Polymer最新文献_第4页

New insights on the crystal structure of P(VDF-co-TrFE) copolymer (55/45 mol%) and influence on the high piezoelectric response

IF 4.1 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128317

Mélanie Girardot, Jean-François Tahon, Joël Lyskawa, Sophie Barrau

Copolymers of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and trifluoroethylene (TrFE), P(VDF-co-TrFE), exhibit remarkable electroactive properties. More precisely, the copolymers with a molar fraction of VDF between 49 % and 55 % present high piezoelectric properties. However, the literature on P(VDF-co-TrFE) with this composition range is limited, and there are divergences regarding the attribution of crystal phases, unlike the copolymers containing around 70 %–80 % of VDF, which have been extensively studied. In this study, wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) experiments were conducted on a 55/45 P(VDF-co-TrFE) film to gain a better understanding of its crystal structure in correlation to its high piezoelectric properties. For comparison, a 80/20 P(VDF-co-TrFE) film is used as a reference. The results reveal that 55/45 P(VDF-co-TrFE) is mainly composed of two defective ferroelectric (DFE) phases, unlike 80/20 P(VDF-co-TrFE), which contains a mixture of a small fraction of DFE phase and a high fraction of ferroelectric (FE) phases. The stretching of 55/45 copolymer film induces the transformation of DFE phases to FE phase to obtain a structure very similar to that of the unstretched 80/20 copolymer. After poling, the unstretched 55/45 P(VDF-co-TrFE) film exhibits a high piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ of −41 pC/N, compared to more classical values of −22 pC/N for both the stretched 55/45 P(VDF-co-TrFE) and the unstretched 80/20 P(VDF-co-TrFE). This result is mainly explained by the exclusive presence of DFE phases in the unstretched 55/45 P(VDF-co-TrFE), which have greater mobility and then a better ability to polarize compared to the FE phase. This study thus highlights the importance of the DFE phase presence impacted by the film elaboration process in achieving a high piezoelectric coefficient in copolymers. This investigation contributes to a better understanding of the relationships between elaboration, structure and properties of P(VDF-co-TrFE) films, which is a key issue for the design of advanced electroactive organic devices.

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引用次数: 0

Optimization of Cu doping in BNNF: A new strategy to enhance the flame retardancy, mechanical properties and smoke toxicity suppression of epoxy resin

IF 4.1 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128312

Yumeng Cui, Yunhong Jiao, Yuying Yang, Qiuting Lu, Quan Li, Jing Zhang, Hongqiang Qu, Jianzhong Xu

Boron nitride nanofibres (Cu@BNNF) flame retardants different copper doping was successfully synthesized by calcination. It was then applied to epoxy resin (EP), where uniform dispersion of Cu could be achieved by BN loading, and good flame retardant, mechanical and smoke toxicity inhibition properties were achieved at a low addition amount. Dense residual char was obtained from EP/0.6 Cu–BNNF (4 phr) composites, which could decrease the PHRR and PSPR by 63.45 % and 43.75 %, respectively, indicating that EP/Cu–BNNF composites have excellent fire protection properties. DSC analysis results showed that BNNF and Cu had a synergistic effect on the thermo-mechanical properties of EP composites, and the appropriate amount of Cu played a catalytic role in the cross-linking of EP. Thermogravimetric infrared (TG-FTIR) results showed that by controlling the doping amount of Cu, the generation of gas-phase hazardous products such as CO, aromatic compounds and flammable small molecule alkenes was significantly reduced, and the flame-retardant and smoke-eliminating properties of EP were improved. The analysis of the residual char after combustion shows that the incorporation of Cu–BNNF improves the densification. Based on the analysis of the gaseous and condensed phases to illustrate how BNNF and Cu play a role in burning EP nanocomposites.

通过煅烧成功合成了掺杂不同铜的氮化硼纳米纤维（Cu@BNNF）阻燃剂。将其应用于环氧树脂（EP）中，通过添加 BN 实现了铜的均匀分散，并在较低的添加量下获得了良好的阻燃、机械和烟毒抑制性能。EP/0.6 Cu-BNNF (4 phr) 复合材料得到了致密的残炭，使 PHRR 和 PSPR 分别降低了 63.45% 和 43.75%，表明 EP/Cu-BNNF 复合材料具有优异的防火性能。DSC 分析结果表明，BNNF 和 Cu 对 EP 复合材料的热机械性能有协同作用，适量的 Cu 对 EP 的交联起催化作用。热重红外（TG-FTIR）结果表明，通过控制 Cu 的掺杂量，可显著减少 CO、芳香族化合物和易燃小分子烯烃等气相有害产物的生成，提高 EP 的阻燃性和消烟性能。对燃烧后残炭的分析表明，Cu-BNNF 的加入提高了致密性。根据对气相和凝结相的分析，说明了 BNNF 和 Cu 在燃烧 EP 纳米复合材料中的作用。

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引用次数: 0

Smart upconversion nanocapsules: Harnessing photodegradation and glutathione responsiveness of polymers for controlled release of Payloads 智能上转换纳米胶囊：利用聚合物的光降解和谷胱甘肽响应性控制有效载荷的释放

IF 4.1 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128314

Xiaotao Wang , Chuan Xu , Yonggui Liao , Ruilin Wang , Zhihao Bi , Wing-Cheung Law , Chak-Yin Tang

Responsive drug transportation, release efficiency, and low toxicity of drug delivery are important factors in the controlled release area. The conventional drug release system is hard to balance all the factors in a complex environment. In this study, we present a novel approach for synthesizing rare earth upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) based nanocapsules with core-shell structures, capable of emitting visible light and ultraviolet (UV) light for photodegradation under irradiation with 980 nm near-infrared (NIR) light. The hydrophilicity of the UCNPs was significantly enhanced using the hydrochloric acid pickling method. We employed a sol-gel technique with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and bis[γ-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]-tetrasulfide (BTES) as mixed organosilicon sources to directly coat the UCNPs, forming UCNP@(s-s)mSiO2 nanocapsules. The degradation of these nanocapsules by glutathione (GSH) was systematically studied using the molybdosilicic blue method. Doxorubicin (DOX) was subsequently loaded into the nanocapsules, achieving a drug loading efficiency of 5.12 %. To prevent premature drug release, a polyethylene glycol (PEG) layer was coated onto the nanoparticle surface via modification and click chemistry, resulting in composite drug-loaded nanocapsules with dual responsiveness to light and GSH. Under neutral conditions, the nanocapsules exhibited minimal drug leakage. Upon NIR light stimulation, 1-(5-methoxy-2-nitro-4-prop-2-ynyloxy-phenyl)ethyl-N-succinimidyl carbonate (MNPSC) underwent photolysis, causing the PEG layer to detach and trigger drug release. In a simulated high concentration of intratumoral glutathione environment, the mesoporous organosilica degraded, further facilitating the drug release. The ultimate drug release rate reached an impressive 92 %. This smart dual-responsive nanocapsule system offers a promising strategy for controlled drug delivery, combining the advantages of NIR-triggered release and GSH-responsive degradation for enhanced therapeutic efficacy.

药物运输反应灵敏、释放效率高、给药毒性低是控释领域的重要因素。传统的药物释放系统很难在复杂的环境中平衡所有因素。在本研究中，我们提出了一种合成基于稀土上转换纳米粒子（UCNPs）的核壳结构纳米胶囊的新方法，这种纳米胶囊在 980 纳米近红外（NIR）光照射下能发射可见光和紫外线（UV）进行光降解。盐酸酸洗法显著增强了 UCNPs 的亲水性。我们采用溶胶-凝胶技术，以四乙氧基硅烷（TEOS）和双[γ-(三乙氧基硅)丙基]-四硫化物（BTES）作为混合有机硅源，直接包覆 UCNPs，形成 UCNP@(s-s)mSiO2 纳米胶囊。利用钼硅蓝法系统研究了谷胱甘肽（GSH）对这些纳米胶囊的降解作用。随后将多柔比星（DOX）装入纳米胶囊，药物装载效率达到 5.12%。为防止药物过早释放，通过改性和点击化学在纳米粒子表面包覆了一层聚乙二醇（PEG），从而得到了对光和 GSH 具有双重响应性的复合载药纳米胶囊。在中性条件下，纳米胶囊的药物渗漏极少。在近红外光刺激下，1-(5-甲氧基-2-硝基-4-丙-2-炔氧基-苯基)乙基-N-琥珀酰亚胺基碳酸酯（MNPSC）发生光解，导致 PEG 层脱落并引发药物释放。在模拟的高浓度瘤内谷胱甘肽环境中，介孔有机硅发生降解，进一步促进了药物的释放。最终的药物释放率达到了令人印象深刻的 92%。这种智能双响应纳米胶囊系统结合了近红外触发释放和谷胱甘肽响应降解的优势，为可控给药提供了一种前景广阔的策略，从而提高了疗效。

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引用次数: 0

F-POSS nanofillers modified PVDF foam with excellent mechanical and thermal insulation properties

IF 4.1 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-03-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128316

Hui Ma , Ruijing Meng , Haohao Hou , Hongfu Zhou , Xiangdong Wang , Yafeng Deng

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) foam, known for its low density, high strength, and inherent flame retardancy, has demonstrated significant advantages in various applications. Fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (F-POSS), recognized as an ideal nanofiller, contributes to the manufacture of lightweight, high-performance PVDF insulating foam. PVDF/F-POSS composite foams were successfully prepared in this work, employing melt blending and supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) autoclave foaming techniques that exhibited excellent mechanical performance and thermal insulation capabilities. Crystallization behavior research findings indicated that F-POSS increased the crystallinity of PVDF, functioning as a crystallization nucleating agent. Concurrently, the use of scCO₂ foaming technology promoted phase transitions, increasing the content of β-phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that F-POSS could also serve as a cell nucleating agent, which increased cell density and formed a more uniform cell structure. At 1 wt% of F-POSS, the foams demonstrated excellent compressive mechanical properties, which compressive specific modulus and compressive specific strength increased by 76.9 % and 197.5 %, respectively. In addition, the composite foams exhibited an outstanding low thermal conductivity value of 0.0305 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹. This study provides a simple, efficient and green way for preparing thermal insulation foams consisting of fluorinated polymers and fluorinated nanofillers.

聚偏二氟乙烯（PVDF）泡沫因其低密度、高强度和固有的阻燃性而闻名，在各种应用中具有显著优势。氟化多面体低聚硅倍半氧烷（F-POSS）被认为是一种理想的纳米填料，有助于制造轻质、高性能的 PVDF 绝缘泡沫。本研究采用熔融混合和超临界二氧化碳（scCO2）高压釜发泡技术成功制备了 PVDF/F-POSS 复合泡沫，这些泡沫具有优异的机械性能和隔热性能。结晶行为研究结果表明，F-POSS 增加了 PVDF 的结晶度，起到了结晶成核剂的作用。同时，scCO2 发泡技术的使用促进了相变，增加了 β 相的含量。扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察发现，F-POSS 还可作为细胞成核剂，增加细胞密度，形成更均匀的细胞结构。在 F-POSS 含量为 1 wt% 时，泡沫表现出优异的压缩机械性能，压缩比模量和压缩比强度分别提高了 76.9% 和 197.5%。此外，复合泡沫还具有 0.0305 W m-1 K-1 的出色低导热值。这项研究为制备由含氟聚合物和含氟纳米填料组成的隔热泡沫提供了一种简单、高效和绿色的方法。

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引用次数: 0

A novel in-situ crosslinking wet spinning method for promoting the strength of CNC/alginate fiber

IF 4.1 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128313

Xuerong Bi , Jiawei Li , Jiansheng Guo , Chongwen Yu

Improving the uniformity of phase separation in wet spinning is crucial for enhancing fiber properties. Different from traditional wet spinning methods, in this approach, the calcium source is homogeneously dispersed in the alginate spinning solution as nano-calcium carbonate. The release of calcium ions and in-situ crosslinking are regulated by adjusting the pH of the coagulation bath, thereby enhancing crosslinking uniformity. Morphology and distribution of calcium ions analysis revealed that the radial structure of the in-situ crosslinking spinning fibers is denser and more uniform, with a higher calcium ion concentration indicating a stronger degree of crosslinking. Tensile tests demonstrated that the fracture strength of in-situ crosslinking spun fibers without drawing is twice than that of traditional wet spinning fibers. This method offers a novel approach for the fabrication of wet-spun fibers with a uniform radial structure and high strength.

引用次数: 0

Investigating the synergism and partial replacement of carbon black by cellulose nanofibers in natural rubber-based tyre tread composites

IF 4.1 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128302

Milanta Tom , Tapas Ranjan Mohanty , Sabu Thomas , Bastien Seantier , Yves Grohens , Ramakrishnan S. , Mohamed P.K.

Alleviating the carbon footprint by utilizing bio-based fillers to develop sustainable tyre tread composites is a promising and innovative approach. Our research presents sustainable nanocomposites that utilize cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as reinforcing filler for natural rubber (NR) based truck, bus and radial tyre (TBR) tread composites. The choice of cellulose nanofibers, with their renewable nature, biodegradability, lightweight, and superior mechanical properties, to partially replace carbon black (CB) in different ratios underscores the innovative nature of our approach. Although there are a few studies focused on replacing CB with nanocellulose, a comprehensive study is necessary to optimize the loading of CB and CNF by varying the replacement ratios, thereby fully harnessing the potential of CNF. We have explored the synergism between CB and CNF and optimized CB content in the hybrid nanocomposite, demonstrating a reduction in the amount of CB in tyre tread composites. The performance of the hybrid nanocomposite is shown to be highly dependent on CNF and its concentration, as evidenced by morphological, static and dynamic mechanical properties. The increase in tensile strength and modulus (an increase of 413 % at 100 % elongation) after partially replacing CB by CNF of half the concentration of replaced CB indicates good synergism and better reinforcing ability of CNF. The remarkable decrease in rolling resistance (34 %) and the improvement in wet grip properties after partially replacing CB with CNF is quite promising for tyre tread applications to replace CB with CNF at higher ratios. The lower surface roughness values observed for 2.5 phr CNF-loaded hybrid nanocomposite from AFM analysis indicated better CNF dispersion at lower loadings. The development of these nanocellulose-based tyre tread composites not only offers a sustainable solution but also imparts bioeconomy concepts to tyre industries, reducing their dependence on non-renewable petroleum-based products and opening up new circular economic opportunities.

{"title":"Investigating the synergism and partial replacement of carbon black by cellulose nanofibers in natural rubber-based tyre tread composites","authors":"Milanta Tom , Tapas Ranjan Mohanty , Sabu Thomas , Bastien Seantier , Yves Grohens , Ramakrishnan S. , Mohamed P.K.","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128302","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128302","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alleviating the carbon footprint by utilizing bio-based fillers to develop sustainable tyre tread composites is a promising and innovative approach. Our research presents sustainable nanocomposites that utilize cellulose nanofiber (CNF) as reinforcing filler for natural rubber (NR) based truck, bus and radial tyre (TBR) tread composites. The choice of cellulose nanofibers, with their renewable nature, biodegradability, lightweight, and superior mechanical properties, to partially replace carbon black (CB) in different ratios underscores the innovative nature of our approach. Although there are a few studies focused on replacing CB with nanocellulose, a comprehensive study is necessary to optimize the loading of CB and CNF by varying the replacement ratios, thereby fully harnessing the potential of CNF. We have explored the synergism between CB and CNF and optimized CB content in the hybrid nanocomposite, demonstrating a reduction in the amount of CB in tyre tread composites. The performance of the hybrid nanocomposite is shown to be highly dependent on CNF and its concentration, as evidenced by morphological, static and dynamic mechanical properties. The increase in tensile strength and modulus (an increase of 413 % at 100 % elongation) after partially replacing CB by CNF of half the concentration of replaced CB indicates good synergism and better reinforcing ability of CNF. The remarkable decrease in rolling resistance (34 %) and the improvement in wet grip properties after partially replacing CB with CNF is quite promising for tyre tread applications to replace CB with CNF at higher ratios. The lower surface roughness values observed for 2.5 phr CNF-loaded hybrid nanocomposite from AFM analysis indicated better CNF dispersion at lower loadings. The development of these nanocellulose-based tyre tread composites not only offers a sustainable solution but also imparts bioeconomy concepts to tyre industries, reducing their dependence on non-renewable petroleum-based products and opening up new circular economic opportunities.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 128302"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Synthesis of bio-based tetrafunctional benzoxazines derived from furfurylamine: excellent heat resistance and flame retardant properties

IF 4.6 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128306

Zhicheng Wang, Qiufei Chen, Tao Liu, Xudong Wang, Athar Ali Khan Gorar, Wen-bin Liu, Jun Wang, Jun-yi Wang

Tetrafuran tetramine (TFTA) was synthesized from biomass feedstock furfurylamine, and two bio-based tetrafunctional benzoxazines (BZ-satfta and BZ-mosatfta) were subsequently prepared in a three-step process with salicylaldehyde and 4-methoxysalicylaldehyde, respectively, by Mannich condensation reaction. The chemical structure was characterized with fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which showed the successful preparation of tetrafunctional benzoxazines containing a furan ring. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests and cure kinetics studies revealed that BZ-mosatfta has higher curing temperatures (234 °C) and apparent activation energies (E_k: 109.10 kJ/mol and E_o: 111.53 kJ/mol) compared to BZ-satfta due to the electron-donating effect of methoxyl. Meanwhile, the thermal properties were analyzed by the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), which indicated that poly(BZ-satfta) had more excellent thermal properties and thermal stability, with glass transition temperatures (T_g) and residual carbon rates (Y_c) as high as 376 °C and 58.6%. In addition, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) tests demonstrate the outstanding flame retardant properties of both materials, which meets the standard for non-flammable materials. Furthermore, it can be extinguished within 0.5 s in the UL-94 vertical burning test. At the same time, both resins have good mechanical properties, with poly(BZ-satfta) having a flexural strength of 80 MPa. Both resins could be applied as resin matrices for high-performance heat-resistant and flame-retardant composites.

{"title":"Synthesis of bio-based tetrafunctional benzoxazines derived from furfurylamine: excellent heat resistance and flame retardant properties","authors":"Zhicheng Wang, Qiufei Chen, Tao Liu, Xudong Wang, Athar Ali Khan Gorar, Wen-bin Liu, Jun Wang, Jun-yi Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128306","url":null,"abstract":"Tetrafuran tetramine (TFTA) was synthesized from biomass feedstock furfurylamine, and two bio-based tetrafunctional benzoxazines (BZ-satfta and BZ-mosatfta) were subsequently prepared in a three-step process with salicylaldehyde and 4-methoxysalicylaldehyde, respectively, by Mannich condensation reaction. The chemical structure was characterized with fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which showed the successful preparation of tetrafunctional benzoxazines containing a furan ring. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests and cure kinetics studies revealed that BZ-mosatfta has higher curing temperatures (234 °C) and apparent activation energies (<em>E</em><sub>k</sub>: 109.10 kJ/mol and <em>E</em><sub>o</sub>: 111.53 kJ/mol) compared to BZ-satfta due to the electron-donating effect of methoxyl. Meanwhile, the thermal properties were analyzed by the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), which indicated that poly(BZ-satfta) had more excellent thermal properties and thermal stability, with glass transition temperatures (<em>T</em><sub>g</sub>) and residual carbon rates (<em>Y</em><sub>c</sub>) as high as 376 °C and 58.6%. In addition, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) tests demonstrate the outstanding flame retardant properties of both materials, which meets the standard for non-flammable materials. Furthermore, it can be extinguished within 0.5 s in the UL-94 vertical burning test. At the same time, both resins have good mechanical properties, with poly(BZ-satfta) having a flexural strength of 80 MPa. Both resins could be applied as resin matrices for high-performance heat-resistant and flame-retardant composites.","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143672451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quantifying molecular orientation in Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers by polarized Raman spectroscopy

IF 4.1 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128310

Haojun Sun , Tianyu Jia , Yeye Qian , Quan Chen , Yongfeng Men , Zhaohui Su

Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) forms high-performance fibers, and the molecular orientation in the fibers are crucial to their mechanical properties. Here we report a method for quantitative analysis of the molecular orientation in individual PPTA fibers by polarized Raman spectroscopy. Four parallel- and cross-polarized spectra are acquired in a backscattering geometry for each fiber on a confocal Raman spectrometer fitted with a 785 nm laser. The intensity of the aromatic C–C stretching band of the benzene rings at ∼1610 cm⁻¹ is utilized to quantify the molecular orientation in the fiber. The results thus obtained are in good agreement with the crystal orientation in these fibers revealed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, especially for the ones of low or high degree of orientation. This method is then applied to monitor the orientation development of PPTA fibers in a post-treatment process of thermal stretching, which reveals that the degree of orientation decreases upon heating at a high temperature, and is enhanced significantly after an external stress is applied.

{"title":"Quantifying molecular orientation in Poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) fibers by polarized Raman spectroscopy","authors":"Haojun Sun , Tianyu Jia , Yeye Qian , Quan Chen , Yongfeng Men , Zhaohui Su","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128310","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128310","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Poly(<em>p</em>-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) forms high-performance fibers, and the molecular orientation in the fibers are crucial to their mechanical properties. Here we report a method for quantitative analysis of the molecular orientation in individual PPTA fibers by polarized Raman spectroscopy. Four parallel- and cross-polarized spectra are acquired in a backscattering geometry for each fiber on a confocal Raman spectrometer fitted with a 785 nm laser. The intensity of the aromatic C–C stretching band of the benzene rings at ∼1610 cm<sup>−1</sup> is utilized to quantify the molecular orientation in the fiber. The results thus obtained are in good agreement with the crystal orientation in these fibers revealed by wide-angle X-ray diffraction, especially for the ones of low or high degree of orientation. This method is then applied to monitor the orientation development of PPTA fibers in a post-treatment process of thermal stretching, which reveals that the degree of orientation decreases upon heating at a high temperature, and is enhanced significantly after an external stress is applied.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 128310"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Multiscale molecular simulations of grafted materials

IF 4.1 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128269

Gianmarco Munaò , Cosimo Brondi , Antonio Baldanza , Antonio De Nicola , Riccardo Chiarcos , Michele Laus , Michele Perego , Giuseppe Scherillo , Giuseppe Mensitieri , Giuseppe Milano

An overview of recent applications of hybrid particle-field Molecular Dynamics (hPF-MD) to grafted materials is presented. For such an aim, two classes of materials are considered: polymer nanocomposites and polymer brushes. In the first case, the hybrid approach demonstrates its efficiency to properly relax polymer chains even of high molecular weight. Also, results highlight the role played by configurational entropy of polymer chains in determining the effective (two-body and three-body) nanoparticle–nanoparticle interaction in the melt. A similar role emerges also in the investigation of polymer brushes, where hPF-MD simulations clarify the mechanisms underlying the “grafting to” process, pointing towards a partition by molecular weight of polymer chains. This effect, which causes the segregation of the chains with lower molecular weight in proximity of the substrate surface, is purely entropic and it is originated by the stretching of polymer chains during the grafting to reaction. This picture is also confirmed by a very recent combination of self-consistent field theory with the lattice-based reactive Monte Carlo method which allows to predict for the first time the final composition of the chains grafted on the surfaces.

{"title":"Multiscale molecular simulations of grafted materials","authors":"Gianmarco Munaò , Cosimo Brondi , Antonio Baldanza , Antonio De Nicola , Riccardo Chiarcos , Michele Laus , Michele Perego , Giuseppe Scherillo , Giuseppe Mensitieri , Giuseppe Milano","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128269","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128269","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>An overview of recent applications of hybrid particle-field Molecular Dynamics (hPF-MD) to grafted materials is presented. For such an aim, two classes of materials are considered: polymer nanocomposites and polymer brushes. In the first case, the hybrid approach demonstrates its efficiency to properly relax polymer chains even of high molecular weight. Also, results highlight the role played by configurational entropy of polymer chains in determining the effective (two-body and three-body) nanoparticle–nanoparticle interaction in the melt. A similar role emerges also in the investigation of polymer brushes, where hPF-MD simulations clarify the mechanisms underlying the “grafting to” process, pointing towards a partition by molecular weight of polymer chains. This effect, which causes the segregation of the chains with lower molecular weight in proximity of the substrate surface, is purely entropic and it is originated by the stretching of polymer chains during the grafting to reaction. This picture is also confirmed by a very recent combination of self-consistent field theory with the lattice-based reactive Monte Carlo method which allows to predict for the first time the final composition of the chains grafted on the surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 128269"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anomalous phenomena in explosive percolation of polymer/metal nanocomposite films

IF 4.1 2区化学 Q2 POLYMER SCIENCE

Polymer

Pub Date : 2025-03-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128303

Qais M. Al-Bataineh , Ahmad D. Telfah , Ihsan Aljarrah , Ahmad A. Ahmad , Carlos J. Tavares , Johannes Etzkorn , Yves Rosefort

This study examines the electrical conductivity of polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanocomposite films with varying aluminum nanoparticle (AlNP) volume fractions. A sharp increase in the electrical conductivity occurs at the percolation threshold, reaching 219 S cm⁻¹, followed by a plateau at higher AlNP concentrations, indicating the formation of stable conductive pathways. Upon UV irradiation, the electrical conductivity increases to 1770 S cm⁻¹, suggesting the significant influence of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects. The conductivity behavior is quantitatively characterized through mathematical modeling, highlighting the volume fraction dependence of the nanocomposite's electrical properties. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy demonstrate the distribution and morphology of AlNPs, showing their dispersion at lower concentrations and agglomeration at higher concentrations. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identifies the chemical interactions between PEO and AlNPs, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrates the AlNP-induced disruption of PEO crystallinity. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of the nanocomposite's electrical behavior, offering valuable guidance for the design and optimization of materials for electronics and optoelectronics applications.

{"title":"Anomalous phenomena in explosive percolation of polymer/metal nanocomposite films","authors":"Qais M. Al-Bataineh , Ahmad D. Telfah , Ihsan Aljarrah , Ahmad A. Ahmad , Carlos J. Tavares , Johannes Etzkorn , Yves Rosefort","doi":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128303","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.polymer.2025.128303","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the electrical conductivity of polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanocomposite films with varying aluminum nanoparticle (AlNP) volume fractions. A sharp increase in the electrical conductivity occurs at the percolation threshold, reaching 219 S cm<sup>−1</sup>, followed by a plateau at higher AlNP concentrations, indicating the formation of stable conductive pathways. Upon UV irradiation, the electrical conductivity increases to 1770 S cm<sup>−1</sup>, suggesting the significant influence of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effects. The conductivity behavior is quantitatively characterized through mathematical modeling, highlighting the volume fraction dependence of the nanocomposite's electrical properties. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy demonstrate the distribution and morphology of AlNPs, showing their dispersion at lower concentrations and agglomeration at higher concentrations. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy identifies the chemical interactions between PEO and AlNPs, while X-ray diffraction (XRD) demonstrates the AlNP-induced disruption of PEO crystallinity. These insights provide a comprehensive understanding of the nanocomposite's electrical behavior, offering valuable guidance for the design and optimization of materials for electronics and optoelectronics applications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":405,"journal":{"name":"Polymer","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 128303"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143666034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"化学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0