Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1995805
S. Menefee
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Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1995831
F. Andrew Dowdy
John Lederer’s 1669–1670 travels in Virginia and North Carolina offer one of the few detailed pictures of the region at that time. His account, however, has been viewed skeptically by scholars, particularly his claim that he visited a large lake nestled in the Appalachian Mountains. Although French and Spanish accounts of a lake also exist, none was subsequently found, and it is now generally considered to be a myth. The 2013 identification of the town of “Joara,” however, provides a potential new clue. If the town visited by Lederer, called “Sara,” was the same site or was located in the vicinity, his lake actually may have existed in western North Carolina, formed by episodic blockages of the French Broad River. If supported by geological or archeological evidence, this hypothesis would burnish Lederer’s image, but it would also require re-evaluation of current ethnohistorical views of the region.
{"title":"John Lederer’s “Mythical” Lake: Another Hypothesis","authors":"F. Andrew Dowdy","doi":"10.1080/00822884.2021.1995831","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00822884.2021.1995831","url":null,"abstract":"John Lederer’s 1669–1670 travels in Virginia and North Carolina offer one of the few detailed pictures of the region at that time. His account, however, has been viewed skeptically by scholars, particularly his claim that he visited a large lake nestled in the Appalachian Mountains. Although French and Spanish accounts of a lake also exist, none was subsequently found, and it is now generally considered to be a myth. The 2013 identification of the town of “Joara,” however, provides a potential new clue. If the town visited by Lederer, called “Sara,” was the same site or was located in the vicinity, his lake actually may have existed in western North Carolina, formed by episodic blockages of the French Broad River. If supported by geological or archeological evidence, this hypothesis would burnish Lederer’s image, but it would also require re-evaluation of current ethnohistorical views of the region.","PeriodicalId":40672,"journal":{"name":"Terrae Incognitae-The Journal of the Society for the History of Discoveries","volume":"53 1","pages":"219 - 246"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44605344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1948036
Mirela Altic
Though a large number of Jesuit missionaries were active in New France, the number of preserved Jesuit maps for this area is rather small. However, the extensive geographic knowledge gathered by the Jesuits in their field observations and through their communication with the local nations was not lost. Thanks to Jesuit accounts, their geographic information would soon find its way to European cartographers. Some of the most iconic printed maps of New France and North America included first-hand Jesuit knowledge. The influence of the explorations of French Jesuit explorers, such as Jérôme Lalemant, Saint Jean de Brébeuf, Francesco Giuseppe Bressani, Claude Dablon, Claude-Jean Allouez, Jacques Marquette, Pierre Raffeix, and Pierre-Michel Laure are clearly visible on numerous non-Jesuit maps produced in Canada and across Europe. The aim of this article is to trace Jesuit knowledge in numerous manuscript and printed maps compiled by non-Jesuit cartographers.
虽然有大量的耶稣会传教士活跃在新法兰西，但保存下来的耶稣会地图却很少。然而，耶稣会士在实地观察和与当地民族的交流中收集到的广泛的地理知识并没有丢失。多亏了耶稣会的记载，他们的地理信息很快就被欧洲制图师发现了。新法兰西和北美的一些最具代表性的印刷地图包含了第一手的耶稣会知识。法国耶稣会探险家的探索影响，如Jérôme Lalemant, Saint Jean de br beuf, Francesco Giuseppe Bressani, Claude Dablon, Claude-Jean Allouez, Jacques Marquette, Pierre Raffeix和Pierre- michel Laure，在加拿大和整个欧洲制作的许多非耶稣会地图上都清晰可见。这篇文章的目的是追溯耶稣会的知识在大量的手稿和印刷地图由非耶稣会的制图师编制。
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Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1947688
Mary McMichael Ritzlin
{"title":"Women in American Cartography An Invisible Social History","authors":"Mary McMichael Ritzlin","doi":"10.1080/00822884.2021.1947688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00822884.2021.1947688","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40672,"journal":{"name":"Terrae Incognitae-The Journal of the Society for the History of Discoveries","volume":"53 1","pages":"162 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00822884.2021.1947688","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48707080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1949213
R. Weiner
The circulation of knowledge is a central theme in exploration history scholarship, covered in works specifically on the theme and also broached in countless studies not dedicated specifically to it. Helge Jordheim, making comments about the focus of this area of research, observes, “Most studies of knowledge circulation, generally inspired by the call to ‘follow the actors,’ set out to trace the movements of certain practices or inscriptions from one site—in the widest possible sense of the word—to another.” While this is a sound observation, it can also be observed that some studies on the circulation of knowledge consider connected issues, such as the close relationship between the production of knowledge and its circulation, and also the impact of other forces (e.g. politics, which have been especially influential in the study of exploration history) on the circulation of knowledge. This broader approach that broaches interconnected issues suggests that there can be numerous facets, or components, to the study of the circulation of knowledge, one of which is the very fundamental issue of what constitutes knowledge, or analyzing what types of knowledge have been considered valuable and worthwhile to collect. A wide range of explorers, with distinct perspectives and interests, have recorded information about geography, climate, plants, animals, ethnography, society, natural resources, economy, politics, and more. Depending on time, place and historical circumstances, types of knowledge deemed valuable varied considerably—e.g. locating a Northwest passage through the Americas became more prominent starting at the end of the fifteenth century, and in the twentiethand
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Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1949674
Gene Rhea Tucker
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Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1947687
Luis A. Robles Macías
remains bound to cartography’s ideal to at least some degree. An interesting example of Edney’s analysis comes in his treatment of satirical mapping. The nineteenth-century examples like Mark Twain’s “Fortifications of Paris” and Lewis Carroll’s “The Hunting of the Snark” show that cartography had not yet reached a hegemonic status. In contrast, the twenty-firstcentury examples like Neil Gaiman’s Fragile Things provide evidence that both scholars and the public have begun to chip away at cartography’s place in spatial analysis. The book follows that modern cartography developed after European states widely adopted a singular methodology for all mapmaking in the 1790s. Researchers, therefore, may see some of the attitudes that cartography incorporated earlier in the eighteenth century. The acceptance of geometry as a unifying concept led cartography to become fully formed between the 1820s and 1850s, with European attempts to map much of the globe for their imperial ambitions. The early-twentieth century then saw cartography reach hegemony as mapmakers began using rules of numerical ratio outside of engineering. This process forced intellectual questions to shift from why people made maps to simply asking how people made them. Such a shift in thought took the importance of maps for granted and focused only on improving mapping techniques and technologies. With the development of postmodern critique and satellite image mapping in the twentieth century, academics have begun calling for cartography’s end. Edney states that scholars like Denis Wood, Timothy Barney, and William Rankin have already argued that cartography is a zombie project—a dead construct that continues in the present without realizing it has already died. Ultimately, Cartography serves as an opening to a much larger, three-part research project designed to offer an historical study of mapping and explain what mapping is and offer suggestions on how to study its history (see p. 7 and Edney’s website mappingasprocess.net for more in-depth descriptions). In this process, he calls upon map scholars to abandon even the word cartography for its reliance on imperial structures. Cartography offers only a singular meaning and method for mapping, and, therefore, different cultures must adapt their processes to it or be rejected from academic map study. Instead of this bleak uniform vision of the map, Edney offers readers a possible route to studying maps, plural both in the types of documents and in the cultural norms that create them.
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Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1947686
R. Barker
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Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1947685
Davd Buisseret
{"title":"How the West was Drawn: Mapping, Indians and the Construction of the Trans-Mississippi West","authors":"Davd Buisseret","doi":"10.1080/00822884.2021.1947685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00822884.2021.1947685","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40672,"journal":{"name":"Terrae Incognitae-The Journal of the Society for the History of Discoveries","volume":"53 1","pages":"158 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00822884.2021.1947685","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43754310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1953341
C. Sullivan
colonization” (p. 190). These poems serve as a tool for exporting European ideas and imperialism. Such linguistic and conceptual leaps may garner approving nods from lit-crit academics of a postmodernist/poststructuralist bent (Foucault, Derrida, Mignolo, and others of their ilk are approvingly quoted and cited throughout), but they are tougher for historians to accept. For example, Piechocki claims at one point (p. 115) that by joining a book about Europe and a book about Asia in one volume with the title Cosmographia in Asiae & Europae eleganti descriptione, “Tory forces the reader to halt before the toponyms displayed in the title and therefore contemplate the fine continental line emerging within the Eurasian territory.” Piechocki does not explain how she can know with such certainty that a mere title forced the early modern reader to both halt and contemplate the very borderlines she thinks they should be contemplating. In another place (p. 145), Piechocki asserts that the Greek myth of the rape of Europa is illustrative of a “(male) desire . . . to stake out virgin territory” and the “cartographer’s desire to mark territory in female shape/form,” rather than just a tale of lascivious Zues tailored to lusty Hellenic listeners. In her conclusion, like in her introduction, Piechocki proposes an interesting thesis: that Europe “was in the making in the early modern period” (p. 231) and it was “propelled by the emergence of a novel humanistic discipline: cartography” (p. 232). The arcane literary analyses she performs on bits of humanist texts, coupled with jargon-laden terminology and opaque syntax so beloved of literary theorists, do not really prove that intriguing thesis. The idea of Europe and continental difference can be found in maps, geographical writings, and even in poems and fictional works of the period without such convoluted contentions.
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