Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745520
Y. Chesnokov, A. Holden, H. Zhang
The idea of this research is to determine how long in advance can we predict the onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) from the HRV data. Having established such methods with great confidence it is possible to avert the PAF onset using pacing techniques, thus reliving patient pains.
{"title":"Distant prediction of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using HRV data analysis","authors":"Y. Chesnokov, A. Holden, H. Zhang","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745520","url":null,"abstract":"The idea of this research is to determine how long in advance can we predict the onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) from the HRV data. Having established such methods with great confidence it is possible to avert the PAF onset using pacing techniques, thus reliving patient pains.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114642361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745606
B. Gunderson, A.S. Patel, M.L. Brown, C. Swerdlow
Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICD) detect ventricular tachycardia /fibrillation (VT/VF) using atrial (A) and ventricular (V) electrograms (EGMs). ICD algorithms discriminate VT/VF from supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs), but misclassify some SVTs as VT/VF. Clinicians review detected episodes to identify true SVT episodes and guide appropriate clinical action. A post-processing, expert-system algorithm was developed to classify tachyarrhythmias detected and stored in ICD memory. The algorithm was designed to diagnose rhythms with V EGM and/or timing of A/ V events. Rhythms that did not fulfill the criteria were classified as Unknown. The algorithm was tested using a dataset of 469 episodes. The algorithm correctly classified 80% of the episodes with 99% accuracy. This accuracy may be sufficient that physician review may be required only for Unknown episodes.
{"title":"Development of a post-processing algorithm to classify rhythms detected as ventricular tachyarrhythmias by Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators","authors":"B. Gunderson, A.S. Patel, M.L. Brown, C. Swerdlow","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745606","url":null,"abstract":"Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators (ICD) detect ventricular tachycardia /fibrillation (VT/VF) using atrial (A) and ventricular (V) electrograms (EGMs). ICD algorithms discriminate VT/VF from supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs), but misclassify some SVTs as VT/VF. Clinicians review detected episodes to identify true SVT episodes and guide appropriate clinical action. A post-processing, expert-system algorithm was developed to classify tachyarrhythmias detected and stored in ICD memory. The algorithm was designed to diagnose rhythms with V EGM and/or timing of A/ V events. Rhythms that did not fulfill the criteria were classified as Unknown. The algorithm was tested using a dataset of 469 episodes. The algorithm correctly classified 80% of the episodes with 99% accuracy. This accuracy may be sufficient that physician review may be required only for Unknown episodes.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"81 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126275050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745599
J. Sapp, F. Dawoud, J. Clements, M. Gardner, M. Basta, R. Parkash, B. Horáček
We hypothesized that the calculation of epicardial potentials from body-surface potential maps (BSPMs) could aid ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT). BSPMs were recorded during epicardial catheter mapping and pacing in 2 patients. Single-beat epicardial maps were calculated by inverse solution using customized torso/cardiac geometry, discretized from a CT scan. During pacing from 48 epicardial sites, we observed stimulus-QRS delay (Stim-QRS) of 27 plusmn 7 ms and a difference between known pacing locations and calculated sites of earliest potential minima of 1.6 plusmn 1.4 cm. Pacing in scar and scar-border zones had longer Stim-QRS delay (51 plusmn 24 ms and 35 plusmn 23 ms, respectively, p=0.004), and greater distances between known pacing sites and known locations (3.0 plusmn 1.6 cm and 4.6 plusmn 2.0 cm, respectively, p=0.0004). BSPM with inverse solution mapping can identify sites of earliest epicardial activation and thus could have clinical utility.
{"title":"Inverse solution electrocardiographic mapping of epicardial pacing correlates with three-dimensional electroanatomic mapping","authors":"J. Sapp, F. Dawoud, J. Clements, M. Gardner, M. Basta, R. Parkash, B. Horáček","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745599","url":null,"abstract":"We hypothesized that the calculation of epicardial potentials from body-surface potential maps (BSPMs) could aid ablation of ventricular tachycardia (VT). BSPMs were recorded during epicardial catheter mapping and pacing in 2 patients. Single-beat epicardial maps were calculated by inverse solution using customized torso/cardiac geometry, discretized from a CT scan. During pacing from 48 epicardial sites, we observed stimulus-QRS delay (Stim-QRS) of 27 plusmn 7 ms and a difference between known pacing locations and calculated sites of earliest potential minima of 1.6 plusmn 1.4 cm. Pacing in scar and scar-border zones had longer Stim-QRS delay (51 plusmn 24 ms and 35 plusmn 23 ms, respectively, p=0.004), and greater distances between known pacing sites and known locations (3.0 plusmn 1.6 cm and 4.6 plusmn 2.0 cm, respectively, p=0.0004). BSPM with inverse solution mapping can identify sites of earliest epicardial activation and thus could have clinical utility.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128159529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745506
F. Gimeno-Blanes, J. Rojo-Alvarez, J. Requena-Carrión, E. Everss, J. Hernandez-Ortega, F. Alonso-Atienza, A. García-Alberola
Vasovagal Syncope (VVS) represents the most frequent cause of loss of consciousness. Additionally to its clinical usefulness, the tilt test is a good quality physiological gold standard for the spectral analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Noise removal in HRV signals is problematic, due to the presence of ectopic beats and non-stationary short-term trends. Given current Tilt Test systems simultaneously record several physiological signals, we hypothesize that independent component analysis (ICA) may separate physiological from mostly-noise components, and denoising can be properly done. Four-dimensional recordings (HR, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and ejection volume) were obtained during 50 Tilt Test. After ICA decomposition, a 5th order median filter was applied to the noisiest component, prior to signal reconstruction. In order to check the denoising performance, a gold-standard was made by manually removing ectopic beats and artifacts from the original signals by an expert. For comparison purposes, a 5th order median filter was also applied separately to the HR signal. The spectrum analysis showed that denoising of multidimensional recordings with ICA during Tilt Test yields HRV signals with lower distortion at HF band.
{"title":"Denoising of Heart Rate Variability signals during tilt test using independent component analysis and multidimensional recordings","authors":"F. Gimeno-Blanes, J. Rojo-Alvarez, J. Requena-Carrión, E. Everss, J. Hernandez-Ortega, F. Alonso-Atienza, A. García-Alberola","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745506","url":null,"abstract":"Vasovagal Syncope (VVS) represents the most frequent cause of loss of consciousness. Additionally to its clinical usefulness, the tilt test is a good quality physiological gold standard for the spectral analysis of Heart Rate Variability (HRV). Noise removal in HRV signals is problematic, due to the presence of ectopic beats and non-stationary short-term trends. Given current Tilt Test systems simultaneously record several physiological signals, we hypothesize that independent component analysis (ICA) may separate physiological from mostly-noise components, and denoising can be properly done. Four-dimensional recordings (HR, systolic/diastolic blood pressure, and ejection volume) were obtained during 50 Tilt Test. After ICA decomposition, a 5th order median filter was applied to the noisiest component, prior to signal reconstruction. In order to check the denoising performance, a gold-standard was made by manually removing ectopic beats and artifacts from the original signals by an expert. For comparison purposes, a 5th order median filter was also applied separately to the HR signal. The spectrum analysis showed that denoising of multidimensional recordings with ICA during Tilt Test yields HRV signals with lower distortion at HF band.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132198469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745567
C. W. Hug, G. Clifford
We analyzed over 95,000 individual values of heart rate and blood pressure derived from 118,000 hours of electrocardiogram (ECG) and 71,000 hours of Arterial Blood Pressure (ABP) data from 1,071 patients using two methods. One method was a nursing-staff verified automatic measurement transmitted from the bedside monitor to central nursing station at intervals of 5 to 60 minutes. The other method involved re-deriving the estimates from continuous ECG and ABP waveforms using independent algorithms and a set of previously described signal quality metrics to reject noisy and untrustworthy data. Results demonstrate that after the removal of obvious artifactual derived HR and ABP estimates, the two measurement sources disagree, on average, by a clinically insignificant amount. Furthermore, after rejection of data using signal quality metrics, the error distribution curve significantly tightens. The clinically-verified BP values exhibit a small but significant bias towards overestimation, both as a function of time of day and as a function of day of the week. Differences in values between time of day and day of week were small but statistically significant. Inter-nurse differences are also described.
{"title":"An analysis of the errors in recorded heart rate and blood pressure in the ICU using a complex set of signal quality metrics","authors":"C. W. Hug, G. Clifford","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745567","url":null,"abstract":"We analyzed over 95,000 individual values of heart rate and blood pressure derived from 118,000 hours of electrocardiogram (ECG) and 71,000 hours of Arterial Blood Pressure (ABP) data from 1,071 patients using two methods. One method was a nursing-staff verified automatic measurement transmitted from the bedside monitor to central nursing station at intervals of 5 to 60 minutes. The other method involved re-deriving the estimates from continuous ECG and ABP waveforms using independent algorithms and a set of previously described signal quality metrics to reject noisy and untrustworthy data. Results demonstrate that after the removal of obvious artifactual derived HR and ABP estimates, the two measurement sources disagree, on average, by a clinically insignificant amount. Furthermore, after rejection of data using signal quality metrics, the error distribution curve significantly tightens. The clinically-verified BP values exhibit a small but significant bias towards overestimation, both as a function of time of day and as a function of day of the week. Differences in values between time of day and day of week were small but statistically significant. Inter-nurse differences are also described.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130091833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745419
P. Povalej, V. Kanič, P. Kokol
Coronary artery disease is one of the most frequent causes of premature deaths in Slovenia and also in most countries in the world. A ldquogold standardrdquo for treatment of left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis is still a surgical therapy; however percutanueous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is much simpler for the patients and gives comparable short-term and mid-term results to surgical therapy. PTCA of LMCA stenosis is safe and technically demanding but long-term clinical outcomes are not yet defined. In this paper we present an intelligent data analysis method for inducing a decision tree that was able to outline some anticipated and also some relatively unexpected but useful risk factors for survival after PTCA.
{"title":"Determining risk factors for survival after LMCA stenosis with intelligent data analysis","authors":"P. Povalej, V. Kanič, P. Kokol","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745419","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary artery disease is one of the most frequent causes of premature deaths in Slovenia and also in most countries in the world. A ldquogold standardrdquo for treatment of left main coronary artery (LMCA) stenosis is still a surgical therapy; however percutanueous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) is much simpler for the patients and gives comparable short-term and mid-term results to surgical therapy. PTCA of LMCA stenosis is safe and technically demanding but long-term clinical outcomes are not yet defined. In this paper we present an intelligent data analysis method for inducing a decision tree that was able to outline some anticipated and also some relatively unexpected but useful risk factors for survival after PTCA.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129402942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745502
X. Aubert, J. Muehlsteff
The use of ECG-based pulse delays as a surrogate of the arterial blood pressure has long been questioned, especially when the subject is given vaso-active drugs altering the vascular resistance. When measured from the ECG, pulse delays include two components: the vascular pulse transit time and cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP). This paper analyses the relationships of both vascular and cardiac components with the blood pressure. As there is no known equation ruling PEP, a lumped model of arterial circulation is used to study the dependencies between blood pressure and PEP. When the peripheral resistance varies PEP shows a direct correlation with the blood pressure, opposite to the inverse pulse transit time dependency. Real-life signal examples from intensive care unit patients are presented and discussed.
{"title":"A model-based study of the influence of vaso-active drugs on pulse delays measured from the electrocardiogram","authors":"X. Aubert, J. Muehlsteff","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745502","url":null,"abstract":"The use of ECG-based pulse delays as a surrogate of the arterial blood pressure has long been questioned, especially when the subject is given vaso-active drugs altering the vascular resistance. When measured from the ECG, pulse delays include two components: the vascular pulse transit time and cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP). This paper analyses the relationships of both vascular and cardiac components with the blood pressure. As there is no known equation ruling PEP, a lumped model of arterial circulation is used to study the dependencies between blood pressure and PEP. When the peripheral resistance varies PEP shows a direct correlation with the blood pressure, opposite to the inverse pulse transit time dependency. Real-life signal examples from intensive care unit patients are presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130705291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745440
M. Harris, J. Habetha
MyHeart is a so-called Integrated Project of the European Union aimed at developing intelligent systems for the prevention and monitoring of cardiovascular status. The approach of the MyHeart project is to monitor Vital Body Signs (VBS) with wearable technology, to process the measured data and to give the user (therapy) recommendations from the system. Using its broad base of technical and business expertise, four concepts adressing cardiac health have been developed and tested on a technical, business, realisability and usability level.
{"title":"The MyHeart project: A framework for personal health care applications","authors":"M. Harris, J. Habetha","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745440","url":null,"abstract":"MyHeart is a so-called Integrated Project of the European Union aimed at developing intelligent systems for the prevention and monitoring of cardiovascular status. The approach of the MyHeart project is to monitor Vital Body Signs (VBS) with wearable technology, to process the measured data and to give the user (therapy) recommendations from the system. Using its broad base of technical and business expertise, four concepts adressing cardiac health have been developed and tested on a technical, business, realisability and usability level.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131028618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745495
G. Bu, E. Berbari, M. Rubart
Spatial heterogeneity of action potential properties has been related to cardiac arrhythmogenesis. In this study we used laser scanning confocal microscopy in conjunction with the fast potentiometric dye ANNINE-6 to monitor changes in cardiomyocyte transmembrane potentials in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts on a subcellular scale. Line-scan images from up to three neighboring cardiomyocytes were obtained during continuous electrical stimulation at 3 Hz. Fluorescence changes for each cardiomyocyte along the scan line were resolved from the corresponding line-scan image. Peak changes in fluorescence intensity during an action potential exceeded 20%. Signal-to-noise ratio of the optical signal was >20. Action potential durations were not significantly different between adjacent cardiomyocytes under our conditions. We conclude that this imaging technique can be used to investigate cell-to-cell repolarization heterogeneity in the intact heart.
{"title":"Optical recording of single cardiomyocyte transmembrane potential in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts","authors":"G. Bu, E. Berbari, M. Rubart","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745495","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745495","url":null,"abstract":"Spatial heterogeneity of action potential properties has been related to cardiac arrhythmogenesis. In this study we used laser scanning confocal microscopy in conjunction with the fast potentiometric dye ANNINE-6 to monitor changes in cardiomyocyte transmembrane potentials in Langendorff-perfused mouse hearts on a subcellular scale. Line-scan images from up to three neighboring cardiomyocytes were obtained during continuous electrical stimulation at 3 Hz. Fluorescence changes for each cardiomyocyte along the scan line were resolved from the corresponding line-scan image. Peak changes in fluorescence intensity during an action potential exceeded 20%. Signal-to-noise ratio of the optical signal was >20. Action potential durations were not significantly different between adjacent cardiomyocytes under our conditions. We conclude that this imaging technique can be used to investigate cell-to-cell repolarization heterogeneity in the intact heart.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133530409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745466
O. Aslanidi, R. Sleiman, H. Williamson, M. Boyett, H. Zhang
Remarkable differences in action potential properties between the Purkinje fibre and ventricular cells may lead to abnormalities in excitation conduction through the Purkinje-ventricular junction (PVJ) and arrhythmogenic behaviour. We develop a family of electrophysiologically detailed computer models for rabbit epicardial, midmyocardial and endocardial ventricular myocytes, as well as the rabbit Purkinje fibre cells, in order to simulate a realistic APD dispersion during conduction through the PVJ under normal conditions and under pathological conditions of the short QT syndrome associated with HERG N588K mutation.
{"title":"Modelling conduction through the Purkinje ventricular junction and the short-QT syndrome associated with HERG mutation in the rabbit ventricles","authors":"O. Aslanidi, R. Sleiman, H. Williamson, M. Boyett, H. Zhang","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745466","url":null,"abstract":"Remarkable differences in action potential properties between the Purkinje fibre and ventricular cells may lead to abnormalities in excitation conduction through the Purkinje-ventricular junction (PVJ) and arrhythmogenic behaviour. We develop a family of electrophysiologically detailed computer models for rabbit epicardial, midmyocardial and endocardial ventricular myocytes, as well as the rabbit Purkinje fibre cells, in order to simulate a realistic APD dispersion during conduction through the PVJ under normal conditions and under pathological conditions of the short QT syndrome associated with HERG N588K mutation.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132649916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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