Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745461
S. Nelwan, T. van Dam, S. Meij, N. van der Putten
Patient Data Management Systems (PDMS) have traditionally formed the amalgam between the patient monitoring system and hospital information system. The Thoraxcenter set out to replace a mixture of paper-based registrations and in-house developed applications with a new digital PDMS. The PDMS Innovian was selected in 2003, was configured in 2004 and has been in use since 2005.
{"title":"Implementation and use of a patient data management system in the intensive care unit: A two-year experience","authors":"S. Nelwan, T. van Dam, S. Meij, N. van der Putten","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745461","url":null,"abstract":"Patient Data Management Systems (PDMS) have traditionally formed the amalgam between the patient monitoring system and hospital information system. The Thoraxcenter set out to replace a mixture of paper-based registrations and in-house developed applications with a new digital PDMS. The PDMS Innovian was selected in 2003, was configured in 2004 and has been in use since 2005.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115296808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-12-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745468
T. Brennan, M. Fink, D. Stokeley, B. Rodríguez, L. Tarassenko
The QT interval has well-documented shortcomings as a predictor of Torsades de Pointes (TdP) and recent studies have shown that T-wave morphology might provide insight into drug effects on ventricular repolarisation. In this paper, we investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of sotalol, a known anti-arrhythmic drug, on T-wave morphology as seen in the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). Analysis of clinical ECG data from a controlled study shows that sotalol alters T-wave morphology, resulting in particular in a decrease in T-wave amplitude. Our multi-scale modelling approach uses a Markov formulation to represent sotalolpsilas interaction with the rapid delayed rectifier potassium channel current (IKr), validated using experimental data. The ion channel model is then incorporated into a human ventricular cell model, which is then used in a 1D fibre model with transmural heterogeneities to simulate a pseudo-ECG. The simulation results show sotalol-induced changes in IKr cause rate and dose-dependent increase in action potential duration (APD) and in transmural APD heterogeneities, which result in a decrease of T-wave amplitude and an increase in T-wave dispersion in the pseudo-ECG signal. Thus, our modelling study is able to explain the ionic mechanisms underlying the main sotalol-induced changes in clinical T-wave morphology.
{"title":"Modelling effects of sotalol on T-wave morphology","authors":"T. Brennan, M. Fink, D. Stokeley, B. Rodríguez, L. Tarassenko","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745468","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745468","url":null,"abstract":"The QT interval has well-documented shortcomings as a predictor of Torsades de Pointes (TdP) and recent studies have shown that T-wave morphology might provide insight into drug effects on ventricular repolarisation. In this paper, we investigate the underlying mechanisms of the effects of sotalol, a known anti-arrhythmic drug, on T-wave morphology as seen in the surface electrocardiogram (ECG). Analysis of clinical ECG data from a controlled study shows that sotalol alters T-wave morphology, resulting in particular in a decrease in T-wave amplitude. Our multi-scale modelling approach uses a Markov formulation to represent sotalolpsilas interaction with the rapid delayed rectifier potassium channel current (IKr), validated using experimental data. The ion channel model is then incorporated into a human ventricular cell model, which is then used in a 1D fibre model with transmural heterogeneities to simulate a pseudo-ECG. The simulation results show sotalol-induced changes in IKr cause rate and dose-dependent increase in action potential duration (APD) and in transmural APD heterogeneities, which result in a decrease of T-wave amplitude and an increase in T-wave dispersion in the pseudo-ECG signal. Thus, our modelling study is able to explain the ionic mechanisms underlying the main sotalol-induced changes in clinical T-wave morphology.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121638448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-11-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745486
E. Heidenreich, L. Romero, J.F. Rodriguez, B. Trénor, J. Ferrero, J. Saiz, M. Doblaré
Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation are known to be two types of cardiac arrhythmias that usually take place during acute ischemia and frequently lead to sudden death. In this work, we have studied the different patterns of activation displayed in a virtual ventricular slab preparation after premature stimulation during acute ischemia. Furthermore, we also have analyzed the vulnerable window (VW) under such conditions. Influence of the tissue structure and morphology of the ischemic zone have also been considered. For a centered ischemic zone, eight shaped reentry was originated at the mid plane of the slab and the VW was found to be almost the same as for the 2D simulations. Eight shaped reentry were formed in the epicardial surface as the morphology of the ischemic zone changed (the centre of the ischemic zone was moved toward the epicardial surface). These changes also caused a reduction in the VW of a 24% as compared with the centered ischemic zone.
{"title":"Vulnerability to reentry in a 3D regionally ischemic ventricular slab preparation: A simulation study","authors":"E. Heidenreich, L. Romero, J.F. Rodriguez, B. Trénor, J. Ferrero, J. Saiz, M. Doblaré","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745486","url":null,"abstract":"Ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation are known to be two types of cardiac arrhythmias that usually take place during acute ischemia and frequently lead to sudden death. In this work, we have studied the different patterns of activation displayed in a virtual ventricular slab preparation after premature stimulation during acute ischemia. Furthermore, we also have analyzed the vulnerable window (VW) under such conditions. Influence of the tissue structure and morphology of the ischemic zone have also been considered. For a centered ischemic zone, eight shaped reentry was originated at the mid plane of the slab and the VW was found to be almost the same as for the 2D simulations. Eight shaped reentry were formed in the epicardial surface as the morphology of the ischemic zone changed (the centre of the ischemic zone was moved toward the epicardial surface). These changes also caused a reduction in the VW of a 24% as compared with the centered ischemic zone.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115097463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-30DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745537
T. Last, C. Nugent, F. Owens, D. Finlay
Motion artifacts, caused by changes in the electrode-skin impedance, electromyographic (EMG) interference, caused by muscle contractions, and possible baseline drifts are three of the most common sources of noise present in ECG recordings. The present study investigates the effects of these noise sources on the performance of ECG beat detection algorithms. Four different beat detection methods were used to evaluate the influence of noise sources with varying signal to noise ratios (SNRs). A database consisting of recordings from approximately 100 subjects consisting of approximately 3000 cardiac cycles was used for evaluation. Hence, 1200 records were subsequently tested by the detectors after adding three different noise sources with four different SNRs of 24 dB, 12 dB, 6 dB and -6 dB to the original 100 records. The four classifiers achieved beat detection results from 98% down to 68% for correctly detected QRS-complexes at SNRs between 24 dB and 6 dB.
{"title":"Evaluation of multi-component Electrocardiogram beat detection algorithms: Implications of three different noise artifacts","authors":"T. Last, C. Nugent, F. Owens, D. Finlay","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745537","url":null,"abstract":"Motion artifacts, caused by changes in the electrode-skin impedance, electromyographic (EMG) interference, caused by muscle contractions, and possible baseline drifts are three of the most common sources of noise present in ECG recordings. The present study investigates the effects of these noise sources on the performance of ECG beat detection algorithms. Four different beat detection methods were used to evaluate the influence of noise sources with varying signal to noise ratios (SNRs). A database consisting of recordings from approximately 100 subjects consisting of approximately 3000 cardiac cycles was used for evaluation. Hence, 1200 records were subsequently tested by the detectors after adding three different noise sources with four different SNRs of 24 dB, 12 dB, 6 dB and -6 dB to the original 100 records. The four classifiers achieved beat detection results from 98% down to 68% for correctly detected QRS-complexes at SNRs between 24 dB and 6 dB.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130456811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-30DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745500
M. Xavier, A. Lalande, P. Walker, C. Boichot, A. Cochet, O. Bouchot, E. Steinmetz, L. Legrand, F. Brunotte
Natural evolution of aortic disease is characterized by a diameter increase that can result in aortic dissection or rupture. Currently the evaluation of risk of rupture or dissection is based on the size of the aorta. However, this parameter is not always relevant and it appears necessary to define new parameters.
{"title":"Dynamic 4D blood flow representation in the aorta and analysis from cine-MRI in patients","authors":"M. Xavier, A. Lalande, P. Walker, C. Boichot, A. Cochet, O. Bouchot, E. Steinmetz, L. Legrand, F. Brunotte","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745500","url":null,"abstract":"Natural evolution of aortic disease is characterized by a diameter increase that can result in aortic dissection or rupture. Currently the evaluation of risk of rupture or dissection is based on the size of the aorta. However, this parameter is not always relevant and it appears necessary to define new parameters.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132103605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745585
F. Castells, M. Guillem, A. Climent, V. Bodí, F. Chorro, J. Millet
Several methods for optimal lead selection from multi-lead electrocardiographic recordings are analyzed. The non selected leads are reconstructed from the selected leads according to least squares optimization and the performance is evaluated in terms of mean square error of the derived potentials. The algorithms were tested on a database of 72 body surface potential recordings divided into four different patient groups. Each dataset was divided into a study and test subsets. Two experiments were carried out: (1) all steps are performed over the test dataset (ideal case) and (2) the lead selection and transformation matrix is carried out over the study dataset but the performance is evaluated over the test dataset (real case). Our results show important reconstruction errors with either lead selection method and only increasing the number of leads reduces the error in reconstruction. However, if a reduced number of leads is to be selected outside the standard 12-lead ECG, the method proposed by Lux has been shown to be the best option.
{"title":"Performance evaluation in the reconstruction of body surface potentials from reduced lead systems a comparative study of lead selection algorithms","authors":"F. Castells, M. Guillem, A. Climent, V. Bodí, F. Chorro, J. Millet","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745585","url":null,"abstract":"Several methods for optimal lead selection from multi-lead electrocardiographic recordings are analyzed. The non selected leads are reconstructed from the selected leads according to least squares optimization and the performance is evaluated in terms of mean square error of the derived potentials. The algorithms were tested on a database of 72 body surface potential recordings divided into four different patient groups. Each dataset was divided into a study and test subsets. Two experiments were carried out: (1) all steps are performed over the test dataset (ideal case) and (2) the lead selection and transformation matrix is carried out over the study dataset but the performance is evaluated over the test dataset (real case). Our results show important reconstruction errors with either lead selection method and only increasing the number of leads reduces the error in reconstruction. However, if a reduced number of leads is to be selected outside the standard 12-lead ECG, the method proposed by Lux has been shown to be the best option.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115673363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745589
V. Corino, L. Mainardi, D. Husser, A. Bollmann
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia characterized by highly irregular atrial depolarization. Among various commonly used antiarrhythmic drugs, flecainide is known to decrease conduction velocity in a rate-dependent manner. The aim of this study was to establish a protocol to monitor flecainidepsilas rate-dependent conduction slowing, during physiologic increases in heart rate (HR) in patients with AF. QRS duration at rest and during symptom-limited bicycle exercise stress was measured in 9 patients with persistent AF before and during oral flecainide administration. Flecainide-induced QRS duration prolongation was more pronounced during exercise than at rest. In patients with AF, this characteristic can be monitored and quantified by measuring QRS duration under resting and exercise conditions, helping in determination of antiarrhythmic efficacy and preventing proarrhythmic effects in the individual patient.
{"title":"Rate-dependent flecainide effects on QRS duration in atrial fibrillation","authors":"V. Corino, L. Mainardi, D. Husser, A. Bollmann","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745589","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745589","url":null,"abstract":"Atrial fibrillation (AF) is an arrhythmia characterized by highly irregular atrial depolarization. Among various commonly used antiarrhythmic drugs, flecainide is known to decrease conduction velocity in a rate-dependent manner. The aim of this study was to establish a protocol to monitor flecainidepsilas rate-dependent conduction slowing, during physiologic increases in heart rate (HR) in patients with AF. QRS duration at rest and during symptom-limited bicycle exercise stress was measured in 9 patients with persistent AF before and during oral flecainide administration. Flecainide-induced QRS duration prolongation was more pronounced during exercise than at rest. In patients with AF, this characteristic can be monitored and quantified by measuring QRS duration under resting and exercise conditions, helping in determination of antiarrhythmic efficacy and preventing proarrhythmic effects in the individual patient.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121255892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745569
S. Khoor, I. Kovacs, K. Fugedi, G. Horvath, E. Domijan, M. Domijan, Szent Istvan
Three studies were performed assessing the clinical value of digital electro- and phonocardiography (dECG, dPCG) with telemedicine application. In the first study, some Doppler echocardiographic parameters (ejection fraction, aortic Vmax, the grade of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation) were estimated from the spectral amplitude value of 170 time-frequency cells of the TriTest dPCG using multivariate discriminant analysis of 584 cardiac patients (292 for the training, and 292 for the test set). A cost analysis of heart failure (HF) screening in various populations was performed on 452 subjects. The greatest cost-savings (Euro / one HF patient) was found in the combined use of dECG and dPCG compared with the TE screening alone (mean: 82.4 CI-95%: 69.5-96.4 versus mean: 230.1 CI-95%: 196.5-254.4; p<0.001). In the third study, during the 24 months telemonitoring of serious heart failure patients, 124 hospital days charge was saved, comparing the two, 29-29 patientspsila groups.
{"title":"Telemedicine digital phonocardiography: Cost-effective strategies in heart failure screening and monitoring","authors":"S. Khoor, I. Kovacs, K. Fugedi, G. Horvath, E. Domijan, M. Domijan, Szent Istvan","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745569","url":null,"abstract":"Three studies were performed assessing the clinical value of digital electro- and phonocardiography (dECG, dPCG) with telemedicine application. In the first study, some Doppler echocardiographic parameters (ejection fraction, aortic Vmax, the grade of mitral and tricuspid regurgitation) were estimated from the spectral amplitude value of 170 time-frequency cells of the TriTest dPCG using multivariate discriminant analysis of 584 cardiac patients (292 for the training, and 292 for the test set). A cost analysis of heart failure (HF) screening in various populations was performed on 452 subjects. The greatest cost-savings (Euro / one HF patient) was found in the combined use of dECG and dPCG compared with the TE screening alone (mean: 82.4 CI-95%: 69.5-96.4 versus mean: 230.1 CI-95%: 196.5-254.4; p<0.001). In the third study, during the 24 months telemonitoring of serious heart failure patients, 124 hospital days charge was saved, comparing the two, 29-29 patientspsila groups.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124905518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745470
L.F. Giraldo, E. Delgado, C. Castellanos
This study proposes a hybrid feature weighting and selection model for reducing the system dimensionality, improving the classification accuracy. The hybrid selection model is tuned by means of genetic algorithms, where the involved evaluation uses the Rademacher complexity using the k-nearest neighbors classifier. This approach simultaneously minimizes the feature number and training error and provides information about the relevance of each feature. The model was tested on artificial databases as well as by using features extracted from cardiac signals. The used ECG records for ischemic detection correspond to the E-STT database and the used heart sound database for cardiac murmur detection corresponds to phonocardiographic (PCG) records assembled in the National University of Colombia. The classification error result in the ischemic detection was 1.3% with 50.7% of dimensionality reduction rate, while in the cardiac murmur detection was 6.9% with 87.3% of dimensionality reduction rate.
{"title":"Feature weighting and selection using a hybrid approach based on Rademacher complexity model selection","authors":"L.F. Giraldo, E. Delgado, C. Castellanos","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745470","url":null,"abstract":"This study proposes a hybrid feature weighting and selection model for reducing the system dimensionality, improving the classification accuracy. The hybrid selection model is tuned by means of genetic algorithms, where the involved evaluation uses the Rademacher complexity using the k-nearest neighbors classifier. This approach simultaneously minimizes the feature number and training error and provides information about the relevance of each feature. The model was tested on artificial databases as well as by using features extracted from cardiac signals. The used ECG records for ischemic detection correspond to the E-STT database and the used heart sound database for cardiac murmur detection corresponds to phonocardiographic (PCG) records assembled in the National University of Colombia. The classification error result in the ischemic detection was 1.3% with 50.7% of dimensionality reduction rate, while in the cardiac murmur detection was 6.9% with 87.3% of dimensionality reduction rate.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123272608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745586
R. Scherptong, S. Man, S. Cessie, H. Vliegen, H. Draisma, A. Maan, M. Schalij, C. A. Swenne
We computed normal limits of the spatial QRS-T angle (SA) and the spatial ventricular gradient (SVG) in 660 normal resting ECGs (449 female / 211 male) recorded in healthy subjects aged 18-29 years. Values for males and females were compared, and normal limits for males from this study were compared to the normal limits for males, published previously in 1967. In females, the SA was sharper (females: 66 plusmn 25deg males: 80 plusmn 24deg, P<0.001) and the SVG magnitude was smaller (females: 81 plusmn 23 mVldrms; males: 110 plusmn 29 mVldrms, P<0.001) than in males. The SVG magnitude in males was larger than that published in 1967 (79 plusmn 28 mVldrms; P<0.001). SA and SVG depend strongly on gender. The newly calculated SVG magnitude in males differs strikingly from the 1967 value; explanations for this difference are given.
{"title":"The spatial QRS-T angle and the spatial ventricular gradient: Normal limits for young adults","authors":"R. Scherptong, S. Man, S. Cessie, H. Vliegen, H. Draisma, A. Maan, M. Schalij, C. A. Swenne","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745586","url":null,"abstract":"We computed normal limits of the spatial QRS-T angle (SA) and the spatial ventricular gradient (SVG) in 660 normal resting ECGs (449 female / 211 male) recorded in healthy subjects aged 18-29 years. Values for males and females were compared, and normal limits for males from this study were compared to the normal limits for males, published previously in 1967. In females, the SA was sharper (females: 66 plusmn 25deg males: 80 plusmn 24deg, P<0.001) and the SVG magnitude was smaller (females: 81 plusmn 23 mVldrms; males: 110 plusmn 29 mVldrms, P<0.001) than in males. The SVG magnitude in males was larger than that published in 1967 (79 plusmn 28 mVldrms; P<0.001). SA and SVG depend strongly on gender. The newly calculated SVG magnitude in males differs strikingly from the 1967 value; explanations for this difference are given.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"155 16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123414032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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