Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745592
T. Schwarz, T. Heimann, I. Wolf, H. Meinzer
Segmentation using deformable model-based approaches has become a common application in 3D medical image analysis, as it provides a fast and robust method to detect structures, e.g. organs, fully-automated after initialization. However, some earlier approaches in some cases did not converge in the segmentation process even on rather good datasets or showed major variations in the segmentation results. This work presents the application of a shape model enhanced with the possibility of free deformation with respect to local grey value distributions, used to automatically detect the end-diastolic and end-systolic left heart ventricle (LV) in 3D MRI images after a short user interaction, thus to calculate the heart stroke volume.
{"title":"3D heart segmentation and volumetry using deformable shape models","authors":"T. Schwarz, T. Heimann, I. Wolf, H. Meinzer","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745592","url":null,"abstract":"Segmentation using deformable model-based approaches has become a common application in 3D medical image analysis, as it provides a fast and robust method to detect structures, e.g. organs, fully-automated after initialization. However, some earlier approaches in some cases did not converge in the segmentation process even on rather good datasets or showed major variations in the segmentation results. This work presents the application of a shape model enhanced with the possibility of free deformation with respect to local grey value distributions, used to automatically detect the end-diastolic and end-systolic left heart ventricle (LV) in 3D MRI images after a short user interaction, thus to calculate the heart stroke volume.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127661878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745518
S. Hargittai
The most important step of quantitative ECG analysis is to determine the wave boundaries. The main objectives of this paper are to consider the scope and the limitations of using CSE databases and standard test signals for evaluation and improvement of ECG wave recognition programs. Three databases were used for evaluating the ECG measurement programs. The databases were not only used for automatic assessment but all records and channels were checked individually and deviations from the references were analyzed. The CSE databases and the standard analytical ECG curves can be used for automatic evaluation of an ECG measurement program, but reference data should be used with care. Design engineers have to have appropriate knowledge in both the signal-processing field and electrocardiography.
{"title":"Measurements standards and test signals in QRS boundary determination","authors":"S. Hargittai","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745518","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745518","url":null,"abstract":"The most important step of quantitative ECG analysis is to determine the wave boundaries. The main objectives of this paper are to consider the scope and the limitations of using CSE databases and standard test signals for evaluation and improvement of ECG wave recognition programs. Three databases were used for evaluating the ECG measurement programs. The databases were not only used for automatic assessment but all records and channels were checked individually and deviations from the references were analyzed. The CSE databases and the standard analytical ECG curves can be used for automatic evaluation of an ECG measurement program, but reference data should be used with care. Design engineers have to have appropriate knowledge in both the signal-processing field and electrocardiography.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114788731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745430
U. Richter, M. Stridh, D. Husser, D. Cannom, A. Bhandari, A. Bollmann, L. Sornmo
The present study deals with detection of intra-atrial wavefronts from atrial activation times in adjacent bipolar electrograms. A statistic of the delays within each wave-front was calculated and served as a basis for quantifying the wavefront consistency as well as the propagation of the electrical activity along the catheter. The database consisted of 19 patients for which five electrograms were recorded simultaneously during 10 s. The analysis resulted in 38plusmn2 complete wavefronts per patient, i.e., wavefronts consisting of one activation from each recording site. Two parameters were evaluated for quantifying wavefront consistency, which together with the propagation profile well reflect the overall wavefront timing. In most cases, electrical activity was observed first in the high septal right atrium, and then spread along the catheter.
{"title":"Wavefront detection from intra-atrial recordings","authors":"U. Richter, M. Stridh, D. Husser, D. Cannom, A. Bhandari, A. Bollmann, L. Sornmo","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745430","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745430","url":null,"abstract":"The present study deals with detection of intra-atrial wavefronts from atrial activation times in adjacent bipolar electrograms. A statistic of the delays within each wave-front was calculated and served as a basis for quantifying the wavefront consistency as well as the propagation of the electrical activity along the catheter. The database consisted of 19 patients for which five electrograms were recorded simultaneously during 10 s. The analysis resulted in 38plusmn2 complete wavefronts per patient, i.e., wavefronts consisting of one activation from each recording site. Two parameters were evaluated for quantifying wavefront consistency, which together with the propagation profile well reflect the overall wavefront timing. In most cases, electrical activity was observed first in the high septal right atrium, and then spread along the catheter.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122137439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745600
X. Min, P. Demers, D. Muller, J. Snell, P. Levine, E. Ostrow
Studies have shown that inter-atrial conduction time (IACT) can be used to estimate optimal PV delays. QuickOpt utilizes the atrial EGM (AEGM) and measures P-wave duration (PW) to estimate the IACT. This study compares PW between bipolar (Bi) and unipolar (Uni) AEGMs in patients with either a pacemaker (PP) or a CRT-D pulse generator. Bipolar (Bi) and Unipolar (Uni) AEGMs were obtained from 42 PP and 18 CRT-D pts. In the PP, PWs associated with Bi and Uni AEGMs were close (114plusmn19 ms vs. 110plusmn20 ms). Intra-patient difference was 3.9plusmn8.7 ms, and the 95% confidence interval for the difference was (1.2, 6.6). With CRT-D, PWs were 79plusmn18.4 ms and 81plusmn14 ms for Bi and Uni sensing and the intra-patient difference was -1.2plusmn14.9 ms. In 18 PP, the difference between ECG and either bipolar or unipolar PW was 4.8plusmn17.8 ms and 0.9 ms plusmn 15.5 ms respectively. PWs were similar between unipolar AEGMs, bipolar AEGMs, and surface ECG.
研究表明，房间传导时间(IACT)可用于估计最佳PV延迟。QuickOpt利用心房EGM (AEGM)和测量p波持续时间(PW)来估计IACT。本研究比较了使用起搏器(PP)或CRT-D脉冲发生器的患者双极(Bi)和单极(Uni) egms的PW。从42名PP和18名CRT-D患者中获得双极(Bi)和单极(Uni) egms。在PP中，与Bi和Uni AEGMs相关的PWs接近(114plusmn19 ms vs. 110plusmn20 ms)。患者内差异为3.9±8.7 ms，差异的95%置信区间为(1.2,6.6)。ct - d检测Bi和Uni的PWs分别为79plusmn18.4 ms和81plusmn14 ms，患者内差异为-1.2plusmn14.9 ms。在18pp时，心电图与双极或单极PW的差异分别为4.8 ms + 17.8 ms和0.9 ms + 15.5 ms。单极心电图、双极心电图和体表心电图的PWs相似。
{"title":"Comparison of P wave durations as assessed with the bipolar and unipolar atrial intracardiac electrograms: Applicability to QuickOpt™","authors":"X. Min, P. Demers, D. Muller, J. Snell, P. Levine, E. Ostrow","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745600","url":null,"abstract":"Studies have shown that inter-atrial conduction time (IACT) can be used to estimate optimal PV delays. QuickOpt utilizes the atrial EGM (AEGM) and measures P-wave duration (PW) to estimate the IACT. This study compares PW between bipolar (Bi) and unipolar (Uni) AEGMs in patients with either a pacemaker (PP) or a CRT-D pulse generator. Bipolar (Bi) and Unipolar (Uni) AEGMs were obtained from 42 PP and 18 CRT-D pts. In the PP, PWs associated with Bi and Uni AEGMs were close (114plusmn19 ms vs. 110plusmn20 ms). Intra-patient difference was 3.9plusmn8.7 ms, and the 95% confidence interval for the difference was (1.2, 6.6). With CRT-D, PWs were 79plusmn18.4 ms and 81plusmn14 ms for Bi and Uni sensing and the intra-patient difference was -1.2plusmn14.9 ms. In 18 PP, the difference between ECG and either bipolar or unipolar PW was 4.8plusmn17.8 ms and 0.9 ms plusmn 15.5 ms respectively. PWs were similar between unipolar AEGMs, bipolar AEGMs, and surface ECG.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"275 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123712733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745434
V. Jacquemet, C. Henriquez
Most simulations of cardiac electrophysiology use the steady state as initial condition. Spatial variations in steady-state membrane potential may arise due to ischemia, coupling with fibroblasts, or local changes in intrinsic resting potential. In large scale models, simulating free evolution until the steady-state is reached may be computationally expensive when long time constants or slow concentration drifts are involved in the cell models. This paper describes a dedicated Newton-based root-finding solver to determine the steady state of a tissue in which two or more cell types coexist in the monodomain framework. This approach was applied to a 2D microstructural tissue model in which myocytes were coupled to fibroblasts, leading to an inhomogeneous elevation of the myocyte resting potential.
{"title":"An efficient technique for determining the steady-state membrane potential profile in tissues with multiple cell types","authors":"V. Jacquemet, C. Henriquez","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745434","url":null,"abstract":"Most simulations of cardiac electrophysiology use the steady state as initial condition. Spatial variations in steady-state membrane potential may arise due to ischemia, coupling with fibroblasts, or local changes in intrinsic resting potential. In large scale models, simulating free evolution until the steady-state is reached may be computationally expensive when long time constants or slow concentration drifts are involved in the cell models. This paper describes a dedicated Newton-based root-finding solver to determine the steady state of a tissue in which two or more cell types coexist in the monodomain framework. This approach was applied to a 2D microstructural tissue model in which myocytes were coupled to fibroblasts, leading to an inhomogeneous elevation of the myocyte resting potential.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"70 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131721803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745451
Piotr Zarychta, Fiona E. Smith, S. King, A. J. Haigh, A. Klinge, Dingchang Zheng, S. Stevens, John F. Allen, A. Okelarin, Philip Langley, Alan Murray
Using the additional information from multi-lead body surface potential recordings we aimed to study ECG features to predict the extent of infarcted myocardium as part of the 2007 PhysioNet/Computers in Cardiology Challenge. We studied potential and QT maps through key stages of the ventricular cycle assessing the 2 training and 2 test cases. Clinical assessment of the ECGs was provided by three cardiologists. QRS axis was abnormal in training case 1. ST was elevated in training case 1 and test case 2. T wave axis was abnormal in training case 2 and test case 1. T wave axis was different to QRS axis in training case 1. Cardiologists agreed that training cases 1 and 2 were anterior and inferior infarctions respectively, while they considered both test cases to be normal variations. The maps, however, showed significant abnormalities in the test cases.
{"title":"Body surface potential mapping for detection of myocardial infarct sites","authors":"Piotr Zarychta, Fiona E. Smith, S. King, A. J. Haigh, A. Klinge, Dingchang Zheng, S. Stevens, John F. Allen, A. Okelarin, Philip Langley, Alan Murray","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745451","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745451","url":null,"abstract":"Using the additional information from multi-lead body surface potential recordings we aimed to study ECG features to predict the extent of infarcted myocardium as part of the 2007 PhysioNet/Computers in Cardiology Challenge. We studied potential and QT maps through key stages of the ventricular cycle assessing the 2 training and 2 test cases. Clinical assessment of the ECGs was provided by three cardiologists. QRS axis was abnormal in training case 1. ST was elevated in training case 1 and test case 2. T wave axis was abnormal in training case 2 and test case 1. T wave axis was different to QRS axis in training case 1. Cardiologists agreed that training cases 1 and 2 were anterior and inferior infarctions respectively, while they considered both test cases to be normal variations. The maps, however, showed significant abnormalities in the test cases.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129290996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745576
M. Baumert, J. Smith, P. Catcheside, D. McEvoy, D. Abbott, E. Nalivaiko
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder that has been associated with hypertension and ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in RR and QT intervals after respiratory and spontaneous arousals in patients with OSA. We conducted overnight sleep studies in 20 patients. The mean and range of respiratory disturbance index were 49 plusmn 28 and respectively. During stage 2 sleep, ECGs were analyzed over a period of 30 seconds. From the 187 arousals investigated (120 respiratory vs. 67 spontaneous) a significant number were associated with a RR interval shortening (64%). Eighteen percent of the RR intervals were prolonged, with a significantly higher number during spontaneous arousals (13% vs. 27%). Similarly, QT intervals shortened after arousal (65%). But there were no significant differences between spontaneous and respiratory arousals. In conclusion, spontaneous and respiratory arousals lead to changes in heart rate and ventricular repolarization.
{"title":"Changes in RR and QT intervals after spontaneous and respiratory arousal in patients with obstructive sleep apnea","authors":"M. Baumert, J. Smith, P. Catcheside, D. McEvoy, D. Abbott, E. Nalivaiko","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745576","url":null,"abstract":"Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common disorder that has been associated with hypertension and ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to investigate changes in RR and QT intervals after respiratory and spontaneous arousals in patients with OSA. We conducted overnight sleep studies in 20 patients. The mean and range of respiratory disturbance index were 49 plusmn 28 and respectively. During stage 2 sleep, ECGs were analyzed over a period of 30 seconds. From the 187 arousals investigated (120 respiratory vs. 67 spontaneous) a significant number were associated with a RR interval shortening (64%). Eighteen percent of the RR intervals were prolonged, with a significantly higher number during spontaneous arousals (13% vs. 27%). Similarly, QT intervals shortened after arousal (65%). But there were no significant differences between spontaneous and respiratory arousals. In conclusion, spontaneous and respiratory arousals lead to changes in heart rate and ventricular repolarization.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126810168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745424
J. Wild, A. Sims, J. Pemberton, A. Kenny, A. Murray
Three dimensional echocardiography offers the benefit of non-invasive measurement of chamber volume at the cost of increased effort of data handling. Automated or semi-automated image analysis may help to reduce manual effort but can embody assumptions and limitations which have a significant effect on results.
{"title":"Assessment of factors affecting accuracy and repeatability in semi-automated echocardiographic measurement of chamber volume using a physical phantom","authors":"J. Wild, A. Sims, J. Pemberton, A. Kenny, A. Murray","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745424","url":null,"abstract":"Three dimensional echocardiography offers the benefit of non-invasive measurement of chamber volume at the cost of increased effort of data handling. Automated or semi-automated image analysis may help to reduce manual effort but can embody assumptions and limitations which have a significant effect on results.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126212673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745480
F. Simon, P. Laguna, E. Pueyo
In this work the relationship between heart rate and several repolarization indices, including the QT interval and T wave morphology descriptors, has been investigated. A time-variant model has been proposed to describe the Ir to RR relationship, with Ir generically denoting one of the repolarization indices under study, and RR the running mean RR interval. The proposed methodology is applied to the analysis of stress test recordings. Three different groups of individuals are considered: ischemic patients, low-risk patients and healthy subjects. It is shown that the slope of the line fitting the Ir to RR beat series evaluated at stress peak is significantly lower in ischemic patients as compared to low-risk patients and healthy subjects, and that result is valid for any of the Ir indices. It can be concluded that loss of the T wave adaptation capability (lower slope) to heart rate changes, measured at stress test peak, is related of the presence of ischemia.
{"title":"Study of the dynamic relationship between T wave morphology and heart rate during ischemia","authors":"F. Simon, P. Laguna, E. Pueyo","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745480","url":null,"abstract":"In this work the relationship between heart rate and several repolarization indices, including the QT interval and T wave morphology descriptors, has been investigated. A time-variant model has been proposed to describe the Ir to RR relationship, with Ir generically denoting one of the repolarization indices under study, and RR the running mean RR interval. The proposed methodology is applied to the analysis of stress test recordings. Three different groups of individuals are considered: ischemic patients, low-risk patients and healthy subjects. It is shown that the slope of the line fitting the Ir to RR beat series evaluated at stress peak is significantly lower in ischemic patients as compared to low-risk patients and healthy subjects, and that result is valid for any of the Ir indices. It can be concluded that loss of the T wave adaptation capability (lower slope) to heart rate changes, measured at stress test peak, is related of the presence of ischemia.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126309742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2007-09-01DOI: 10.1109/CIC.2007.4745570
X. Chen, C.T. Ho, E. Lim, T.Z. Kyaw
A cellular phone based online ECG processing system for ambulatory and continuous detection has been developed. It aids cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients to monitor their heart status and detect abnormalities in their normal daily life. This system is a solution to supplement the limitations in conventional clinic examination such as the difficulty in capturing rare events, off-hospital monitoring of patientspsila heart status and the immediate dissemination of physicianpsilas instruction to the patients.
{"title":"Cellular phone based online ECG processing for ambulatory and continuous detection","authors":"X. Chen, C.T. Ho, E. Lim, T.Z. Kyaw","doi":"10.1109/CIC.2007.4745570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/CIC.2007.4745570","url":null,"abstract":"A cellular phone based online ECG processing system for ambulatory and continuous detection has been developed. It aids cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients to monitor their heart status and detect abnormalities in their normal daily life. This system is a solution to supplement the limitations in conventional clinic examination such as the difficulty in capturing rare events, off-hospital monitoring of patientspsila heart status and the immediate dissemination of physicianpsilas instruction to the patients.","PeriodicalId":406683,"journal":{"name":"2007 Computers in Cardiology","volume":"12 16","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113973653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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