that using simple blending commercial pelletized PMMA with OMMT or PMMA microspheres with MMT. The average sound transmission loss (STL) of SAN/PMMA@OMMT (5 wt%) composites could reach 38.97 dB, which exceeded previous reports by taking into consideration the thin thickness and few filler loadings. The sound reinforcing mechanism for PMMA@OMMT on SAN was analyzed using dynamic mechanical analysis. This work will broaden the application of OMMT in sound insulation and provide a novel solution for designing lightweight sound-insulation materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 128140"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-08DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128142
Wei Geng , Yujie Gao , Ruili Li , Jinke Wang , Guanglei Lv , Huashan Wang
PVC gel, a dielectric material, is suitable for constructing flexible sensors due to its excellent flexibility. Herein, diisononyl ester of cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid was thermally blended with PVC to develop a transparent, stretchable, self-powered, flexible cross-linked PVC gel piezoelectric sensor. The performance of this sensor under various preparation conditions was investigated. Results indicated that PVC gel possesses excellent mechanical properties and low-temperature stability. The PVC gel-based sensor produced an output signal of 0.1196 μA, which is ten times greater than that of PVC gel prepared without exposure to an electric field. The piezoelectric properties of PVC gel are significantly enhanced by the application of an electric field, due to the injection of real charges and the increased orientation of molecular chains, which together boost the effective dipole moment. Additionally, the cross-linked PVC gel sensor maintains excellent low-temperature stability and responds reliably to pressure without requiring complex components. PVC gel sensors, being structurally simple, easily prepared, and inherently stable, offer broad application prospects in wearable electronic devices.
{"title":"Design and force sensing performance study of flexible pressure sensor based on crosslinked PVC gel","authors":"Wei Geng , Yujie Gao , Ruili Li , Jinke Wang , Guanglei Lv , Huashan Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128142","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128142","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>PVC gel, a dielectric material, is suitable for constructing flexible sensors due to its excellent flexibility. Herein, diisononyl ester of cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid was thermally blended with PVC to develop a transparent, stretchable, self-powered, flexible cross-linked PVC gel piezoelectric sensor. The performance of this sensor under various preparation conditions was investigated. Results indicated that PVC gel possesses excellent mechanical properties and low-temperature stability. The PVC gel-based sensor produced an output signal of 0.1196 μA, which is ten times greater than that of PVC gel prepared without exposure to an electric field. The piezoelectric properties of PVC gel are significantly enhanced by the application of an electric field, due to the injection of real charges and the increased orientation of molecular chains, which together boost the effective dipole moment. Additionally, the cross-linked PVC gel sensor maintains excellent low-temperature stability and responds reliably to pressure without requiring complex components. PVC gel sensors, being structurally simple, easily prepared, and inherently stable, offer broad application prospects in wearable electronic devices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 128142"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143371640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Polylactic acid (PLA), a significant biodegradable polymer, is an ideal candidate for electromagnetic shielding matrix materials due to its excellent tensile strength and processability. IPU-PLA-PCL-MXene was obtained by grafting imidazole-functionalized polyurethane containing PLA and polycaprolactone (PCL) segments onto MXene nanosheets. IPU-PLA-PCL-MXene and hydroxylated carbon nanotubes (CNT-OH) were used to improve the electromagnetic interference (EMI) properties of PLA/PCL composites. CNT-OH is distributed at PCL phase and the phase interface because of the viscosity difference between the two polymer phases. IPU-PLA-PCL-MXene enhances the interfacial interactions between polymer phases, which became an effective bridge for the transfer of interfacial stress. Consequently, the elongation at break and notched impact strength of PLA/PCL/2I/8C reached 287.4 % and 64.1 kJ/m2 respectively. CNT-OH and MXene form an effective three-dimensional conductive network, resulting in a substantial improvement in the EMI shielding property of PLA/PCL/2I/8C composite to 38 dB. This work provides a novel approach for highly tough and EMI shielding PLA/PCL composites.
{"title":"Highly tough and electromagnetic shielding poly(lactic acid)/polycaprolactone composites by imidazolium polyurethane grafted MXene and hydroxylated carbon nanotubes","authors":"Yifei Gao, Xiangyu Ma, Mengjiao Zhang, Pei Xu, Yunsheng Ding","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128143","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128143","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polylactic acid (PLA), a significant biodegradable polymer, is an ideal candidate for electromagnetic shielding matrix materials due to its excellent tensile strength and processability. IPU-PLA-PCL-MXene was obtained by grafting imidazole-functionalized polyurethane containing PLA and polycaprolactone (PCL) segments onto MXene nanosheets. IPU-PLA-PCL-MXene and hydroxylated carbon nanotubes (CNT-OH) were used to improve the electromagnetic interference (EMI) properties of PLA/PCL composites. CNT-OH is distributed at PCL phase and the phase interface because of the viscosity difference between the two polymer phases. IPU-PLA-PCL-MXene enhances the interfacial interactions between polymer phases, which became an effective bridge for the transfer of interfacial stress. Consequently, the elongation at break and notched impact strength of PLA/PCL/2I/8C reached 287.4 % and 64.1 kJ/m<sup>2</sup> respectively. CNT-OH and MXene form an effective three-dimensional conductive network, resulting in a substantial improvement in the EMI shielding property of PLA/PCL/2I/8C composite to 38 dB. This work provides a novel approach for highly tough and EMI shielding PLA/PCL composites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"321 ","pages":"Article 128143"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143367577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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