Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijp.20221001.11
Suresh Muruganandam
Consciousness is very fundamental to human existence. It is one of the basic necessities for all the living creatures of the universe. It does not only assist human beings to experience both gross (table, chair, etc.) and subtle objects (hunger, thirst, feelings, etc.) of the world but also assist in acquiring knowledge about worldly affairs. Human beings acquire knowledge due to their mental representation of objects and concepts of the world. In this regard, the notion of ‘consciousness’ and the concept of ‘mental representation’ are interrelated with each other. The functionalists (computer scientists, cognitive scientists, neuroscientists, and others) suggest that a person’s body and brain are interrelated with each other due to the presence of consciousness in every part of body and brain. But they could not answer an important question, that is, in what ways body and brain of a person are connected to each other? This paper attempts to answer this question from a functionalist perspective. While answering this question, it argues that the emergence of consciousness in a person is not due to his/her brain functions, but due to the presence of ‘self’ in a person from birth to death.
{"title":"‘Consciousness’ and Brain Functions: A Re-look from Functionalist Perspective","authors":"Suresh Muruganandam","doi":"10.11648/j.ijp.20221001.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijp.20221001.11","url":null,"abstract":"Consciousness is very fundamental to human existence. It is one of the basic necessities for all the living creatures of the universe. It does not only assist human beings to experience both gross (table, chair, etc.) and subtle objects (hunger, thirst, feelings, etc.) of the world but also assist in acquiring knowledge about worldly affairs. Human beings acquire knowledge due to their mental representation of objects and concepts of the world. In this regard, the notion of ‘consciousness’ and the concept of ‘mental representation’ are interrelated with each other. The functionalists (computer scientists, cognitive scientists, neuroscientists, and others) suggest that a person’s body and brain are interrelated with each other due to the presence of consciousness in every part of body and brain. But they could not answer an important question, that is, in what ways body and brain of a person are connected to each other? This paper attempts to answer this question from a functionalist perspective. While answering this question, it argues that the emergence of consciousness in a person is not due to his/her brain functions, but due to the presence of ‘self’ in a person from birth to death.","PeriodicalId":40692,"journal":{"name":"Philosophia-International Journal of Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79808429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijp.20221001.12
Evert Manuel Dela Peňa Jr.
{"title":"Pandemic, Poverty and Corruption as a Concept of Broken World","authors":"Evert Manuel Dela Peňa Jr.","doi":"10.11648/j.ijp.20221001.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijp.20221001.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40692,"journal":{"name":"Philosophia-International Journal of Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72628825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijp.20221001.14
M. Mushfequr Rahman
The traditional conflict in epistemology has been between rationalism and empiricism. Philosophers have often tried to align themselves in one of these schools even though a close reading of some of their writings may suggest they may often have used both varyingly, one more than the other. This paper demonstrates that both rationalism and empiricism work together and are thus called the rational-empiric model. The paper extends the scope of the rational-empiric model to also evolving cognitive developments and other aspects of reasoning such as computational thought and makes an effort towards summarizing the nature of human reason by explaining the functional intellect and the structural brain since the time of Aristotle to date drawing from theology, philosophy, logic, computer science, and psychology. The paper presents the rationalempiric model in a broader in-depth context with supporting ideas and evidence. Various literature on theology, logic, philosophy, and psychology has been used to elaborate on the concepts. The paper concludes that the purpose of the rational empiric model is to discover knowledge by finding and understanding ontologies as they exist and function or as they ought to exist and function.
{"title":"The Rational-Empiric Model of the Functional Intellect and the Structural Brain","authors":"M. Mushfequr Rahman","doi":"10.11648/j.ijp.20221001.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijp.20221001.14","url":null,"abstract":"The traditional conflict in epistemology has been between rationalism and empiricism. Philosophers have often tried to align themselves in one of these schools even though a close reading of some of their writings may suggest they may often have used both varyingly, one more than the other. This paper demonstrates that both rationalism and empiricism work together and are thus called the rational-empiric model. The paper extends the scope of the rational-empiric model to also evolving cognitive developments and other aspects of reasoning such as computational thought and makes an effort towards summarizing the nature of human reason by explaining the functional intellect and the structural brain since the time of Aristotle to date drawing from theology, philosophy, logic, computer science, and psychology. The paper presents the rationalempiric model in a broader in-depth context with supporting ideas and evidence. Various literature on theology, logic, philosophy, and psychology has been used to elaborate on the concepts. The paper concludes that the purpose of the rational empiric model is to discover knowledge by finding and understanding ontologies as they exist and function or as they ought to exist and function.","PeriodicalId":40692,"journal":{"name":"Philosophia-International Journal of Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89572164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijp.20221002.16
Shi Jing
{"title":"The Logical Study of Non-Well-Founded Set and Circulation Phenomenon","authors":"Shi Jing","doi":"10.11648/j.ijp.20221002.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijp.20221002.16","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40692,"journal":{"name":"Philosophia-International Journal of Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87491276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijp.20221004.13
Azhari Aziz Samudra, Setia Budi, Tri Kurnia Dewi
{"title":"Revealing the Hidden Treasures of Reason and the Brain: An Analysis Based on the Thinking of Philosophers and Scientists","authors":"Azhari Aziz Samudra, Setia Budi, Tri Kurnia Dewi","doi":"10.11648/j.ijp.20221004.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijp.20221004.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40692,"journal":{"name":"Philosophia-International Journal of Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75221880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-30DOI: 10.11648/j.ijp.20210904.12
Johnson Uchenna Ozioko
The question of religious experience constitutes one of the most topical issues in contemporary philosophical reflections on religion. The multiplicity and diversity of beliefs and religious phenomena have rendered any attempt at arriving at a consensus on the meaning of spiritual experience and on what experiences legitimately fall within its purview an arduous task. This essay explores the nature of religious experience in African Traditional Religion. The African finds himself in a sacred universe where he is inextricably immersed in a network of relationships. He constantly relates with spiritual, animate, and inanimate beings which overtly or covertly affect his life and well-being in the world. Since each being in the hierarchy has some religious significance, his spiritual experience may broadly be construed in terms of the experience he makes of all these beings, which together make up his sacred universe. In the more strict sense, it is the religious subject’s experience of the spiritual beings in his religious world, and this takes multiple dimensions. Beginning with a clarification of the meaning of African Traditional Religion, the essay presents theAfrican traditional religious pantheon, enunciates what constitutes spiritual experience in African Traditional Religion, its understanding, and its multifaceted expressions.
{"title":"Religious Experience: The Perspective of African Traditional Religion","authors":"Johnson Uchenna Ozioko","doi":"10.11648/j.ijp.20210904.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijp.20210904.12","url":null,"abstract":"The question of religious experience constitutes one of the most topical issues in contemporary philosophical reflections on religion. The multiplicity and diversity of beliefs and religious phenomena have rendered any attempt at arriving at a consensus on the meaning of spiritual experience and on what experiences legitimately fall within its purview an arduous task. This essay explores the nature of religious experience in African Traditional Religion. The African finds himself in a sacred universe where he is inextricably immersed in a network of relationships. He constantly relates with spiritual, animate, and inanimate beings which overtly or covertly affect his life and well-being in the world. Since each being in the hierarchy has some religious significance, his spiritual experience may broadly be construed in terms of the experience he makes of all these beings, which together make up his sacred universe. In the more strict sense, it is the religious subject’s experience of the spiritual beings in his religious world, and this takes multiple dimensions. Beginning with a clarification of the meaning of African Traditional Religion, the essay presents theAfrican traditional religious pantheon, enunciates what constitutes spiritual experience in African Traditional Religion, its understanding, and its multifaceted expressions.","PeriodicalId":40692,"journal":{"name":"Philosophia-International Journal of Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77582941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-29DOI: 10.11648/J.IJP.20210904.11
R. Effendi
Islamic philosophy as has been understood has introduced a theory of how knowledge works within the framework of divinity. It is not surprising that Islamic philosophy has religious nuances in the frame of tawhīd. Even so, it does not mean that Islamic philosophy only dwells in the theoretical-metaphysical realm. But also has a relationship with natural and social science theory both theoretically and practically. This is explained in the Mulla Sadra philosophy. Through the argument of substantial motion and soul, Sadra explains comprehensively that Islamic philosophy can become part of science as a whole as a new paradigm. This also does not mean looking for excuses and apologies that Islamic philosophy has never spoken about science explicitly. With this concept Sadra shows that nature is moving in every moment there is always a change in both accident and substance. Humans who consist of body and soul also experience changes at all times. These two things show the existence of impermanence in nature both materially and immaterially. In this case, Sadra includes a mystical vision that nature as a large series (macrocosm) and humans as a small series (microcosm) always undergo substantial changes towards perfection. The perfection of nature is manifested in the form of a state that is always updated. Human perfection is manifested in how humans become fully human. At least from Sadra thinking, it can be a meeting point in the context of integrating empirical-positivist science with metaphysical ratios, as well as becoming a new paradigm in initiating holistic scholarship. This research is a qualitative research based on library research using descriptive-analytical and exploratory methods. Then use a holistic approach to see a new, broader paradigm. In the end, the idea of Sadra can be used as an alternative paradigm in solving complex modern human crises.
{"title":"Mulla Sadra Philosophy: An Alternative Paradigm on Issues of Science and Nature","authors":"R. Effendi","doi":"10.11648/J.IJP.20210904.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJP.20210904.11","url":null,"abstract":"Islamic philosophy as has been understood has introduced a theory of how knowledge works within the framework of divinity. It is not surprising that Islamic philosophy has religious nuances in the frame of tawhīd. Even so, it does not mean that Islamic philosophy only dwells in the theoretical-metaphysical realm. But also has a relationship with natural and social science theory both theoretically and practically. This is explained in the Mulla Sadra philosophy. Through the argument of substantial motion and soul, Sadra explains comprehensively that Islamic philosophy can become part of science as a whole as a new paradigm. This also does not mean looking for excuses and apologies that Islamic philosophy has never spoken about science explicitly. With this concept Sadra shows that nature is moving in every moment there is always a change in both accident and substance. Humans who consist of body and soul also experience changes at all times. These two things show the existence of impermanence in nature both materially and immaterially. In this case, Sadra includes a mystical vision that nature as a large series (macrocosm) and humans as a small series (microcosm) always undergo substantial changes towards perfection. The perfection of nature is manifested in the form of a state that is always updated. Human perfection is manifested in how humans become fully human. At least from Sadra thinking, it can be a meeting point in the context of integrating empirical-positivist science with metaphysical ratios, as well as becoming a new paradigm in initiating holistic scholarship. This research is a qualitative research based on library research using descriptive-analytical and exploratory methods. Then use a holistic approach to see a new, broader paradigm. In the end, the idea of Sadra can be used as an alternative paradigm in solving complex modern human crises.","PeriodicalId":40692,"journal":{"name":"Philosophia-International Journal of Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-10-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76997931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-30DOI: 10.11648/J.IJP.20210903.17
Dinh Van Chi
Vietnam Fatherland Front is a political coalition organization representing all classes, social strata, ethnic groups, religions in Vietnam as well as Vietnamese overseas. One of the important tasks of this organization is to bring into full play the people’s mastery. The present study aims to analyze the role of the Vietnam Fatherland Front in establishing a socialist democracy in Ho Chi Minh City during the renovation period. Specifically, it examines the situation of promoting the role of The Vietnam Fatherland Front in Ho Chi Minh City in the exercise of the democratic regulations at the grassroots level, contributing to the establishment of socialist democracy in Viet Nam. To obtain the research objectives, the author gives the hypothesis that the Vietnam Fatherland Front in Ho Chi Minh City is the political base of the people's government. It expresses the will, aspiration, and the great unity bloc of the entire people to promote the people's mastery, consult, coordinate and unify the actions of its members, contributing to the establishment of socialist democracy in Ho Chi Minh City. The author has used scientific research methods such as analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, abstraction and generalization, logic and history, and comparison to come to the findings and recommendations of the study. The results of the study show that the Vietnam Fatherland Front plays a very important role in creating the people's great unity bloc, promoting the people's right to mastery, conducting consultations, and coordinating and unifying actions among its members in the cause of national construction and defense.
{"title":"The Role of the Vietnam Fatherland Front in Establishing Socialist Democracy in Ho Chi Minh City in Renovation Period","authors":"Dinh Van Chi","doi":"10.11648/J.IJP.20210903.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJP.20210903.17","url":null,"abstract":"Vietnam Fatherland Front is a political coalition organization representing all classes, social strata, ethnic groups, religions in Vietnam as well as Vietnamese overseas. One of the important tasks of this organization is to bring into full play the people’s mastery. The present study aims to analyze the role of the Vietnam Fatherland Front in establishing a socialist democracy in Ho Chi Minh City during the renovation period. Specifically, it examines the situation of promoting the role of The Vietnam Fatherland Front in Ho Chi Minh City in the exercise of the democratic regulations at the grassroots level, contributing to the establishment of socialist democracy in Viet Nam. To obtain the research objectives, the author gives the hypothesis that the Vietnam Fatherland Front in Ho Chi Minh City is the political base of the people's government. It expresses the will, aspiration, and the great unity bloc of the entire people to promote the people's mastery, consult, coordinate and unify the actions of its members, contributing to the establishment of socialist democracy in Ho Chi Minh City. The author has used scientific research methods such as analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, abstraction and generalization, logic and history, and comparison to come to the findings and recommendations of the study. The results of the study show that the Vietnam Fatherland Front plays a very important role in creating the people's great unity bloc, promoting the people's right to mastery, conducting consultations, and coordinating and unifying actions among its members in the cause of national construction and defense.","PeriodicalId":40692,"journal":{"name":"Philosophia-International Journal of Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78528827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-19DOI: 10.11648/j.ijp.20210903.12
François-Igor Pris (И. Е. Прись)
I suggest a contextual realist interpretation of Carlo Rovelli’s relational quantum mechanics. The principal point is a correct understanding of the concept of reality and taking into account the categorical distinction between the ideal and the real. Within my interpretation, consciousness of the observer does not play any metaphysical role. The proposed approach can also be understood as a return to the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, corrected within the framework of contextual realism. The contextual realism allows one to get rid of the metaphysical problems encountered by various interpretations of quantum mechanics, including the relational one. A wave function neither literally reflects an “exterior reality”, nor is it merely a predictive mathematical tool. In particular, an entangled wave function can be viewed as the formal cause of quantum correlations whose reality is contextual. The reduction of a wave function is not a real physical process. And there are no autonomous quantum events which would be different from the facts of their representation. The quantum measurement problem results from a confusion between the categories of the ideal and the real. It is dissolved logically. The quantum theory plays the role of a Wittgensteinian rule (norm), “measuring” physical reality within a language game of its application.
{"title":"Contextual Realism and the Real Meaning of Quantum Mechanics","authors":"François-Igor Pris (И. Е. Прись)","doi":"10.11648/j.ijp.20210903.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijp.20210903.12","url":null,"abstract":"I suggest a contextual realist interpretation of Carlo Rovelli’s relational quantum mechanics. The principal point is a correct understanding of the concept of reality and taking into account the categorical distinction between the ideal and the real. Within my interpretation, consciousness of the observer does not play any metaphysical role. The proposed approach can also be understood as a return to the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, corrected within the framework of contextual realism. The contextual realism allows one to get rid of the metaphysical problems encountered by various interpretations of quantum mechanics, including the relational one. A wave function neither literally reflects an “exterior reality”, nor is it merely a predictive mathematical tool. In particular, an entangled wave function can be viewed as the formal cause of quantum correlations whose reality is contextual. The reduction of a wave function is not a real physical process. And there are no autonomous quantum events which would be different from the facts of their representation. The quantum measurement problem results from a confusion between the categories of the ideal and the real. It is dissolved logically. The quantum theory plays the role of a Wittgensteinian rule (norm), “measuring” physical reality within a language game of its application.","PeriodicalId":40692,"journal":{"name":"Philosophia-International Journal of Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80928791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.11648/j.ijp.20210903.11
Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman
The motivation to write a paper on the general nature of science comes from the scientific nature of Quran, which has been a guidance and help in revealing that science is an ontological and teleological construct which the Quran supports. A much-needed discussion of science had to be done because the trend among the people today suggest anything remotely sounding science has become a substituting value for religion and God. People have started believing rather blindly, in science without really understanding what it is, how it works and its limitations. What is science and what is the purpose of science? This paper explains the answers of the question and help reader understand the difference between science and pseudoscience which often people mistake as one. It explains the difference from example of macroevolution, single common ancestor and natural selection. The discussion also elaborates on the essential foundations of science that makes science, science. At the end, the paper elaborates why science cannot be used to ascertain moral truths. The discussion has been analytical in nature rooted in classic literature of philosophy of science and sociology. The readers will come to appreciate the fine principles of science and it’s limitations in revealing scientific truths.
{"title":"Understanding Science and Preventing It from Becoming Pseudoscience","authors":"Mohammad Mushfequr Rahman","doi":"10.11648/j.ijp.20210903.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijp.20210903.11","url":null,"abstract":"The motivation to write a paper on the general nature of science comes from the scientific nature of Quran, which has been a guidance and help in revealing that science is an ontological and teleological construct which the Quran supports. A much-needed discussion of science had to be done because the trend among the people today suggest anything remotely sounding science has become a substituting value for religion and God. People have started believing rather blindly, in science without really understanding what it is, how it works and its limitations. What is science and what is the purpose of science? This paper explains the answers of the question and help reader understand the difference between science and pseudoscience which often people mistake as one. It explains the difference from example of macroevolution, single common ancestor and natural selection. The discussion also elaborates on the essential foundations of science that makes science, science. At the end, the paper elaborates why science cannot be used to ascertain moral truths. The discussion has been analytical in nature rooted in classic literature of philosophy of science and sociology. The readers will come to appreciate the fine principles of science and it’s limitations in revealing scientific truths.","PeriodicalId":40692,"journal":{"name":"Philosophia-International Journal of Philosophy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76438991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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