Pub Date : 2026-02-05DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129705
Wu Guo, Enhui Liu, Zhaohui Chen, Li Li
Conventional uniaxial hot stretching of polylactic acid (PLA) films usually leads to the loss of transverse direction (TD) strength, due to the orientation of molecular chains along the machine direction (MD). To address this issue, this study proposed a novel and industrially feasible strategy, i.e., combining melt casting and uniaxial hot stretching, and utilizing the critical role of the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) in governing the crystal evolution and macroscopic properties during hot stretching, to produce high-performance PLA films without sacrificing the TD strength. Compared with hot-pressed precursors, the melt casting precursors possessed higher RAF, which could promote strain-induced crystallization more quickly, forming a dense PLA crystal network at low stretching ratios (SR ≤ 3). This physical cross-linked network effectively restricted the movement of amorphous chains, particularly along TD, and induced higher stress during the strain hardening stage, thereby facilitating the formation of highly oriented crystals and smaller-sized nanocrystals (denser crystal network structure). Consequently, even at SR of 5, the TD strength of PLA films remained undiminished (55.9 MPa), and the tensile and tear strength in MD reached 144 MPa, 225.6N/mm, respectively. More importantly, these films exhibited excellent puncture strength (275 N/mm), high transparency (90% at 600 nm), heat resistance (1980 MPa at 80 °C), and superior oxygen barrier properties (1.9×10-15cm3·cm/(cm2·s·Pa)). This work would provide a theoretical and practical pathway for advanced PLA film production.
{"title":"Overcoming the Transverse Strength Loss of Uniaxially Stretched PLA Films: The Role of Rigid Amorphous Fraction in Achieving High Performance","authors":"Wu Guo, Enhui Liu, Zhaohui Chen, Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129705","url":null,"abstract":"Conventional uniaxial hot stretching of polylactic acid (PLA) films usually leads to the loss of transverse direction (TD) strength, due to the orientation of molecular chains along the machine direction (MD). To address this issue, this study proposed a novel and industrially feasible strategy, i.e., combining melt casting and uniaxial hot stretching, and utilizing the critical role of the rigid amorphous fraction (RAF) in governing the crystal evolution and macroscopic properties during hot stretching, to produce high-performance PLA films without sacrificing the TD strength. Compared with hot-pressed precursors, the melt casting precursors possessed higher RAF, which could promote strain-induced crystallization more quickly, forming a dense PLA crystal network at low stretching ratios (SR ≤ 3). This physical cross-linked network effectively restricted the movement of amorphous chains, particularly along TD, and induced higher stress during the strain hardening stage, thereby facilitating the formation of highly oriented crystals and smaller-sized nanocrystals (denser crystal network structure). Consequently, even at SR of 5, the TD strength of PLA films remained undiminished (55.9 MPa), and the tensile and tear strength in MD reached 144 MPa, 225.6N/mm, respectively. More importantly, these films exhibited excellent puncture strength (275 N/mm), high transparency (90% at 600 nm), heat resistance (1980 MPa at 80 °C), and superior oxygen barrier properties (1.9×10<sup>-15</sup>cm<sup>3</sup>·cm/(cm<sup>2</sup>·s·Pa)). This work would provide a theoretical and practical pathway for advanced PLA film production.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129669
Young Kwang Kim, Hye-Jin Seo, Seong Hui Hong, Chang-Hun Lee, Ik Sung Choi, Hyun Woo Song, Sang Kyoo Lim
{"title":"Key determinants of hydrolytic stability of PLA/PBS blend fibers: The role of aromatic sulfonate derivative and carbodiimide","authors":"Young Kwang Kim, Hye-Jin Seo, Seong Hui Hong, Chang-Hun Lee, Ik Sung Choi, Hyun Woo Song, Sang Kyoo Lim","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129669","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146135323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129700
Jungju Ryu, Anna V. Sokolova, Minjeong Kang, Yoolee Lee, Ngoc Nguyen Quang, Daun Seol, Sanghoon Cho, Hoeil Chung, Daewon Sohn
The internal structure of tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol) networks crosslinked via coordination bonds was investigated to understand the structural aspects of these networks, which are connected by finite polymer units. In tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol) modified with catechol moieties (4-PCA), the networks were preserved by coordination bonds of catechol-Fe(III) ions using optimal quantitative ratios (RCA/Fe) that form bis and tris-complexes depending on pH values. The network is established with finite units associated with changes in geometrical connections. This research focuses on the structural aspects composed of controllable coordination bonding units. The samples were investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The apparent correlation lengths of the gels were discussed as the presence of nano-defects. The contrast variation SNAS results support the presence of nano-defects, Rg ∼ 3 nm. The defects are incorporated by partial irregularity of missing linkages and subsequent distortion of the topology. The rapid and sensitive controls using metal-mediated coordination bond may generate defects in the polymer network. It suggests that diverse strategies for metal-mediated hydrogels can be found by monitoring their nanostructures.
{"title":"Nanostructures of Tetra-arm Poly(ethylene glycol) Networks by Iron(III)-Catechol Coordinative Crosslinking Units","authors":"Jungju Ryu, Anna V. Sokolova, Minjeong Kang, Yoolee Lee, Ngoc Nguyen Quang, Daun Seol, Sanghoon Cho, Hoeil Chung, Daewon Sohn","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129700","url":null,"abstract":"The internal structure of tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol) networks crosslinked via coordination bonds was investigated to understand the structural aspects of these networks, which are connected by finite polymer units. In tetra-arm poly(ethylene glycol) modified with catechol moieties (4-PCA), the networks were preserved by coordination bonds of catechol-Fe(III) ions using optimal quantitative ratios (R<sub>CA/Fe</sub>) that form bis and tris-complexes depending on pH values. The network is established with finite units associated with changes in geometrical connections. This research focuses on the structural aspects composed of controllable coordination bonding units. The samples were investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The apparent correlation lengths of the gels were discussed as the presence of nano-defects. The contrast variation SNAS results support the presence of nano-defects, R<sub>g</sub> ∼ 3 nm. The defects are incorporated by partial irregularity of missing linkages and subsequent distortion of the topology. The rapid and sensitive controls using metal-mediated coordination bond may generate defects in the polymer network. It suggests that diverse strategies for metal-mediated hydrogels can be found by monitoring their nanostructures.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129675
Le Zhou, Chunhua Zhu, Junhua Zhao
{"title":"Molecular Dynamics Study on the Influence of a Liquid-Crystalline Co-Curing Agent on the Curing Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Epoxy Resins","authors":"Le Zhou, Chunhua Zhu, Junhua Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129675","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129675","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129696
Chuxuan Chen, Zhaoyi Liu, Chaoqun Liu, Wei Yang, Guoqi Ma, Jiaping Pan, Yang Lv, Jinghui Gao, Li Yin
{"title":"Molecular Dynamics Study on the Formation of the Interface between Low-Density Polyethylene and Cross-Linked Polyethylene","authors":"Chuxuan Chen, Zhaoyi Liu, Chaoqun Liu, Wei Yang, Guoqi Ma, Jiaping Pan, Yang Lv, Jinghui Gao, Li Yin","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129696","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"398 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the advent of industrialization, urbanization, and the widespread use of chemicals, formaldehyde and ammonia have become typical indoor pollutants that pose a threat to human health and ecological safety. This study reports a "dual cross-linking" functionalized system based on polypropylene nonwoven fabric (NWF), which can efficiently remove formaldehyde and ammonia at room temperature through highly selective nucleophilic addition reactions between aminooxy/amino and aldehyde groups, with water as the sole by-product and no secondary pollutants. Initially, an OB-GA cross-linking network is achieved through the nucleophilic addition reaction between O,O'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(hydroxylamine) dihydrochloride (OB) and glutaraldehyde (GA). Then, the OB-GA cross-linked polymer is stably loaded onto the surface of the fibers by the sodium alginate (SA)-calcium ion (Ca2+) crosslink mechanism, thereby successfully constructing NWF/SA/OB-GA composite. This dual cross-linking structure endows the material with high selectivity and high-capacity adsorption properties. More importantly, the composite can be regenerated under weakly acidic conditions, enabling reuse and reducing usage costs. Additionally, by adjusting the OB/GA molar ratio, the application of the composites can be customized. Under the N2 flow rate of 1.0 L/min at 25 °C, 1 g of SA/OB-GA/8-2 composite (rich in aminooxy group) can remove 137 mg of formaldehyde within 24 h, while 1 g of SA/OB-GA/2-8 composite (rich in aldehyde group) can remove 123 mg of NH3 within 24 h. This technology offers a controllable, efficient solution for air pollution purification applications.
随着工业化、城市化的到来和化学品的广泛使用，甲醛和氨已成为威胁人类健康和生态安全的典型室内污染物。本研究报道了一种基于聚丙烯非织造布（NWF）的“双交联”功能化体系，该体系在室温下通过氨基/氨基与醛之间的高选择性亲核加成反应，以水为唯一副产物，无二次污染，可有效去除甲醛和氨。最初，通过O，O'-（乙烷-1,2-二基）双（羟胺）二盐酸盐（OB）与戊二醛（GA）之间的亲核加成反应形成OB-GA交联网络。然后，通过海藻酸钠(SA)-钙离子（Ca2+）交联机制将OB-GA交联聚合物稳定加载到纤维表面，从而成功构建了NWF/SA/OB-GA复合材料。这种双交联结构使材料具有高选择性和高容量吸附性能。更重要的是，复合材料可以在弱酸性条件下再生，可以重复使用，降低使用成本。此外，通过调整OB/GA的摩尔比，可以定制复合材料的应用。在25℃条件下，在1.0 L/min的N2流速下，1 g SA/OB-GA/8-2复合材料（富含氨基基）可在24 h内去除137 mg甲醛，1 g SA/OB-GA/2-8复合材料（富含醛基）可在24 h内去除123 mg NH3。该技术为空气污染净化应用提供了一种可控、高效的解决方案。
{"title":"Composition-directed fabrication of dual cross-linked bifunctional composites on fabrics for chemical removal of formaldehyde and amine air-pollutants","authors":"Mengyu Cao, Shanmei Luo, Xiaolong Yang, Jijie Li, Xiuping Liu, Jinhou Fang, Honglei Liu, Jingquan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129692","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of industrialization, urbanization, and the widespread use of chemicals, formaldehyde and ammonia have become typical indoor pollutants that pose a threat to human health and ecological safety. This study reports a \"dual cross-linking\" functionalized system based on polypropylene nonwoven fabric (NWF), which can efficiently remove formaldehyde and ammonia at room temperature through highly selective nucleophilic addition reactions between aminooxy/amino and aldehyde groups, with water as the sole by-product and no secondary pollutants. Initially, an OB-GA cross-linking network is achieved through the nucleophilic addition reaction between O,O'-(ethane-1,2-diyl)bis(hydroxylamine) dihydrochloride (OB) and glutaraldehyde (GA). Then, the OB-GA cross-linked polymer is stably loaded onto the surface of the fibers by the sodium alginate (SA)-calcium ion (Ca<sup>2+</sup>) crosslink mechanism, thereby successfully constructing NWF/SA/OB-GA composite. This dual cross-linking structure endows the material with high selectivity and high-capacity adsorption properties. More importantly, the composite can be regenerated under weakly acidic conditions, enabling reuse and reducing usage costs. Additionally, by adjusting the OB/GA molar ratio, the application of the composites can be customized. Under the N<sub>2</sub> flow rate of 1.0 L/min at 25 °C, 1 g of SA/OB-GA/8-2 composite (rich in aminooxy group) can remove 137 mg of formaldehyde within 24 h, while 1 g of SA/OB-GA/2-8 composite (rich in aldehyde group) can remove 123 mg of NH<sub>3</sub> within 24 h. This technology offers a controllable, efficient solution for air pollution purification applications.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"58 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146111006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-02-03DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129654
T. Sreedevi, Franck Ducos, Jesiya Susan George, Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, A.V. Asha Bhanu, Henri Vahabi, P. Poornima Vijayan
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a superior biodegradable polymer, it requires structural modifications using crosslinking agents and nanofillers to assure thermal integrity. PVA-cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite films were fabricated by solvent casting with boric acid as crosslinking agent (named PVA-BA-CNF composite). Chemical interactions established between components of the composite film was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Newly formed B-O-C linkages were evident from chemical structure evaluation. Surface morphology of the film was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy (OM). Morphological studies revealed a uniform dispersion of CNF in a PVA-BA crosslinked matrix especially at low boric acid content. Changes in crystallinity and crystalline size with extent of crosslinking in the composites has been evaluated using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Those parameters were correlated with melting temperature (Tm) of the composites obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The higher glass transition temperature (Tg) recorded for PVA-BA-CNF composite films were correlated with increased crosslinking. The effect of boric acid content on thermal stability, degradation kinetics and the processing window for PVA-BA-CNF composites have been evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis. The apparent activation energy for thermal degradation was calculated using the coats-Redfern method. Vertical flammability test was conducted to study flammability of composite films. The PVA-BA-CNF composites exhibit enhanced thermal properties making them as a potential candidate for applications where higher thermal resistance and processability are required.
{"title":"Chemical and microstructure correlation towards optimisation of thermal behaviour of boric acid crosslinked PVA-cellulose nanofiber composite","authors":"T. Sreedevi, Franck Ducos, Jesiya Susan George, Jyotishkumar Parameswaranpillai, A.V. Asha Bhanu, Henri Vahabi, P. Poornima Vijayan","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2026.129654","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as a superior biodegradable polymer, it requires structural modifications using crosslinking agents and nanofillers to assure thermal integrity. PVA-cellulose nanofiber (CNF) composite films were fabricated by solvent casting with boric acid as crosslinking agent (named PVA-BA-CNF composite). Chemical interactions established between components of the composite film was characterised by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Newly formed B-O-C linkages were evident from chemical structure evaluation. Surface morphology of the film was evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscopy (OM). Morphological studies revealed a uniform dispersion of CNF in a PVA-BA crosslinked matrix especially at low boric acid content. Changes in crystallinity and crystalline size with extent of crosslinking in the composites has been evaluated using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) studies. Those parameters were correlated with melting temperature (<em>T</em><sub><em>m</em></sub>) of the composites obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The higher glass transition temperature (<em>T</em><sub><em>g</em></sub>) recorded for PVA-BA-CNF composite films were correlated with increased crosslinking. The effect of boric acid content on thermal stability, degradation kinetics and the processing window for PVA-BA-CNF composites have been evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis. The apparent activation energy for thermal degradation was calculated using the coats-Redfern method. Vertical flammability test was conducted to study flammability of composite films. The PVA-BA-CNF composites exhibit enhanced thermal properties making them as a potential candidate for applications where higher thermal resistance and processability are required.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"106 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146110986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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