In this work, a series of donor (D)-acceptor (A)-donor (D) type monomers, including TBD, TTBD and TTTBD, were designed and synthesized by modulating the conjugated length of the monomer backbone based on the benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione acceptor unit. The corresponding polymers PTTBD and PTTTBD were successfully synthesized through electrochemical polymerization, whereas this method was ineffective for the synthesis of PTBD from its monomer TBD. As the conjugated length of the monomeric backbone increased, the absorption spectra of these three monomers TBD, TTBD and TTTBD exhibited a progressive red-shift, and their onset potentials (Eonset) gradually decreased. In addition, PTTBD demonstrated superior electrochemical stability and electrochromic performance, changing color from purple in the neutral state to grey in the oxidized state, with a higher optical contrast of 45.65% and a coloration efficiency (CE) value of 570.84 cm2 C-1 at 1100 nm compared to PTTTBD (27.50% and 265.68 cm2 C-1). These results indicate that the strategy of tuning the conjugated length of the monomer backbone can optimize the electrochromic performance, offering a promising approach to the design of high-performance electrochromic polymers.
{"title":"Effect of conjugate length of monomeric thiophene backbone on electrochromic performance of benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione-based D-A polymers","authors":"Pengjie Chao, Qicheng Su, Yuqing Liao, Daize Mo, Lanqing Li, Donghua Fan, Yizhong Shi, Dongling Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128183","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, a series of donor (D)-acceptor (A)-donor (D) type monomers, including TBD, TTBD and TTTBD, were designed and synthesized by modulating the conjugated length of the monomer backbone based on the benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione acceptor unit. The corresponding polymers PTTBD and PTTTBD were successfully synthesized through electrochemical polymerization, whereas this method was ineffective for the synthesis of PTBD from its monomer TBD. As the conjugated length of the monomeric backbone increased, the absorption spectra of these three monomers TBD, TTBD and TTTBD exhibited a progressive red-shift, and their onset potentials (<em>E</em><sub>onset</sub>) gradually decreased. In addition, PTTBD demonstrated superior electrochemical stability and electrochromic performance, changing color from purple in the neutral state to grey in the oxidized state, with a higher optical contrast of 45.65% and a coloration efficiency (<em>CE</em>) value of 570.84 cm<sup>2</sup> C<sup>-1</sup> at 1100 nm compared to PTTTBD (27.50% and 265.68 cm<sup>2</sup> C<sup>-1</sup>). These results indicate that the strategy of tuning the conjugated length of the monomer backbone can optimize the electrochromic performance, offering a promising approach to the design of high-performance electrochromic polymers.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143471066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-21DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128182
Irene Alonso-Sampedro, Aitor Larrañaga, Ana Beloqui
The application of a layer-by-layer approach for stabilizing inorganic particles, such as calcium carbonate, with polyelectrolytes leads to the formation of core-shell architectures that create distinct environments for protein confinement. In this study, we propose embedding enzymes within the polymeric shell by synthesizing polymer-enzyme hybrids. These hybrids are designed to be effectively entrapped among the polymer layers through electrostatic interactions. Consequently, we have investigated the localization of enzymes within the various confinements provided by layered particles and evaluated their potential to function as catalytic microreactors.
{"title":"Compartmentalization of multilayer microreactors using protein-polymer hybrids","authors":"Irene Alonso-Sampedro, Aitor Larrañaga, Ana Beloqui","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128182","url":null,"abstract":"The application of a layer-by-layer approach for stabilizing inorganic particles, such as calcium carbonate, with polyelectrolytes leads to the formation of core-shell architectures that create distinct environments for protein confinement. In this study, we propose embedding enzymes within the polymeric shell by synthesizing polymer-enzyme hybrids. These hybrids are designed to be effectively entrapped among the polymer layers through electrostatic interactions. Consequently, we have investigated the localization of enzymes within the various confinements provided by layered particles and evaluated their potential to function as catalytic microreactors.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143462446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128155
Andriy R. Kuzmyn, Sissi de Beer
Polymer brush coatings have been used to tune interfacial properties for numerous applications, such as biomedical implants, biosensors, and in tissue engineering. In the past decade, photochemistry has emerged as a growing area in polymer chemistry. Using light to drive polymerization reactions has the advantage that it enables spatial and temporal control over the reaction. Surface-initiated photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (SI-PET-RAFT) has emerged as an excellent technique for developing well-defined polymer brush coatings composed of various functional monomers. This compact review focuses on this highly versatile scalable synthesis technique for creating polymer brush coatings and the applications of these coatings.
{"title":"Polymer brushes by SI-PET-RAFT: Synthesis and applications","authors":"Andriy R. Kuzmyn, Sissi de Beer","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128155","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128155","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polymer brush coatings have been used to tune interfacial properties for numerous applications, such as biomedical implants, biosensors, and in tissue engineering. In the past decade, photochemistry has emerged as a growing area in polymer chemistry. Using light to drive polymerization reactions has the advantage that it enables spatial and temporal control over the reaction. Surface-initiated photoinduced electron/energy transfer reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (SI-PET-RAFT) has emerged as an excellent technique for developing well-defined polymer brush coatings composed of various functional monomers. This compact review focuses on this highly versatile scalable synthesis technique for creating polymer brush coatings and the applications of these coatings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 128155"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143451808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-20DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128173
RongKai Wang , XuanXu Liu , ChengZhen Meng , YuHao Wu , Chao Zeng , ShengMing Zhang , Peng Ji , ChaoSheng Wang , HuaPing Wang
Efficient short process preparation of PA6 fibers has received much attention. Almost all research related to PA6 melt direct spinning requires modifications to industrialized equipment that would otherwise not be suitable for the industrial production of PA6 direct spinning. In this paper, the reduction of oligomer content was achieved during melt transportation before spinning. Liquid-phase de-volatilization of PA6 melt was carried out using a twin-screw extruder with a depressurization device, and the oligomer removal efficiency was improved by a combination of pressurized feeding and depressurized conveying. The results indicated that after de-volatilization, PA6 oligomer is reduced to 0.9–1.2 wt%, and the cyclic dimer content decreased to 0.18–0.21 wt%, which are 90 % and 75 % lower than that before de-volatilization, respectively. After de-volatilization, PA6 melt can be directly high speed (4000 m/min) spinning. The spinning process is stable, achieving a fiber strength of 4.0–4.4 cN/dtex and a dyeing rate exceeding 96 %. This performance is comparable to the PA6 fiber treated with industrial hydrothermal extraction. The oligomer control process (pre-spinning de-volatilization) in this paper can be directly connected to existing industrial PA6 polymerization and spinning units to achieve a continuous PA6 polymerization-melt transport-spinning process. The process reduces oligomer removal time from 20 to 24 h to less than 15 min when compared to existing hydrothermal extraction. The process is thoroughly compared with current oligomer control technologies and offers a cost-effective solution for the direct melt spinning of PA6 fibers.
{"title":"Highly efficient de-volatilization of PA6 melt before spinning, enabling oligomer content control and direct melt spinning","authors":"RongKai Wang , XuanXu Liu , ChengZhen Meng , YuHao Wu , Chao Zeng , ShengMing Zhang , Peng Ji , ChaoSheng Wang , HuaPing Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Efficient short process preparation of PA6 fibers has received much attention. Almost all research related to PA6 melt direct spinning requires modifications to industrialized equipment that would otherwise not be suitable for the industrial production of PA6 direct spinning. In this paper, the reduction of oligomer content was achieved during melt transportation before spinning. Liquid-phase de-volatilization of PA6 melt was carried out using a twin-screw extruder with a depressurization device, and the oligomer removal efficiency was improved by a combination of pressurized feeding and depressurized conveying. The results indicated that after de-volatilization, PA6 oligomer is reduced to 0.9–1.2 <em>wt</em>%, and the cyclic dimer content decreased to 0.18–0.21 <em>wt</em>%, which are 90 % and 75 % lower than that before de-volatilization, respectively. After de-volatilization, PA6 melt can be directly high speed (4000 m/min) spinning. The spinning process is stable, achieving a fiber strength of 4.0–4.4 cN/dtex and a dyeing rate exceeding 96 %. This performance is comparable to the PA6 fiber treated with industrial hydrothermal extraction. The oligomer control process (pre-spinning de-volatilization) in this paper can be directly connected to existing industrial PA6 polymerization and spinning units to achieve a continuous PA6 polymerization-melt transport-spinning process. The process reduces oligomer removal time from 20 to 24 h to less than 15 min when compared to existing hydrothermal extraction. The process is thoroughly compared with current oligomer control technologies and offers a cost-effective solution for the direct melt spinning of PA6 fibers.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 128173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128171
Shengbo Geng , Qin Qin , Gaigai Duan , Xiaoshuai Han , Chunmei Zhang , Shuijian He , Chunxin Ma , Haimei Mao , Shaohua Jiang
Liquid metal (LM) smart hydrogel is a kind of multifunctional electronic material with deformable ability. Because it contains LM compared with ordinary hydrogels, it has excellent electrical conductivity while having variability and has good application prospects in wearable materials. By combining LM and hydrogels with different structural designs, a variety of extensibility composites can be further obtained. This paper not only introduces the method of LM and hydrogel composite, but also describes the various properties of LM hydrogel. The applications of LM hydrogels in sensors, actuators, electromagnetic interference shielding, triboelectric nanogenerators, seawater desalination and biomedicine are introduced in detail. Finally, we discuss the main challenges in the current development of LM smart hydrogels and look forward to their future application prospects.
{"title":"Smart hydrogels with liquid metals: Structural design, properties, and applications","authors":"Shengbo Geng , Qin Qin , Gaigai Duan , Xiaoshuai Han , Chunmei Zhang , Shuijian He , Chunxin Ma , Haimei Mao , Shaohua Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128171","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Liquid metal (LM) smart hydrogel is a kind of multifunctional electronic material with deformable ability. Because it contains LM compared with ordinary hydrogels, it has excellent electrical conductivity while having variability and has good application prospects in wearable materials. By combining LM and hydrogels with different structural designs, a variety of extensibility composites can be further obtained. This paper not only introduces the method of LM and hydrogel composite, but also describes the various properties of LM hydrogel. The applications of LM hydrogels in sensors, actuators, electromagnetic interference shielding, triboelectric nanogenerators, seawater desalination and biomedicine are introduced in detail. Finally, we discuss the main challenges in the current development of LM smart hydrogels and look forward to their future application prospects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 128171"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128165
Heng Zhang, Zichao Li, Lincheng Ji, Youxin Ji, Fengmei Su, Chuntai Liu
The influence of melt structure on the polymorphic selection during recrystallization of isotactic polybutene-1 (iPB-1) was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements in this work. The melt with varying ordered structures was prepared by controlling the melt temperature (Tme). The result revealed a significant memory effect on the polymorphic selection in recrystallization, which recrystallized into form I' or II depending on Tme and the initial crystallization temperature of the sample. The Tme range, which was commonly divided into three Domains (Domains I, II, and III) according to the recognized rule, was re-divided. Where the Domain III was further divided into three regions while Domain II was further divided into two regions based on the melting of initial form I and the polymorphic selection in recrystallization. To be specific, only the initial crystal form I is observed in Domain IIIc; form I' generated in Domain IIIb; while in Domain IIIa, a mixture of forms I' and II formed; when Tme reaches Domain IIb, the melt crystallize into form II while no formation of form I' is observed; in Domain IIa, where only form II is shown, the initial crystal form I is not observed. Samples with different initial crystallization temperatures exhibit significant variations in the specific boundary temperatures of Domains, which may be attributed to the lamellar thickness and its distribution in the initial crystals. Overall, the polymorph selection is attributed to the heterogeneous melting of the initial lamellae.
{"title":"Investigation on the Polymorph Selection during Recrystallization of Isotactic Polybutene-1 Homopolymer","authors":"Heng Zhang, Zichao Li, Lincheng Ji, Youxin Ji, Fengmei Su, Chuntai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128165","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of melt structure on the polymorphic selection during recrystallization of isotactic polybutene-1 (iPB-1) was investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements in this work. The melt with varying ordered structures was prepared by controlling the melt temperature (T<sub>me</sub>). The result revealed a significant memory effect on the polymorphic selection in recrystallization, which recrystallized into form I' or II depending on T<sub>me</sub> and the initial crystallization temperature of the sample. The T<sub>me</sub> range, which was commonly divided into three Domains (Domains I, II, and III) according to the recognized rule, was re-divided. Where the Domain III was further divided into three regions while Domain II was further divided into two regions based on the melting of initial form I and the polymorphic selection in recrystallization. To be specific, only the initial crystal form I is observed in Domain III<sub>c</sub>; form I' generated in Domain III<sub>b</sub>; while in Domain III<sub>a</sub>, a mixture of forms I' and II formed; when T<sub>me</sub> reaches Domain II<sub>b</sub>, the melt crystallize into form II while no formation of form I' is observed; in Domain IIa, where only form II is shown, the initial crystal form I is not observed. Samples with different initial crystallization temperatures exhibit significant variations in the specific boundary temperatures of Domains, which may be attributed to the lamellar thickness and its distribution in the initial crystals. Overall, the polymorph selection is attributed to the heterogeneous melting of the initial lamellae.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128174
J.F. Vega , H. Salavagione , Fabio Nadin-Ambrosio , H. Seyler , A. Cardil , M.A. Gómez-Fatou , A. Flores
Polyurethane adhesives with thermoreversible Diels Alder (DA) bonds offer a sustainable approach to improve recyclability of multilayer packaging. This study evaluates the effect of graphene, used as an internal heater to trigger bond breakage, on the mechanical properties by indentation and shear rheology. Particular attention is paid to their reversibility and cyclability upon thermal heating or IR irradiation. Graphene initially reduces the modulus by disrupting network formation resulting in reduced DA bond incorporation and crosslink density. The intrinsic properties of graphene counterbalance this effect at higher loadings. Rheology shows that graphene accelerates the retro-DA reaction during conventional thermal heating. Indentation tests indicate that IR exposure temporarily reduces the mechanical properties, with full recovery after 100 min. Both rheological and indentation methods show improved mechanical properties (modulus and hardness) after the initial retro-DA reaction, which stabilise after further thermal treatments and are related to the formation of a new network structure.
{"title":"Assessing the mechanical behaviour of reusable polyurethane networks with graphene as internal nano-heater","authors":"J.F. Vega , H. Salavagione , Fabio Nadin-Ambrosio , H. Seyler , A. Cardil , M.A. Gómez-Fatou , A. Flores","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Polyurethane adhesives with thermoreversible Diels Alder (DA) bonds offer a sustainable approach to improve recyclability of multilayer packaging. This study evaluates the effect of graphene, used as an internal heater to trigger bond breakage, on the mechanical properties by indentation and shear rheology. Particular attention is paid to their reversibility and cyclability upon thermal heating or IR irradiation. Graphene initially reduces the modulus by disrupting network formation resulting in reduced DA bond incorporation and crosslink density. The intrinsic properties of graphene counterbalance this effect at higher loadings. Rheology shows that graphene accelerates the retro-DA reaction during conventional thermal heating. Indentation tests indicate that IR exposure temporarily reduces the mechanical properties, with full recovery after 100 min. Both rheological and indentation methods show improved mechanical properties (modulus and hardness) after the initial retro-DA reaction, which stabilise after further thermal treatments and are related to the formation of a new network structure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 128174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143443820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128180
Renzhi Xu, Xin Lu, Zhong Xin
A degradable biobased polybenzoxazine with strong adhesion property was fabricated through incorporating of acetal structures. A main-chain type benzoxazine precursor (DVEA-dad) was prepared from a diacetal derived from vanillin and erythritol, 1, 10-diaminodecane and paraformaldehyde. The structure and curing behavior of DVEA-dad were investigated in detail. The cured polybenzoxazine (PDVEA-dad) possessed a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 154 °C according to the result of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). When utilized as adhesives for metal sheets, PDVEA-dad exhibited high lap shear strength up to 9.4 ± 0.9 MPa for steel sheets. The dynamic exchange of acetal bonds enabled PDVEA-dad to have rebonding and reprocessing properties. Additionally, the results of chemical degradation experiments revealed that PDVEA-dad could be degraded completely under acidic conditions through the cleavage of acetal bonds. This work provided an effective solution to promote the development of biobased polybenzoxazine adhesives.
{"title":"Biobased Polybenzoxazine Containing Acetal Structures: Adhesion, Rebonding, and Degradation Properties","authors":"Renzhi Xu, Xin Lu, Zhong Xin","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128180","url":null,"abstract":"A degradable biobased polybenzoxazine with strong adhesion property was fabricated through incorporating of acetal structures. A main-chain type benzoxazine precursor (DVEA-dad) was prepared from a diacetal derived from vanillin and erythritol, 1, 10-diaminodecane and paraformaldehyde. The structure and curing behavior of DVEA-dad were investigated in detail. The cured polybenzoxazine (PDVEA-dad) possessed a glass transition temperature (<em>T</em><sub>g</sub>) of 154 °C according to the result of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). When utilized as adhesives for metal sheets, PDVEA-dad exhibited high lap shear strength up to 9.4 ± 0.9 MPa for steel sheets. The dynamic exchange of acetal bonds enabled PDVEA-dad to have rebonding and reprocessing properties. Additionally, the results of chemical degradation experiments revealed that PDVEA-dad could be degraded completely under acidic conditions through the cleavage of acetal bonds. This work provided an effective solution to promote the development of biobased polybenzoxazine adhesives.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128177
Huandong Wu , Shuping Xiao , Pengcheng Zeng , Liu Yang , Jiarong Huang , Lingcao Tan , Baiping Xu
Porous elastomer dielectric layer has attracted more and more attentions in capacitive pressure sensor (CPS) because of its strong deformability and large compressive strain. In this work, a simple, low cost and eco-friendly method of supercritical carbon dioxide foaming is first utilized to fabricated micro-porous elastomer dielectric layer for the CPS. By adjusting foaming temperature, a uniform micro-porous structure with thinner pore wall and larger pore size is obtained. Such micro-porous structure of the elastomer dielectric layer enables the corresponding CPS with significantly higher sensitivity than the CPS with the solid dielectric layer. The sensitivity of the former can be as high as about 53 times higher than that of the latter. By characterizing and analyzing the mechanical and dielectric properties of the elastomer dielectric layer, the mechanism for improvement on pressure sensing performance by the micro-porous structure is revealed. Via adjusting the saturation pressure and thus optimizing the porous structure, the sensing performance of the CPS is further improved. And the CPS with higher sensitivity and wider pressure detection range was obtained. The fabricated micro-porous TPU-based CPS exhibits good cyclic stability and durability, and can well detect the dynamic and static pressure for the human motion detection.
{"title":"Capacitive pressure sensor with high sensitivity and wide pressure detection range based on a micro-porous elastomer dielectric layer fabricated via supercritical carbon dioxide foaming","authors":"Huandong Wu , Shuping Xiao , Pengcheng Zeng , Liu Yang , Jiarong Huang , Lingcao Tan , Baiping Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Porous elastomer dielectric layer has attracted more and more attentions in capacitive pressure sensor (CPS) because of its strong deformability and large compressive strain. In this work, a simple, low cost and eco-friendly method of supercritical carbon dioxide foaming is first utilized to fabricated micro-porous elastomer dielectric layer for the CPS. By adjusting foaming temperature, a uniform micro-porous structure with thinner pore wall and larger pore size is obtained. Such micro-porous structure of the elastomer dielectric layer enables the corresponding CPS with significantly higher sensitivity than the CPS with the solid dielectric layer. The sensitivity of the former can be as high as about 53 times higher than that of the latter. By characterizing and analyzing the mechanical and dielectric properties of the elastomer dielectric layer, the mechanism for improvement on pressure sensing performance by the micro-porous structure is revealed. Via adjusting the saturation pressure and thus optimizing the porous structure, the sensing performance of the CPS is further improved. And the CPS with higher sensitivity and wider pressure detection range was obtained. The fabricated micro-porous TPU-based CPS exhibits good cyclic stability and durability, and can well detect the dynamic and static pressure for the human motion detection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 128177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-02-19DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128181
Muhammad Bagus Arif , Evi Yulianti , Qolby Sabrina , Sudaryanto Sudaryanto , Sun Theo C.L. Ndruru , Muhammad Ghozali
Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are gaining recognition as eco-friendly and easy-to-process energy storage solutions. Separators, which are crucial for performance, have received less attention. Separators play a vital role in facilitating efficient zinc-ion transfer and ensuring uniform ion distribution to minimize dendrite formation. Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), with their charged functional groups, show promise as separators. This study developed bio-polyelectrolyte complex (b-PEC) membranes using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and chitosan through the hot-press method. Adding NaCl during preparation activated functional groups and enhancing structural integrity. Without chemical crosslinking, the b-PEC membranes retained the original properties of the constituent polyelectrolytes. Chitosan functional groups reduced Zn2+ diffusion and immobilized SO42−, while CMC facilitated Zn2+ transport, promoting uniform ion distribution and reducing dendrite formation. The optimized b-PEC (0.5)-ZnSO4 membrane achieved an ionic conductivity of 9.29 × 10−3 S cm−1 and a zinc-ion transference number of 0.68, highlighting its potential as a ZIB separator.
{"title":"Preparation of bio-polyelectrolyte complex membrane from carboxymethylcellulose and chitosan as a selective alternative zinc-ion battery separator","authors":"Muhammad Bagus Arif , Evi Yulianti , Qolby Sabrina , Sudaryanto Sudaryanto , Sun Theo C.L. Ndruru , Muhammad Ghozali","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128181","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128181","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) are gaining recognition as eco-friendly and easy-to-process energy storage solutions. Separators, which are crucial for performance, have received less attention. Separators play a vital role in facilitating efficient zinc-ion transfer and ensuring uniform ion distribution to minimize dendrite formation. Polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs), with their charged functional groups, show promise as separators. This study developed bio-polyelectrolyte complex (b-PEC) membranes using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and chitosan through the hot-press method. Adding NaCl during preparation activated functional groups and enhancing structural integrity. Without chemical crosslinking, the b-PEC membranes retained the original properties of the constituent polyelectrolytes. Chitosan functional groups reduced Zn<sup>2+</sup> diffusion and immobilized SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2−</sup>, while CMC facilitated Zn<sup>2+</sup> transport, promoting uniform ion distribution and reducing dendrite formation. The optimized b-PEC (0.5)-ZnSO<sub>4</sub> membrane achieved an ionic conductivity of 9.29 × 10<sup>−3</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> and a zinc-ion transference number of 0.68, highlighting its potential as a ZIB separator.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 128181"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143452077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：