With the advent of industrialization, urbanization, and the widespread use of chemicals, formaldehyde and ammonia have become typical indoor pollutants that pose a threat to human health and ecological safety. This study reports a "dual cross-linking" functionalized system based on polypropylene nonwoven fabric (NWF), which can efficiently remove formaldehyde and ammonia at room temperature through highly selective nucleophilic addition reactions between aminooxy/amino and aldehyde groups, with water as the sole by-product and no secondary pollutants. Initially, an OB-GA cross-linking network is achieved through the nucleophilic addition reaction between O,O'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(hydroxylamine) dihydrochloride (OB) and glutaraldehyde (GA). Then, the OB-GA cross-linked polymer is stably loaded onto the surface of the fibers by the sodium alginate (SA)-calcium ion (Ca2+) crosslink mechanism, thereby successfully constructing NWF/SA/OB-GA composite. This dual cross-linking structure endows the material with high selectivity and high-capacity adsorption properties. More importantly, the composite can be regenerated under weakly acidic conditions, enabling reuse and reducing usage costs. Additionally, by adjusting the OB/GA molar ratio, the application of the composites can be customized. Under the N2 flow rate of 1.0 L/min at 25 °C, 1 g of SA/OB-GA/8-2 composite (rich in aminooxy group) can remove 137 mg of formaldehyde within 24 h, while 1 g of SA/OB-GA/2-8 composite (rich in aldehyde group) can remove 123 mg of NH3 within 24 h. This technology offers a controllable, efficient solution for air pollution purification applications.
随着工业化、城市化的到来和化学品的广泛使用，甲醛和氨已成为威胁人类健康和生态安全的典型室内污染物。本研究报道了一种基于聚丙烯非织造布（NWF）的“双交联”功能化体系，该体系在室温下通过氨基/氨基与醛之间的高选择性亲核加成反应，以水为唯一副产物，无二次污染，可有效去除甲醛和氨。最初，通过O，O'-（乙烷-1,2-二基）双（羟胺）二盐酸盐（OB）与戊二醛（GA）之间的亲核加成反应形成OB-GA交联网络。然后，通过海藻酸钠(SA)-钙离子（Ca2+）交联机制将OB-GA交联聚合物稳定加载到纤维表面，从而成功构建了NWF/SA/OB-GA复合材料。这种双交联结构使材料具有高选择性和高容量吸附性能。更重要的是，复合材料可以在弱酸性条件下再生，可以重复使用，降低使用成本。此外，通过调整OB/GA的摩尔比，可以定制复合材料的应用。在25℃条件下，在1.0 L/min的N2流速下，1 g SA/OB-GA/8-2复合材料（富含氨基基）可在24 h内去除137 mg甲醛，1 g SA/OB-GA/2-8复合材料（富含醛基）可在24 h内去除123 mg NH3。该技术为空气污染净化应用提供了一种可控、高效的解决方案。
{"title":"Composition-directed fabrication of dual cross-linked bifunctional composites on fabrics for chemical removal of formaldehyde and amine air-pollutants","authors":"Mengyu Cao, Shanmei Luo, Xiaolong Yang, Jijie Li, Xiuping Liu, Jinhou Fang, Honglei Liu, Jingquan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129692","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of industrialization, urbanization, and the widespread use of chemicals, formaldehyde and ammonia have become typical indoor pollutants that pose a threat to human health and ecological safety. This study reports a \"dual cross-linking\" functionalized system based on polypropylene nonwoven fabric (NWF), which can efficiently remove formaldehyde and ammonia at room temperature through highly selective nucleophilic addition reactions between aminooxy/amino and aldehyde groups, with water as the sole by-product and no secondary pollutants. Initially, an OB-GA cross-linking network is achieved through the nucleophilic addition reaction between O,O'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(hydroxylamine) dihydrochloride (OB) and glutaraldehyde (GA). Then, the OB-GA cross-linked polymer is stably loaded onto the surface of the fibers by the sodium alginate (SA)-calcium ion (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) crosslink mechanism, thereby successfully constructing NWF/SA/OB-GA composite. This dual cross-linking structure endows the material with high selectivity and high-capacity adsorption properties. More importantly, the composite can be regenerated under weakly acidic conditions, enabling reuse and reducing usage costs. Additionally, by adjusting the OB/GA molar ratio, the application of the composites can be customized. Under the N<sub>2</sub> flow rate of 1.0 L/min at 25 °C, 1 g of SA/OB-GA/8-2 composite (rich in aminooxy group) can remove 137 mg of formaldehyde within 24 h, while 1 g of SA/OB-GA/2-8 composite (rich in aldehyde group) can remove 123 mg of NH<sub>3</sub> within 24 h. This technology offers a controllable, efficient solution for air pollution purification applications.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129654
T. Sreedevi, Franck Ducos, Jesiya Susan George, Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, A.V. Asha Bhanu, Henri Vahabi, P. Poornima Vijayan
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a superior biodegradable polymer, it requires structural modifications using crosslinking agents and nanofillers to assure thermal integrity. PVA-cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite films were fabricated by solvent casting with boric acid as crosslinking agent (named PVA-BA-CNF composite). Chemical interactions established between components of the composite film was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Newly formed B-O-C linkages were evident from chemical structure evaluation. Surface morphology of the film was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy (OM). Morphological studies revealed a uniform dispersion of CNF in a PVA-BA crosslinked matrix especially at low boric acid content. Changes in crystallinity and crystalline size with extent of crosslinking in the composites has been evaluated using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Those parameters were correlated with melting temperature (Tm) of the composites obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The higher glass transition temperature (Tg) recorded for PVA-BA-CNF composite films were correlated with increased crosslinking. The effect of boric acid content on thermal stability, degradation kinetics and the processing window for PVA-BA-CNF composites have been evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis. The apparent activation energy for thermal degradation was calculated using the coats-Redfern method. Vertical flammability test was conducted to study flammability of composite films. The PVA-BA-CNF composites exhibit enhanced thermal properties making them as a potential candidate for applications where higher thermal resistance and processability are required.
{"title":"Chemical and microstructure correlation towards optimisation of thermal behaviour of boric acid crosslinked PVA-cellulose nanofiber composite","authors":"T. Sreedevi, Franck Ducos, Jesiya Susan George, Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, A.V. Asha Bhanu, Henri Vahabi, P. Poornima Vijayan","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129654","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a superior biodegradable polymer, it requires structural modifications using crosslinking agents and nanofillers to assure thermal integrity. PVA-cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite films were fabricated by solvent casting with boric acid as crosslinking agent (named PVA-BA-CNF composite). Chemical interactions established between components of the composite film was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Newly formed B-O-C linkages were evident from chemical structure evaluation. Surface morphology of the film was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy (OM). Morphological studies revealed a uniform dispersion of CNF in a PVA-BA crosslinked matrix especially at low boric acid content. Changes in crystallinity and crystalline size with extent of crosslinking in the composites has been evaluated using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Those parameters were correlated with melting temperature (<em>T</em><sub><em>m</em></sub>) of the composites obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The higher glass transition temperature (<em>T</em><sub><em>g</em></sub>) recorded for PVA-BA-CNF composite films were correlated with increased crosslinking. The effect of boric acid content on thermal stability, degradation kinetics and the processing window for PVA-BA-CNF composites have been evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis. The apparent activation energy for thermal degradation was calculated using the coats-Redfern method. Vertical flammability test was conducted to study flammability of composite films. The PVA-BA-CNF composites exhibit enhanced thermal properties making them as a potential candidate for applications where higher thermal resistance and processability are required.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129691
Yingying Liu, Lin Peng, Lu Li, Rui Wang
A novel, fully bio-based poly(ether-ester) (PEE) was synthesized by means of a one-pot, two-component melt polycondensation employing renewable furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and 1,3-propanediol. Notably, a practical and scaled-up process for converting furfural to FDCA was demonstrated via K2CO3-promoted C-H carboxylation of furoate in a paraffin medium, achieving a yield of 77%. The novel poly(ether-ester) displayed excellent ductility and gas barrier properties, in addition to adhesiveness, arising from the combined effect of the FDCA and ether linkage building blocks. A comparative study was conducted on the adhesive properties of this series of poly(ether-ester)s and a commercial high-barrier encapsulation material ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). In particular, the PEE exhibited faster bonding with the glass substrate at a lower temperature (85 °C vs. 140 °C for EVA), achieving a maximum bonding strength of 10.8 MPa, whereas that of EVA was 7.3 MPa. Furthermore, the PEE demonstrated significantly superior retention of its adhesive properties upon exposure to various environmental conditions, including acids, alkalis, seawater, and organic solvents. The PEE film also exhibited water vapor barrier property comparable to that of EVA. We anticipate that this new family of bio-based materials will substantially enrich the structural diversity of FDCA-based copolyesters and establish their applicability in advanced encapsulation technologies.
{"title":"CO2-Assisted Synthesis of Bio-based Furandicarboxylic Acid for High-Performance Poly(ether-ester) Adhesives","authors":"Yingying Liu, Lin Peng, Lu Li, Rui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129691","url":null,"abstract":"A novel, fully bio-based poly(ether-ester) (PEE) was synthesized by means of a one-pot, two-component melt polycondensation employing renewable furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) and 1,3-propanediol. Notably, a practical and scaled-up process for converting furfural to FDCA was demonstrated via K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>-promoted C-H carboxylation of furoate in a paraffin medium, achieving a yield of 77%. The novel poly(ether-ester) displayed excellent ductility and gas barrier properties, in addition to adhesiveness, arising from the combined effect of the FDCA and ether linkage building blocks. A comparative study was conducted on the adhesive properties of this series of poly(ether-ester)s and a commercial high-barrier encapsulation material ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA). In particular, the PEE exhibited faster bonding with the glass substrate at a lower temperature (85 °C vs. 140 °C for EVA), achieving a maximum bonding strength of 10.8 MPa, whereas that of EVA was 7.3 MPa. Furthermore, the PEE demonstrated significantly superior retention of its adhesive properties upon exposure to various environmental conditions, including acids, alkalis, seawater, and organic solvents. The PEE film also exhibited water vapor barrier property comparable to that of EVA. We anticipate that this new family of bio-based materials will substantially enrich the structural diversity of FDCA-based copolyesters and establish their applicability in advanced encapsulation technologies.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
By integrating non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) with electrospinning technology, porous electrospun fibers can be prepared in a single step. However, the underlying mechanism of phase separation process during electrospinning are still not well understood. In this study, the regulatory effects of non-solvent types and their addition amounts on the morphology and composition of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) electrospun fibers were systematically investigated by constructing various solvent/non-solvent systems, employing N,N-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) or N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvents, and water or ethanol as non- solvents. The results indicated that the incorporation of non-solvent significantly enhanced fiber diameter and uniformity, while promoting the formation of bicontinuous pores. Regardless of whether DMAC or DMF is used as the solvent, employing ethanol as the non-solvent results in a more uniform and densely packed porous structure compared to water. As the amount of non-solvent added increases, the internal porous structure of the fibers becomes increasingly superior. Additionally, the addition of non-solvent effectively facilitated the formation of β-phase and γ-phase through hydrogen bonding and confinement effects. The mechanism of NIPS-electrospinning was elucidated through ternary phase diagram and TGA analysis. Specifically, solvent evaporation led to the accumulation of condensed water on the fiber surface, triggering fiber solidification. Subsequently, the NIPS process continued internally within the fibers, resulting in the formation of superporous fibers with an internal bicontinuous pore structure.
{"title":"The morphological control and formation mechanism of porous electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride fibers","authors":"Yueling Shen, Ying Xu, Chen Chen, Cheng Zou, Yaoyao Yang, Deng-guang Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129693","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129693","url":null,"abstract":"By integrating non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) with electrospinning technology, porous electrospun fibers can be prepared in a single step. However, the underlying mechanism of phase separation process during electrospinning are still not well understood. In this study, the regulatory effects of non-solvent types and their addition amounts on the morphology and composition of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) electrospun fibers were systematically investigated by constructing various solvent/non-solvent systems, employing <em>N,N</em>-Dimethylacetamide (DMAC) or <em>N,N</em>-Dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvents, and water or ethanol as non- solvents. The results indicated that the incorporation of non-solvent significantly enhanced fiber diameter and uniformity, while promoting the formation of bicontinuous pores. Regardless of whether DMAC or DMF is used as the solvent, employing ethanol as the non-solvent results in a more uniform and densely packed porous structure compared to water. As the amount of non-solvent added increases, the internal porous structure of the fibers becomes increasingly superior. Additionally, the addition of non-solvent effectively facilitated the formation of <em>β</em>-phase and <em>γ</em>-phase through hydrogen bonding and confinement effects. The mechanism of NIPS-electrospinning was elucidated through ternary phase diagram and TGA analysis. Specifically, solvent evaporation led to the accumulation of condensed water on the fiber surface, triggering fiber solidification. Subsequently, the NIPS process continued internally within the fibers, resulting in the formation of superporous fibers with an internal bicontinuous pore structure.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"176 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of new biocompatible and biodegradable microparticles offering longer sustained drug release and greater stability than existing systems remains critical for subcutaneous injections. In this study, new microparticles based on a polylactide (PLA) stereo-complex (scPLA) stabilized with stearyl poly(ethylene glycol) (stPEG) were prepared. Curcumin, as a carrier drug, was encapsulated inside the prepared scPLA microparticles using the solution mixing method. Optical PLA isomers were prepared to enhance the loading capacity using mannose as a polyfunctional initiator, and scPLA samples were prepared via solution precipitation using the corresponding isomers. Varying the molecular weights and combinations of the isomers yielded scPLA microparticles with sizes ranging from 1.0 to 2.2 μm. These particles exhibited a single melting point (Tm) at approximately 215°C, confirming the absence of PLA crystals (Tm = 150°C). The desired curcumin-containing scPLA microparticles were successfully prepared by co-introducing curcumin and stPEG in the solution, with the maximum curcumin loading capacity reaching 14 wt%. scPLA microparticles loaded with curcumin showed significantly superior sustained release properties compared to nanoparticles composed of well-known mPEG-PLA copolymers also loaded with curcumin. This indicates that the highly stable crystalline structure of scPLA enabled the long-term drug release.
{"title":"Preparation of curcumin-loaded microparticles from star-shaped poly(lactic acid) stereo-complex","authors":"Ayane Kawamura, Tsutomu Ishihara, Masanori Terasaki, Tomohiro Sago, Tadashi Tsukamoto, Yuji Shibasaki","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129695","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129695","url":null,"abstract":"The development of new biocompatible and biodegradable microparticles offering longer sustained drug release and greater stability than existing systems remains critical for subcutaneous injections. In this study, new microparticles based on a polylactide (PLA) stereo-complex (scPLA) stabilized with stearyl poly(ethylene glycol) (stPEG) were prepared. Curcumin, as a carrier drug, was encapsulated inside the prepared scPLA microparticles using the solution mixing method. Optical PLA isomers were prepared to enhance the loading capacity using mannose as a polyfunctional initiator, and scPLA samples were prepared via solution precipitation using the corresponding isomers. Varying the molecular weights and combinations of the isomers yielded scPLA microparticles with sizes ranging from 1.0 to 2.2 μm. These particles exhibited a single melting point (<em>T</em><sub>m</sub>) at approximately 215°C, confirming the absence of PLA crystals (<em>T</em><sub>m</sub> = 150°C). The desired curcumin-containing scPLA microparticles were successfully prepared by co-introducing curcumin and stPEG in the solution, with the maximum curcumin loading capacity reaching 14 wt%. scPLA microparticles loaded with curcumin showed significantly superior sustained release properties compared to nanoparticles composed of well-known mPEG-PLA copolymers also loaded with curcumin. This indicates that the highly stable crystalline structure of scPLA enabled the long-term drug release.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146101794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hydrogen bond cross-linked polymers exhibit remarkable toughening, yet the molecular origin of their sliding and plasticity remains unclear. The changes in the mechanical behavior of polymers caused by the sliding of microscopic polymer chains have not yet been effectively understood. We develop a minimum free energy model for forced sliding of non-covalent cross-links and derive a closed-form expression for sliding free energy density by treating electrostatic and repulsive contributions on equal footing. This model predicts two distinct sliding states governed by the ratio of initial electrostatic energy to repulsive energy. The strong electrostatic interaction manifests as a conventional resistance-dependent sliding process, whereas the weak electrostatic interaction under applied load initially promotes hydrogen bond formation. We couple this sliding energy with conformational free energy obtained from Langevin chain statistics and the tube model to yield a total stress–strain response. Uniaxial tensile data for three material families are predicted with correlation coefficients. The theory quantitatively captures yield, necking, strain hardening, and the transition from entropy-dominated elasticity to slide-governed plasticity.
{"title":"Exploring the elastic-plastic behavior of hydrogen bond cross-linked polymers, based on the principle of minimum energy and the slide of non-covalent cross-linking","authors":"Ziyu Xing, Xiaodong Wang, Xiaoling Hu, Rongguo Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129689","url":null,"abstract":"Hydrogen bond cross-linked polymers exhibit remarkable toughening, yet the molecular origin of their sliding and plasticity remains unclear. The changes in the mechanical behavior of polymers caused by the sliding of microscopic polymer chains have not yet been effectively understood. We develop a minimum free energy model for forced sliding of non-covalent cross-links and derive a closed-form expression for sliding free energy density by treating electrostatic and repulsive contributions on equal footing. This model predicts two distinct sliding states governed by the ratio of initial electrostatic energy to repulsive energy. The strong electrostatic interaction manifests as a conventional resistance-dependent sliding process, whereas the weak electrostatic interaction under applied load initially promotes hydrogen bond formation. We couple this sliding energy with conformational free energy obtained from Langevin chain statistics and the tube model to yield a total stress–strain response. Uniaxial tensile data for three material families are predicted with correlation coefficients. The theory quantitatively captures yield, necking, strain hardening, and the transition from entropy-dominated elasticity to slide-governed plasticity.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146098192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129687
Mohamed Gouda, Mai M. Khalaf, Manal F. Abou Taleb, Mahmoud A. Abdelaziz, Hany M. Abd El-Lateef
Flexible, lightweight, and low-cost polymer-based materials are increasingly important for emerging electronic and optoelectronic technologies with reduced environmental impact. In this study, chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (Cs/PVA) composite films incorporating different loadings of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) were fabricated using a simple solution-casting method. The novelty of this work lies in the systematic correlation between Co3O4 content and the combined structural, optical, dielectric, electric modulus, and electrical conductivity responses of Cs/PVA composite films. Structural and morphological features were analyzed using XRD, FTIR, and SEM, confirming the successful incorporation of Co3O4 within the polymer matrix. Optical measurements revealed a gradual reduction in the indirect band gap and an increase in the Urbach energy with increasing Co3O4 content, indicating the formation of localized states and enhanced light absorption. Dielectric studies demonstrated a significant enhancement in permittivity and dielectric loss at low frequencies due to interfacial and space-charge polarization, while electric modulus analysis revealed concentration-dependent relaxation behavior. In addition, electrical conductivity increased progressively with increasing Co3O4 loading, reflecting improved charge-transport pathways. These findings demonstrate that Co3O4-loaded Cs/PVA composites are promising candidates for flexible dielectric devices, charge-storage components, sensors, and lightweight electronic systems.
{"title":"Structural, optical, and electrical Studies of cobalt oxide incorporated chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) composite films","authors":"Mohamed Gouda, Mai M. Khalaf, Manal F. Abou Taleb, Mahmoud A. Abdelaziz, Hany M. Abd El-Lateef","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129687","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129687","url":null,"abstract":"Flexible, lightweight, and low-cost polymer-based materials are increasingly important for emerging electronic and optoelectronic technologies with reduced environmental impact. In this study, chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) (Cs/PVA) composite films incorporating different loadings of cobalt oxide (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) were fabricated using a simple solution-casting method. The novelty of this work lies in the systematic correlation between Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> content and the combined structural, optical, dielectric, electric modulus, and electrical conductivity responses of Cs/PVA composite films. Structural and morphological features were analyzed using XRD, FTIR, and SEM, confirming the successful incorporation of Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> within the polymer matrix. Optical measurements revealed a gradual reduction in the indirect band gap and an increase in the Urbach energy with increasing Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> content, indicating the formation of localized states and enhanced light absorption. Dielectric studies demonstrated a significant enhancement in permittivity and dielectric loss at low frequencies due to interfacial and space-charge polarization, while electric modulus analysis revealed concentration-dependent relaxation behavior. In addition, electrical conductivity increased progressively with increasing Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> loading, reflecting improved charge-transport pathways. These findings demonstrate that Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-loaded Cs/PVA composites are promising candidates for flexible dielectric devices, charge-storage components, sensors, and lightweight electronic systems.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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