Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1949214
B. Gough
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Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1946647
Thomas Pierre Gidney
The turn of the nineteenth century saw an increasing encroachment of Russian explorations into and around isolationist Japan, culminating with the capture and imprisonment of Russian naval captain Vasily Golovnin in 1811. These Russian attempts to “open” Japan were a threat to the established contact between Japan and Europe through the Dutch base in Dejima at Nagasaki, which gave the Dutch a monopoly on relations and the transfer of knowledge between Japan and Europe. However, Russia’s imperial designs in the North Pacific and the Napoleonic wars, which reduced Dutch power, threatened this monopoly, offering new perspectives on Japan and throwing political relations with the Japanese Shogunate (Bakufu) into turmoil. This paper compares Dutch and Russian approaches to contact with Japan at the turn of the nineteenth century and examines how actions such as Golovnin’s imprisonment foreshadowed an end for Japanese isolationism and the Dutch monopoly on contact with the Shogunate.
{"title":"Bypassing the Dutch Monopoly of Relations with Japan: Vasily Golovnin’s Captivity (1811-1813)","authors":"Thomas Pierre Gidney","doi":"10.1080/00822884.2021.1946647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00822884.2021.1946647","url":null,"abstract":"The turn of the nineteenth century saw an increasing encroachment of Russian explorations into and around isolationist Japan, culminating with the capture and imprisonment of Russian naval captain Vasily Golovnin in 1811. These Russian attempts to “open” Japan were a threat to the established contact between Japan and Europe through the Dutch base in Dejima at Nagasaki, which gave the Dutch a monopoly on relations and the transfer of knowledge between Japan and Europe. However, Russia’s imperial designs in the North Pacific and the Napoleonic wars, which reduced Dutch power, threatened this monopoly, offering new perspectives on Japan and throwing political relations with the Japanese Shogunate (Bakufu) into turmoil. This paper compares Dutch and Russian approaches to contact with Japan at the turn of the nineteenth century and examines how actions such as Golovnin’s imprisonment foreshadowed an end for Japanese isolationism and the Dutch monopoly on contact with the Shogunate.","PeriodicalId":40672,"journal":{"name":"Terrae Incognitae-The Journal of the Society for the History of Discoveries","volume":"53 1","pages":"135 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00822884.2021.1946647","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42027175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1943792
P. Chiesa
The Cronica universalis written by the Milanese friar Galvaneus Flamma (it. Galvano Fiamma, d. c. 1345) contains an astonishing reference to a terra que dicitur Marckalada, situated west from Greenland. This land is recognizable as the Markland mentioned by some Icelandic sources and identified by scholars as some part of the Atlantic coast of North America. Galvaneus’s reference, probably derived by oral sources heard in Genoa, is the first mention of the American continent in the Mediterranean region, and gives evidence of the circulation (out of the Nordic area and 150 years before Columbus) of narratives about lands beyond Greenland. This article provides a transcription of the passage, explains its context in the Cronica universalis, compares it to the other (Nordic) references of Markland, and discusses the possible origin of Galvaneus’s mention of Markland in light of Galvaneus’s biography and working method.
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Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1891392
D. Buisseret
{"title":"Sea People: The Puzzle of Polynesia","authors":"D. Buisseret","doi":"10.1080/00822884.2021.1891392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00822884.2021.1891392","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40672,"journal":{"name":"Terrae Incognitae-The Journal of the Society for the History of Discoveries","volume":"53 1","pages":"80 - 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00822884.2021.1891392","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48578735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1891382
Louise M. Ratliff
language. Cohen observes that “Statistics from the late Ottoman period indicate that even those non-Muslims who attended imperial schools or secured government employment were less likely than Muslims to climb the ranks of the bureaucracy. Even more than other nonMuslim groups, Jews felt obstacles to entering state service, as few among them were proficient in Ottoman, the language of imperial officialdom” p. 11). Also, commanding Cohen’s attention and scholarly treatment are two events few historians have focused on before or since. One is the massacre of Armenians in 1896 in some neighborhoods of Istanbul. Cohen points to both Jewish protection of the Armenians and, at the same time, looting of their properties. She stresses the Jews’ ambivalence toward the event, given this ambiguity. The other event Cohen covers with equal, if not greater, attention is the state visit of Sultan Mehmet V in 1911 to Salonica used by the Jews to demonstrate their patriotism by contributing most of the 26 celebratory arches. These and Ottoman Jews’ other attempts to rise to the ranks of imperial citizens bore less than the desired fruit. Much of the reason was external to them, that is, beyond their control, namely, a period of turmoil which saw the war against Russia (1877–1878), against Greece over Crete (1897), in the Balkans, marked by the loss of Salonica to Greece in 1912, deteriorating economic conditions and governance as a whole, rising interest in socialism and Zionism, and emigration as a popular option. Cohen examines these and other events and their consequences in great depth, like Sir Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes, and presents them with the precision of a scientific writer like Isaac Asimov, and the skill of a dramatist like Shakespeare. Her big opus received numerous awards and prizes. This is not surprising. The book fills a void in Ottoman and Sephardi historiography—the ultimate aspiration of an academic work such as this. If it has any weaknesses, they stem from the book’s and its author’s strengths. They are, in a nutshell, the need for more—an update or follow-up. The Ottoman Empire gave way to a modern Turkey of 18 million people, a Turkey that now boasts 82 million whose identity, governance, politics, and alliances are still evolving. Meanwhile, its Sephardi population has dwindled from a peak of nearly a hundred thousand in the young Turkish Republic a century ago to a mere 15,000–20,000 today. What has becoming a Turk meant since becoming Ottomans was the question? What does it mean now? Fortunately for philo-Turks and Sephardi fans, Cohen is young, curious, and seemingly committed enough to provide answers ofthe same quality that she did in her Becoming Ottomans: Sephardi Jews and Imperial Citizenship in the Modern Era.
{"title":"Portrait of a Prospector: Edward Schieffelin’s Own Story","authors":"Louise M. Ratliff","doi":"10.1080/00822884.2021.1891382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00822884.2021.1891382","url":null,"abstract":"language. Cohen observes that “Statistics from the late Ottoman period indicate that even those non-Muslims who attended imperial schools or secured government employment were less likely than Muslims to climb the ranks of the bureaucracy. Even more than other nonMuslim groups, Jews felt obstacles to entering state service, as few among them were proficient in Ottoman, the language of imperial officialdom” p. 11). Also, commanding Cohen’s attention and scholarly treatment are two events few historians have focused on before or since. One is the massacre of Armenians in 1896 in some neighborhoods of Istanbul. Cohen points to both Jewish protection of the Armenians and, at the same time, looting of their properties. She stresses the Jews’ ambivalence toward the event, given this ambiguity. The other event Cohen covers with equal, if not greater, attention is the state visit of Sultan Mehmet V in 1911 to Salonica used by the Jews to demonstrate their patriotism by contributing most of the 26 celebratory arches. These and Ottoman Jews’ other attempts to rise to the ranks of imperial citizens bore less than the desired fruit. Much of the reason was external to them, that is, beyond their control, namely, a period of turmoil which saw the war against Russia (1877–1878), against Greece over Crete (1897), in the Balkans, marked by the loss of Salonica to Greece in 1912, deteriorating economic conditions and governance as a whole, rising interest in socialism and Zionism, and emigration as a popular option. Cohen examines these and other events and their consequences in great depth, like Sir Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes, and presents them with the precision of a scientific writer like Isaac Asimov, and the skill of a dramatist like Shakespeare. Her big opus received numerous awards and prizes. This is not surprising. The book fills a void in Ottoman and Sephardi historiography—the ultimate aspiration of an academic work such as this. If it has any weaknesses, they stem from the book’s and its author’s strengths. They are, in a nutshell, the need for more—an update or follow-up. The Ottoman Empire gave way to a modern Turkey of 18 million people, a Turkey that now boasts 82 million whose identity, governance, politics, and alliances are still evolving. Meanwhile, its Sephardi population has dwindled from a peak of nearly a hundred thousand in the young Turkish Republic a century ago to a mere 15,000–20,000 today. What has becoming a Turk meant since becoming Ottomans was the question? What does it mean now? Fortunately for philo-Turks and Sephardi fans, Cohen is young, curious, and seemingly committed enough to provide answers ofthe same quality that she did in her Becoming Ottomans: Sephardi Jews and Imperial Citizenship in the Modern Era.","PeriodicalId":40672,"journal":{"name":"Terrae Incognitae-The Journal of the Society for the History of Discoveries","volume":"53 1","pages":"69 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00822884.2021.1891382","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45384181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1891386
Mirela Altic
{"title":"Apostles of Empire: The Jesuits and New France","authors":"Mirela Altic","doi":"10.1080/00822884.2021.1891386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00822884.2021.1891386","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40672,"journal":{"name":"Terrae Incognitae-The Journal of the Society for the History of Discoveries","volume":"53 1","pages":"65 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00822884.2021.1891386","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49380657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1891387
Richard V. Francaviglia
{"title":"Texas Comanche Land Revisited","authors":"Richard V. Francaviglia","doi":"10.1080/00822884.2021.1891387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00822884.2021.1891387","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40672,"journal":{"name":"Terrae Incognitae-The Journal of the Society for the History of Discoveries","volume":"53 1","pages":"74 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00822884.2021.1891387","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45740121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1891390
C. Sullivan
{"title":"Sailing School: Navigating Science and Skill, 1550-1800","authors":"C. Sullivan","doi":"10.1080/00822884.2021.1891390","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00822884.2021.1891390","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40672,"journal":{"name":"Terrae Incognitae-The Journal of the Society for the History of Discoveries","volume":"53 1","pages":"78 - 79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00822884.2021.1891390","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48517137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1891383
J. Hattendorf
With more than 3,000 books and articles already written about the 1789 mutiny on the Bounty as well as feature films, novels, and plays, a reader might be forgiven for overlooking yet another. That...
{"title":"Mutiny, Mayhem, Mythology: Bounty’s Enigmatic Voyage","authors":"J. Hattendorf","doi":"10.1080/00822884.2021.1891383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00822884.2021.1891383","url":null,"abstract":"With more than 3,000 books and articles already written about the 1789 mutiny on the Bounty as well as feature films, novels, and plays, a reader might be forgiven for overlooking yet another. That...","PeriodicalId":40672,"journal":{"name":"Terrae Incognitae-The Journal of the Society for the History of Discoveries","volume":"53 1","pages":"71 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00822884.2021.1891383","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45729627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00822884.2021.1891369
C. Withers
This article contends that “disguise” has been both overlooked in studies of travel writing and is more complex than current studies suppose. The performance of disguise raises important questions about trust—in the traveler, in the truth of what is narrated, and in the knowledge gained in exploration. The article examines examples of disguise in action: nineteenth-century exploration; woman travelers dressing as men; use of scientific instruments by subterfuge. The article suggests that we must distinguish between the intention behind disguise, the forms taken in its performance, and the consequences of disguise. Rather than reject outright the truth claims of what, by the author’s own admission, was arrived at through deceit, the article argues that we must understand the reasons behind the adoption of disguise and that studies of travel writing should pay more attention to how and why disguise features in travel accounts and exploration narratives.
{"title":"Disguise—Trust and Truth in Travel Writing","authors":"C. Withers","doi":"10.1080/00822884.2021.1891369","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00822884.2021.1891369","url":null,"abstract":"This article contends that “disguise” has been both overlooked in studies of travel writing and is more complex than current studies suppose. The performance of disguise raises important questions about trust—in the traveler, in the truth of what is narrated, and in the knowledge gained in exploration. The article examines examples of disguise in action: nineteenth-century exploration; woman travelers dressing as men; use of scientific instruments by subterfuge. The article suggests that we must distinguish between the intention behind disguise, the forms taken in its performance, and the consequences of disguise. Rather than reject outright the truth claims of what, by the author’s own admission, was arrived at through deceit, the article argues that we must understand the reasons behind the adoption of disguise and that studies of travel writing should pay more attention to how and why disguise features in travel accounts and exploration narratives.","PeriodicalId":40672,"journal":{"name":"Terrae Incognitae-The Journal of the Society for the History of Discoveries","volume":"53 1","pages":"48 - 64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/00822884.2021.1891369","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47583796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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