The French Revolution was the occasion for the reformulation of the definitions of basic concepts as liberte , egalite , fraternite , nation , patrie , etc. At the same time a lexical creativity, a large quantity of words appeared, some of them total news or with new significations, temporary or persistants ( aristocruche , humanicide , enrages , loyaume , etc.). This paper examines aspects of lexical and semantic developments in Greek language focussing on the era of the French Revolution. This important period was characterized by intensified contacts with Western Europe. In this process, Greek intellectuals expressed an open admiration of the new French model of the nation in their political works and attempted to form a new political language. Most of the modern notions were introduced from the French language, which in his turn had acquired a large amount of greek-latin loan words. The intercultural dimension provide the tools for analysing the ways in which the new terms and concepts were transfered to the greek vocabulary. These processes are examined as reflected in the Hellenic Nomarchy (Italy 1806), a crucial text of the period.
{"title":"Loyaume and Νomarchie: Κeywords of the French revolution in the Greek vocabulary","authors":"A. Sfoini","doi":"10.12681/HR.319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/HR.319","url":null,"abstract":"The French Revolution was the occasion for the reformulation of the definitions of basic concepts as liberte , egalite , fraternite , nation , patrie , etc. At the same time a lexical creativity, a large quantity of words appeared, some of them total news or with new significations, temporary or persistants ( aristocruche , humanicide , enrages , loyaume , etc.). This paper examines aspects of lexical and semantic developments in Greek language focussing on the era of the French Revolution. This important period was characterized by intensified contacts with Western Europe. In this process, Greek intellectuals expressed an open admiration of the new French model of the nation in their political works and attempted to form a new political language. Most of the modern notions were introduced from the French language, which in his turn had acquired a large amount of greek-latin loan words. The intercultural dimension provide the tools for analysing the ways in which the new terms and concepts were transfered to the greek vocabulary. These processes are examined as reflected in the Hellenic Nomarchy (Italy 1806), a crucial text of the period.","PeriodicalId":40645,"journal":{"name":"Historical Review-La Revue Historique","volume":"1 1","pages":"127-138"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78767660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say that studies on the Philiki Etaireia (1814-1821), a field of historical research that has evolved in a rather marginal, if not erratic way, are lately at a standstill; at the same time, however, the Age of Revolution – and, more to the point, the until recently understudied post-Napoleonic decades – is the object of a remarkable renewal of interest among historians internationally. This essay tries to place the life and deeds of the Philiki Etaireia once more on the agenda of social and political history of the period, not only of the Balkans and the Ottoman Empire, but also of post-Napoleonic Europe, by revisiting the case of this (much acclaimed in the Greek national narrative) secret society and bringing forward possible new contexts for better understanding its emergence and development.
{"title":"The Philiki Etaireia Revisited: In Search of Contexts, National and International","authors":"Nassia Yakovaki","doi":"10.12681/HR.334","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/HR.334","url":null,"abstract":"It is perhaps not an exaggeration to say that studies on the Philiki Etaireia (1814-1821), a field of historical research that has evolved in a rather marginal, if not erratic way, are lately at a standstill; at the same time, however, the Age of Revolution – and, more to the point, the until recently understudied post-Napoleonic decades – is the object of a remarkable renewal of interest among historians internationally. This essay tries to place the life and deeds of the Philiki Etaireia once more on the agenda of social and political history of the period, not only of the Balkans and the Ottoman Empire, but also of post-Napoleonic Europe, by revisiting the case of this (much acclaimed in the Greek national narrative) secret society and bringing forward possible new contexts for better understanding its emergence and development.","PeriodicalId":40645,"journal":{"name":"Historical Review-La Revue Historique","volume":"27 1","pages":"171-187"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81596628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gelina Harlaftis and Katerina Papakonstantinou (eds), Ναυτιλία των Ελλήνων, 1700-1821. Ο αιώνας της ακμής πριν από την Επανάσταση [Greek shipping, 1700-1821: The heyday before the Greek Revolution]","authors":"Marianthi Chatziioannou","doi":"10.12681/HR.336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/HR.336","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40645,"journal":{"name":"Historical Review-La Revue Historique","volume":"13 1","pages":"193-196"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82352279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Alessia Zambon, Aux origines de l’archéologie en Grèce: Fauvel et sa méthode","authors":"Irini Apostolou","doi":"10.12681/HR.337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/HR.337","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40645,"journal":{"name":"Historical Review-La Revue Historique","volume":"25 1","pages":"197-200"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75160751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article suggests that there is no hard evidence supporting the conspiracy theory that Georgios Papadopoulos’ dictatorial regime was overthrown by the United States in 1973, because the Greek junta leader refused to assist their supply effort in support of Israel during the Yom Kippur War.
{"title":"Greek–American relations in the Yom Kippur War concurrence","authors":"Leonidas Kallivretakis","doi":"10.12681/HR.327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/HR.327","url":null,"abstract":"This article suggests that there is no hard evidence supporting the conspiracy theory that Georgios Papadopoulos’ dictatorial regime was overthrown by the United States in 1973, because the Greek junta leader refused to assist their supply effort in support of Israel during the Yom Kippur War.","PeriodicalId":40645,"journal":{"name":"Historical Review-La Revue Historique","volume":"10 1","pages":"105-126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78203094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The focus of this article is an analysis of the Greek junta’s relations with the Wilson and Heath governments in the United Kingdom from 1967 to 1974. Emphasis is placed on diplomatic relations between the two traditional allies. The reactions of the military leaders of the regime in Athens and its representatives in Britain to policies pursued by London towards the establishment, consolidation and eventual demise of the colonels’ dictatorship are presented through the examination (for the first time) of official documents from both the UK and Greece. It is argued that the Greek military regime struggled to cultivate relations with Britain primarily for reasons of domestic and international prestige. Whereas Whitehall pursued a policy of “good working relations” with the junta in order to promote British interests vis-a-vis NATO, Cyprus and trade, the leadership in Athens was solely interested in using British support to gain legitimacy internationally and domestically.
{"title":"\"A gift from God\": Anglo-Greek relations during the dictatorship of the Greek colonels","authors":"Alexandros Nafpliotis","doi":"10.12681/HR.329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/HR.329","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this article is an analysis of the Greek junta’s relations with the Wilson and Heath governments in the United Kingdom from 1967 to 1974. Emphasis is placed on diplomatic relations between the two traditional allies. The reactions of the military leaders of the regime in Athens and its representatives in Britain to policies pursued by London towards the establishment, consolidation and eventual demise of the colonels’ dictatorship are presented through the examination (for the first time) of official documents from both the UK and Greece. It is argued that the Greek military regime struggled to cultivate relations with Britain primarily for reasons of domestic and international prestige. Whereas Whitehall pursued a policy of “good working relations” with the junta in order to promote British interests vis-a-vis NATO, Cyprus and trade, the leadership in Athens was solely interested in using British support to gain legitimacy internationally and domestically.","PeriodicalId":40645,"journal":{"name":"Historical Review-La Revue Historique","volume":"184 1","pages":"67-104"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83555170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"W. Gregory Monahan, Let God Arise: The War and Rebellion of the Camisards","authors":"Lionel Laborie","doi":"10.12681/HR.335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/HR.335","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40645,"journal":{"name":"Historical Review-La Revue Historique","volume":"108 1","pages":"189-192"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79333078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tess Hofmann, Matthias Bjørnlund, Vasileios Meichanetsidis (eds), The Genocide of the Ottoman Greeks: Studies on the State-sponsored Campaign of Extermination of the Christians of Asia Minor (1912-1922) and its Aftermath: History, Law, Memory","authors":"Alexander Kitroeff","doi":"10.12681/HR.338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/HR.338","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40645,"journal":{"name":"Historical Review-La Revue Historique","volume":"138 1","pages":"201-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75008128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article highlights the port-city space of Odessa during the first three decades of its foundation as an important hub of commercial activity, maritime trade and political liberalism in southern Russia. It emphasizes the role of multiple markets based on imported and local trade goods and describes the different ethnicities involved in foreign trade, focusing on merchants of Greek origin, their participation in the Philiki Etaireia and their degree of involvement in its organizational mechanisms. I attempt to read the Philiki Etaireia’s development and its influence on the Eastern Question and Russian-Ottoman relations in light of the general political fermentation that was taking part in the Russian Empire, mainly through the creation of secret societies within the Russian army. I believe that the Russian authorities, being involved in the general mobility and movement of ideas, influenced by the Western experiences of the Russian military, had to deal primarily with major political issues that left aside, at least at a regional level, movements of the same character that concerned the Greeks. In this positive political climate the “commercial outlook” of the Greek revolutionaries gave them the necessary coverage to act and move relatively freely.
{"title":"Preparing the Greek Revolution in Odessa in the 1820s: Tastes, Markets and Political Liberalism","authors":"Evrydiki Sifneos","doi":"10.12681/HR.333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/HR.333","url":null,"abstract":"The article highlights the port-city space of Odessa during the first three decades of its foundation as an important hub of commercial activity, maritime trade and political liberalism in southern Russia. It emphasizes the role of multiple markets based on imported and local trade goods and describes the different ethnicities involved in foreign trade, focusing on merchants of Greek origin, their participation in the Philiki Etaireia and their degree of involvement in its organizational mechanisms. I attempt to read the Philiki Etaireia’s development and its influence on the Eastern Question and Russian-Ottoman relations in light of the general political fermentation that was taking part in the Russian Empire, mainly through the creation of secret societies within the Russian army. I believe that the Russian authorities, being involved in the general mobility and movement of ideas, influenced by the Western experiences of the Russian military, had to deal primarily with major political issues that left aside, at least at a regional level, movements of the same character that concerned the Greeks. In this positive political climate the “commercial outlook” of the Greek revolutionaries gave them the necessary coverage to act and move relatively freely.","PeriodicalId":40645,"journal":{"name":"Historical Review-La Revue Historique","volume":"18 1","pages":"139-170"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87197288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The construction of watchtowers on the islands of the Aegean Archipelago was common practice for Western peoples in the context of a systematic effort to provide military protection for agricultural areas and the populations of their rich commercial colonies. After the weakening of these colonies and the arrival of the Ottomans, the watchtowers, known as viglae, continued to operate, as they were closely associated with the socio-economic, everyday life of the region’s residents. Using the case study of the community of 21 mastic-gathering villages (Mastihohoria) of south Chios, this article aims to: a) investigate the main and secondary objectives of the Ottoman administration in maintaining the operation of the viglae; b) study the system of operation of the viglae during the period of Ottoman rule; and c) explore the maintenance of viglae during this era. This article is based on qualitative research, as it studies documents found primarily in archival material, such as notarial acts, communal decisions, and correspondence between members of the Ottoman administration and community representatives, as well as other historical, travel and geographical resources
{"title":"Watchtowers, Mastic Contraband and Rural Communities in the Aegean Archipelago under Ottoman Sovereignty","authors":"D. Ierapetritis","doi":"10.12681/HR.312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12681/HR.312","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of watchtowers on the islands of the Aegean Archipelago was common practice for Western peoples in the context of a systematic effort to provide military protection for agricultural areas and the populations of their rich commercial colonies. After the weakening of these colonies and the arrival of the Ottomans, the watchtowers, known as viglae, continued to operate, as they were closely associated with the socio-economic, everyday life of the region’s residents. Using the case study of the community of 21 mastic-gathering villages (Mastihohoria) of south Chios, this article aims to: a) investigate the main and secondary objectives of the Ottoman administration in maintaining the operation of the viglae; b) study the system of operation of the viglae during the period of Ottoman rule; and c) explore the maintenance of viglae during this era. This article is based on qualitative research, as it studies documents found primarily in archival material, such as notarial acts, communal decisions, and correspondence between members of the Ottoman administration and community representatives, as well as other historical, travel and geographical resources","PeriodicalId":40645,"journal":{"name":"Historical Review-La Revue Historique","volume":"92 1","pages":"219-254"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2013-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80356381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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