Pub Date : 2023-09-18DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2023.03.08
O. P. Voitiuk, B. Pryshchepa
Until recently, the Khotyn hillfort was an under-researched monument of medieval defensive construction in Pohorynna. Its dating remained debatable, and although on the site of this fortification as early as the first half of the 20th century materials from the pre-Mongol era were collected, in the catalogs of hillforts of the 10th—13th centuries there is no information about him. The Khotyn settlement is located on a promontory on the high left bank of the Horyn river. The site, surrounded by an earthen embankment, has a pear-shaped plan with dimensions of 110 Ч (45—65) m, rises above the river floodplain by 9—10 m. The arrow of the cape has the appearance of a separate hill in the form of a truncated cone, its top is rounded, horizontal, with a diameter of 7—8 m. The cultural layer has a thickness of up to 0.75—0.85 m. Thanks to the excavations carried out in 2020—2021, new archaeological sources were obtained, which testify to the existence of settlements here in the Bronze Age, the Early Iron Age, as well as in the Middle Ages. Three stages of settlement of the monument in the Middle Ages are distinguished: early (10th — beginning of the 11th century); middle (middle of the 12th—13th centuries); late (15th — first half of the 16th century). Features of the planning of the Khotyn hillfort (a fortified site with an area of 0.6 hectares and a separate rise in the form of a truncated cone with a rounded platform on the top) allow us to conclude that the Slavic hillfort of the end of the 1st millennium BC. in the 13th century was rebuilt into a castle of the «motte and bailey» type (a hill with a tower and a yard).
{"title":"RESEARCH RESULTS OF THE MEDIEVAL SETTLEMENT IN THE VILLAGE OF KHOTYN IN HORYN","authors":"O. P. Voitiuk, B. Pryshchepa","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2023.03.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2023.03.08","url":null,"abstract":"Until recently, the Khotyn hillfort was an under-researched monument of medieval defensive construction in Pohorynna. Its dating remained debatable, and although on the site of this fortification as early as the first half of the 20th century materials from the pre-Mongol era were collected, in the catalogs of hillforts of the 10th—13th centuries there is no information about him. The Khotyn settlement is located on a promontory on the high left bank of the Horyn river. The site, surrounded by an earthen embankment, has a pear-shaped plan with dimensions of 110 Ч (45—65) m, rises above the river floodplain by 9—10 m. The arrow of the cape has the appearance of a separate hill in the form of a truncated cone, its top is rounded, horizontal, with a diameter of 7—8 m. The cultural layer has a thickness of up to 0.75—0.85 m. Thanks to the excavations carried out in 2020—2021, new archaeological sources were obtained, which testify to the existence of settlements here in the Bronze Age, the Early Iron Age, as well as in the Middle Ages. Three stages of settlement of the monument in the Middle Ages are distinguished: early (10th — beginning of the 11th century); middle (middle of the 12th—13th centuries); late (15th — first half of the 16th century). Features of the planning of the Khotyn hillfort (a fortified site with an area of 0.6 hectares and a separate rise in the form of a truncated cone with a rounded platform on the top) allow us to conclude that the Slavic hillfort of the end of the 1st millennium BC. in the 13th century was rebuilt into a castle of the «motte and bailey» type (a hill with a tower and a yard).","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139339269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-16DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2023.03.16
D. Kushtan, S. Gorbanenko
This paper introduces the materials from archaeological explorations in 2022 at Gagarina str. 60 in Cherkasy. This area belongs to Cherkasy Podil (Lower Town) located in 200 m from the Lithuanian time castle at Dzelegora. Semi-pit-house or pit-storage (dwelling 2) dated to the beginning of 15th century is one of the most interesting features revealed by the excavations. The Feature is dated to the time when Cherkasy was shifted from a small border town of Podil principality (Lithuanian vassal) to an important administrative center of the Great Lithuanian Kingdom. The dwelling was destroyed in fire which caused the preservation of its wooden construction including the wall coverage. Complex of finds composed of wooden and ceramic vessels, tannery’s threshing machine, handle of a huge bucket, scythe, needle, knife and bronze icon-amulet comes from the feature’s floor and filling. Charcoaled seeds were found on the floor of this dwelling. These are represented by rye (Secale cereale). The other domesticated plants were not found. We may note an admixture of weed looking similar to Convolvulus arvensis which is counted at 1.5 %. The latter estimate indicates the net cereal yield. Rye is a widely spread cereal. Its significance is underlined by the symbolic meaning in folk songs and expressions. Rye is a symbol of a good harvest and richness. Burning of the dwelling may be explained by either the unintentional burning, or the military aggression. The latter may be indirectly confirmed by the arrowhead found in the filling of the dwelling. The analyzed feature is important in the study of subsistence and material culture of the «Lithuanian» period in the region.
{"title":"UTILITY COMPLEX OF THE EARLY 15Th century FROM CHERKASY PODIL","authors":"D. Kushtan, S. Gorbanenko","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2023.03.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2023.03.16","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the materials from archaeological explorations in 2022 at Gagarina str. 60 in Cherkasy. This area belongs to Cherkasy Podil (Lower Town) located in 200 m from the Lithuanian time castle at Dzelegora. Semi-pit-house or pit-storage (dwelling 2) dated to the beginning of 15th century is one of the most interesting features revealed by the excavations. The Feature is dated to the time when Cherkasy was shifted from a small border town of Podil principality (Lithuanian vassal) to an important administrative center of the Great Lithuanian Kingdom. The dwelling was destroyed in fire which caused the preservation of its wooden construction including the wall coverage. Complex of finds composed of wooden and ceramic vessels, tannery’s threshing machine, handle of a huge bucket, scythe, needle, knife and bronze icon-amulet comes from the feature’s floor and filling. Charcoaled seeds were found on the floor of this dwelling. These are represented by rye (Secale cereale). The other domesticated plants were not found. We may note an admixture of weed looking similar to Convolvulus arvensis which is counted at 1.5 %. The latter estimate indicates the net cereal yield. Rye is a widely spread cereal. Its significance is underlined by the symbolic meaning in folk songs and expressions. Rye is a symbol of a good harvest and richness. Burning of the dwelling may be explained by either the unintentional burning, or the military aggression. The latter may be indirectly confirmed by the arrowhead found in the filling of the dwelling. The analyzed feature is important in the study of subsistence and material culture of the «Lithuanian» period in the region.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"91 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139339451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-31DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2023.03.11
А. P. Tomashevskyi, А. V. Borysov, V. Hnera, А. V. Korol, V. М. Mysak
The history of research and the issues of research and protection of wood-earth embankments in the Middle Dnipro region known as Zmiievi Valy (the Dragon Ramparts) are reviewed in the paper. The history of the study of this type of archaeological site is briefly described. In the 19th century, the ramparts were described by several researchers. In the second half of the 20th century, the ramparts were explored by M. P. Kuchera. The research lasted 10 years. As a result of field work, the main characteristics of the constructions are described. The paper presents an outline of the scientific issues of Zmiievi Valy and the defense system of princely Kyiv. The problem of using a separate topo-geodetic service during the construction of a defense system is considered. The main methods of interaction and strengthening of defense lines and the surrounding landscape are outlined. Tasks for future research are set and their prospects are outlined. The connection of the theme of the Zmiievi Valy with many areas of work with the cultural heritage of Ukraine is shown. The main parameters of the future research and protection program are briefly outlined. Among the tasks of the program are the following: 1) Digitization of all scientific publications and archival materials related to the topic of Zmiievi Valy; 2) Collection and digitization of various cartographic and visual materials; 3) Development and implementation of measures for the protection of Zmiievi Valy. Monitoring of the current state of each line of shafts. A comprehensive survey of not only the remains of the ramparts and the surrounding area. 4) Drawing up a management plan for Zmiievi Valy; 5) Development of an advocacy campaign on the subject of Zmiievi Valy; 6) Creation of a unique geo-informational atlas of defense structures and surrounding space. Specific models of the landscape will contribute to the study of various aspects of the functioning of Kyiv’s defense system. Application of information modeling will allow us to move away from abstract statements in the field of military history. Zmiievi Valy as a complex sites that have given birth to a certain mythology around them and are wrapped in an ancient local oral folk and cabinet history tradition, still influence the present and have a significant potential to enrich our future.
{"title":"ZMIEVY VALY. THE PRESENT: SCIENTIFIC ISSUES, TASKS AND PERSPECTIVES","authors":"А. P. Tomashevskyi, А. V. Borysov, V. Hnera, А. V. Korol, V. М. Mysak","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2023.03.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2023.03.11","url":null,"abstract":"The history of research and the issues of research and protection of wood-earth embankments in the Middle Dnipro region known as Zmiievi Valy (the Dragon Ramparts) are reviewed in the paper. The history of the study of this type of archaeological site is briefly described. In the 19th century, the ramparts were described by several researchers. In the second half of the 20th century, the ramparts were explored by M. P. Kuchera. The research lasted 10 years. As a result of field work, the main characteristics of the constructions are described. The paper presents an outline of the scientific issues of Zmiievi Valy and the defense system of princely Kyiv. The problem of using a separate topo-geodetic service during the construction of a defense system is considered. The main methods of interaction and strengthening of defense lines and the surrounding landscape are outlined. Tasks for future research are set and their prospects are outlined. The connection of the theme of the Zmiievi Valy with many areas of work with the cultural heritage of Ukraine is shown. The main parameters of the future research and protection program are briefly outlined. Among the tasks of the program are the following: 1) Digitization of all scientific publications and archival materials related to the topic of Zmiievi Valy; 2) Collection and digitization of various cartographic and visual materials; 3) Development and implementation of measures for the protection of Zmiievi Valy. Monitoring of the current state of each line of shafts. A comprehensive survey of not only the remains of the ramparts and the surrounding area. 4) Drawing up a management plan for Zmiievi Valy; 5) Development of an advocacy campaign on the subject of Zmiievi Valy; 6) Creation of a unique geo-informational atlas of defense structures and surrounding space. Specific models of the landscape will contribute to the study of various aspects of the functioning of Kyiv’s defense system. Application of information modeling will allow us to move away from abstract statements in the field of military history. Zmiievi Valy as a complex sites that have given birth to a certain mythology around them and are wrapped in an ancient local oral folk and cabinet history tradition, still influence the present and have a significant potential to enrich our future.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139353113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-19DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2023.03.13
S. Pavlenko
The article attempts to summarize the existing published and known archival sources on the history of the Narodychі town, located in the north of Zhytomyr Region. The results of archaeological research of the town are also generalize, carried out in 1925—1927, 2013 and 2020. It is mistakenly considered that Narodychi were first made known in the revision of the Ovruch castle in 1545. In fact, Narodychi, as a domain or benefice of the Yelеts noble family, are mentioned in official documents from the 3rd quarter of the 15th century. At the beginning of the 17th century Narodychi grow into a town in which a wooden and earthen castle is built. During the 16th—18th centuries, Narodychі was successively owned to the noble families of Yeltsy, Fox-Potocki and Pavshi. After the divisions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the town was expropriated to the treasury of the Russian Empire. The first archaeological researches on the territory of the town were conducted Ivan Levytskyi in 1925—1927. He explored and described the remains of three fortifications in the center of Narodychi, an adjacent unfortified settlement and a burial mound. The results of these studies remained unpublished. The latest archaeological researches of the town were conducted under the author’s direction. During the explorations in 2013, the ancient fortifications sites were identified, the historical topography of the town was clarified, and numerous ceramic materials from the Old Rus’ period, the post-Mongol era, the Middle Ages, and the Early Modern times were found. There were stationary works on the area of fortifications in summer of 2020. As a result, the strength and degree of preservation of cultural layers were clarified, the remains of archaeological objects were recorded (a cellar with artifacts of the 2nd part of 17th century, a wood-chemical production facility, a roaster), the assumptions about the settlement of the central part of Narodychi in the Old Rus’ period were confirmed, data on almost continuous development of town in the Middle Ages was obtained, promising areas for further archaeological research were determined.
{"title":"NARODYCHI IN THE MIDDLE AGES","authors":"S. Pavlenko","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2023.03.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2023.03.13","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to summarize the existing published and known archival sources on the history of the Narodychі town, located in the north of Zhytomyr Region. The results of archaeological research of the town are also generalize, carried out in 1925—1927, 2013 and 2020. It is mistakenly considered that Narodychi were first made known in the revision of the Ovruch castle in 1545. In fact, Narodychi, as a domain or benefice of the Yelеts noble family, are mentioned in official documents from the 3rd quarter of the 15th century. At the beginning of the 17th century Narodychi grow into a town in which a wooden and earthen castle is built. During the 16th—18th centuries, Narodychі was successively owned to the noble families of Yeltsy, Fox-Potocki and Pavshi. After the divisions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, the town was expropriated to the treasury of the Russian Empire. The first archaeological researches on the territory of the town were conducted Ivan Levytskyi in 1925—1927. He explored and described the remains of three fortifications in the center of Narodychi, an adjacent unfortified settlement and a burial mound. The results of these studies remained unpublished. The latest archaeological researches of the town were conducted under the author’s direction. During the explorations in 2013, the ancient fortifications sites were identified, the historical topography of the town was clarified, and numerous ceramic materials from the Old Rus’ period, the post-Mongol era, the Middle Ages, and the Early Modern times were found. There were stationary works on the area of fortifications in summer of 2020. As a result, the strength and degree of preservation of cultural layers were clarified, the remains of archaeological objects were recorded (a cellar with artifacts of the 2nd part of 17th century, a wood-chemical production facility, a roaster), the assumptions about the settlement of the central part of Narodychi in the Old Rus’ period were confirmed, data on almost continuous development of town in the Middle Ages was obtained, promising areas for further archaeological research were determined.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139357745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2023.03.17
S. O. Sorokin, Y. M. Sytyi
У статті зроблено історіографічний огляд вивчення питання передісторії давньоруського Чернігова. Розглянуто різні думки та гіпотези дослідників про існування у VІІ—ІХ ст. на території центральної частини міста поселень різних культур. Проаналізовано знайдені археологічні матеріали та їх датування. У результаті аналізу автори дійшли висновку, що на сьогодні немає одностайно визначених і доведених ознак існування в історичній частині Чернігова сіверянського поселення напередодні появи Давньоруської держави.
{"title":"ЩЕ РАЗ ПРО «СІВЕРЯНСЬКИЙ» ЧЕРНІГІВ","authors":"S. O. Sorokin, Y. M. Sytyi","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2023.03.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2023.03.17","url":null,"abstract":"У статті зроблено історіографічний огляд вивчення питання передісторії давньоруського Чернігова. Розглянуто різні думки та гіпотези дослідників про існування у VІІ—ІХ ст. на території центральної частини міста поселень різних культур. Проаналізовано знайдені археологічні матеріали та їх датування. У результаті аналізу автори дійшли висновку, що на сьогодні немає одностайно визначених і доведених ознак існування в історичній частині Чернігова сіверянського поселення напередодні появи Давньоруської держави.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-30DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2023.03.04
L. І. Bilynska, Y. Volodarets-Urbanovych
The paper contains information about Early Medieval jewelry and parts of bladed weapons from the Sumy region, discovered in the sites and assemblages of the Penkivka and Kolochyn cultures. In total, the information on seven points was collected where twenty four finds occurred. The conditions of finding, typological definition and circle of analogies are determined. These materials supplement the information about the Early Medieval hoards of the Martynivka circle from the Sumy region which were given to the storages of the museums. Adornments from Kolochyn culture presented by finds from Velyki Budky hillfort and settlement, Bezdryk barrow cemetery, Krasne 4 and Mala Rybytsia settlements. There are also two burials with jewelry of «antiquities of the Ants circle» known in Sumy region: Berezivka and Riabivka 3. Decorations from Penkivka culture presented by finds from Riabivka 3. All finds presented by radiate-headed fibulas, bracelets, belt sets and beads. Parts of bladed weapons presented by two cross-guards from Kolochyn culture sites — hillfort Velyki Budky and settlement Krasne 4. These finds either belong to the early stages of the existence of Early Medieval Slavic antiquities or find analogies among the decorations characteristic of the hoards of the Martynivka circle. Finds from the Krasne 4 settlement (buckle and cross-guard) and cross-guard from the Velyki Budky settlement belong to the early stage of the Kolochyn culture. The burial from Berezivka can be dated to the late 6th century, and the burials from Riabivka 3 to the second half of the 7th century. Most of the individual adornments have analogies among the decorations characteristic of the hoards of the Martynivka circle. Jewelry from these hoards dates from the second half of 6th — the late 7th century. And deposition into the earth occurs in the middle — third quarter of the 7th century.
{"title":"ADORNMENTS AND ARMS FROM THE EARLY MEDIEVAL SITES IN SUMY REGION: COMPILING THE CATALOG OF FINDINGS","authors":"L. І. Bilynska, Y. Volodarets-Urbanovych","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2023.03.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2023.03.04","url":null,"abstract":"The paper contains information about Early Medieval jewelry and parts of bladed weapons from the Sumy region, discovered in the sites and assemblages of the Penkivka and Kolochyn cultures. In total, the information on seven points was collected where twenty four finds occurred. The conditions of finding, typological definition and circle of analogies are determined. These materials supplement the information about the Early Medieval hoards of the Martynivka circle from the Sumy region which were given to the storages of the museums. Adornments from Kolochyn culture presented by finds from Velyki Budky hillfort and settlement, Bezdryk barrow cemetery, Krasne 4 and Mala Rybytsia settlements. There are also two burials with jewelry of «antiquities of the Ants circle» known in Sumy region: Berezivka and Riabivka 3. Decorations from Penkivka culture presented by finds from Riabivka 3. All finds presented by radiate-headed fibulas, bracelets, belt sets and beads. Parts of bladed weapons presented by two cross-guards from Kolochyn culture sites — hillfort Velyki Budky and settlement Krasne 4. These finds either belong to the early stages of the existence of Early Medieval Slavic antiquities or find analogies among the decorations characteristic of the hoards of the Martynivka circle. Finds from the Krasne 4 settlement (buckle and cross-guard) and cross-guard from the Velyki Budky settlement belong to the early stage of the Kolochyn culture. The burial from Berezivka can be dated to the late 6th century, and the burials from Riabivka 3 to the second half of the 7th century. Most of the individual adornments have analogies among the decorations characteristic of the hoards of the Martynivka circle. Jewelry from these hoards dates from the second half of 6th — the late 7th century. And deposition into the earth occurs in the middle — third quarter of the 7th century.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139366293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-29DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2023.03.18
H. Kozubovskyi
In the paper the author attempts to analyze the little-known monetary units of the 12th century mentioned in the grafito 25 from St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv. Grafito was discovered in the Apostles’ side-chapel of the Cathedral by Ukrainian researcher Dr. Sergey Vysotsky. Grafito reports about the purchase of «Boyan’s land» by Vsevolozha Princess for «seventy grivny sobolii» or «seven hundred dranits». There is no consensus on the dating of the inscription in historiography, different authors date it since the early until the second part of 12th century (identified with the widow of Vsevolod Olgovich, who died in 1179 or second wife of Vsevolod Yaroslavich, after 1111). The analysis of written sources, linguistic, numismatic and archeological data allows the author to suppose the equivalent of «dranits» and Byzantine scyphate (concave) gold coins. Money hoards and single finds show the important part of the golden Byzantine scyphate coins of 12th—14th centuries in the economic and cultural life in the Rus. Such coins are absolutely dominated in the finds of the gold coins in Ukrainian lands. Treasures with gold Byzantine coins of 11th—12th centuries were found with decorations and the gold ingots and silver grivnas in Kyiv (once near St. Sophia Cathedral). Byzantine gold coins with different gold purity were brought to Rus and were the main source for the gold ingot and decoration. Byzantine gold coins appeared to be the main currency in the international transactions but also in the local large payments in Rus. The monetary systems of the Old Rus principalities were established on the basis of the Byzantine monetary system. Litra of gold was fixed in the Old Rus sources.
{"title":"ON THE MONETARY UNITS IN THE GRAFITO 25 FROM ST. SOPHIA CATHEDRAL IN KYIV","authors":"H. Kozubovskyi","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2023.03.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2023.03.18","url":null,"abstract":"In the paper the author attempts to analyze the little-known monetary units of the 12th century mentioned in the grafito 25 from St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv. Grafito was discovered in the Apostles’ side-chapel of the Cathedral by Ukrainian researcher Dr. Sergey Vysotsky. Grafito reports about the purchase of «Boyan’s land» by Vsevolozha Princess for «seventy grivny sobolii» or «seven hundred dranits». There is no consensus on the dating of the inscription in historiography, different authors date it since the early until the second part of 12th century (identified with the widow of Vsevolod Olgovich, who died in 1179 or second wife of Vsevolod Yaroslavich, after 1111). The analysis of written sources, linguistic, numismatic and archeological data allows the author to suppose the equivalent of «dranits» and Byzantine scyphate (concave) gold coins. Money hoards and single finds show the important part of the golden Byzantine scyphate coins of 12th—14th centuries in the economic and cultural life in the Rus. Such coins are absolutely dominated in the finds of the gold coins in Ukrainian lands. Treasures with gold Byzantine coins of 11th—12th centuries were found with decorations and the gold ingots and silver grivnas in Kyiv (once near St. Sophia Cathedral). Byzantine gold coins with different gold purity were brought to Rus and were the main source for the gold ingot and decoration. Byzantine gold coins appeared to be the main currency in the international transactions but also in the local large payments in Rus. The monetary systems of the Old Rus principalities were established on the basis of the Byzantine monetary system. Litra of gold was fixed in the Old Rus sources.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139367873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-28DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2023.03.15
M. S. Sergeeva
The paper deals with the initial stages of wood processing — the selection and primary processing of raw materials. Wooden artifacts used in this work include not only completed wood products but also waste (wood chips, fragments with traces of tools, shavings, etc.). The analysis of the woodworking raw material base also involves the use of natural science methods to identify the wood species that formed its basis. The selection of raw materials requires the selection of wood that is technically suitable for each type of product. This is primarily achieved by selecting wood species with the appropriate qualities. An oak wood is most often recorded as a building material but this applies mainly to lower logs of the fortifications and for various engineering structures. For residential buildings made of pine wood, oak foundations are not required and are not always found. In the case of using unstable deciduous species, which were destroyed by contact with the soil, strong oak foundations were more essential. Wood with the right properties for each type of product was also used to make household utensils and other products. All identified wood, except boxwood for the combs, belongs to local wood species. The question of the possibility of using other types of imported wood, especially in connection with the manufacture of Christian worship items, remains unresolved. The wooden artifacts under study also indicate that high quality wood without large knots, cracks and other defects was used. There may have been some primary processing of the wood in specially selected places. According to literary sources, logging of building timber took place mostly in winter. Indirect evidence of winter logging can be found in the presence of a large amount of bark among the tree remains in the cultural layer «with chips» which is associated with the primary processing of wood in the north-west of Kyiv Podil. Preferring winter logging is an established practice, driven by natural factors and taking into account the biological characteristics of trees. However, in some Early Rus sites logs with bark have been found, which can be linked to summer logging. There are reasons to believe that some products could have been manufactured at the site of primary wood processing. Processing of blanks could also have been carried out within the settled area. This is evidenced by the discovered woodworking complexes in the settlement of Khodosivka — Roslavske and on the outskirts of Chernihiv. The study of all wooden artifacts obtained as a result of archaeological research, including production waste, provides additional important information about the peculiarities of local woodworking.
{"title":"PRIMARY WOOD PROCESSING IN KYIVAN RUS’ (based on materials from the Middle Dnipro area)","authors":"M. S. Sergeeva","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2023.03.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2023.03.15","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the initial stages of wood processing — the selection and primary processing of raw materials. Wooden artifacts used in this work include not only completed wood products but also waste (wood chips, fragments with traces of tools, shavings, etc.). The analysis of the woodworking raw material base also involves the use of natural science methods to identify the wood species that formed its basis. The selection of raw materials requires the selection of wood that is technically suitable for each type of product. This is primarily achieved by selecting wood species with the appropriate qualities. An oak wood is most often recorded as a building material but this applies mainly to lower logs of the fortifications and for various engineering structures. For residential buildings made of pine wood, oak foundations are not required and are not always found. In the case of using unstable deciduous species, which were destroyed by contact with the soil, strong oak foundations were more essential. Wood with the right properties for each type of product was also used to make household utensils and other products. All identified wood, except boxwood for the combs, belongs to local wood species. The question of the possibility of using other types of imported wood, especially in connection with the manufacture of Christian worship items, remains unresolved. The wooden artifacts under study also indicate that high quality wood without large knots, cracks and other defects was used. There may have been some primary processing of the wood in specially selected places. According to literary sources, logging of building timber took place mostly in winter. Indirect evidence of winter logging can be found in the presence of a large amount of bark among the tree remains in the cultural layer «with chips» which is associated with the primary processing of wood in the north-west of Kyiv Podil. Preferring winter logging is an established practice, driven by natural factors and taking into account the biological characteristics of trees. However, in some Early Rus sites logs with bark have been found, which can be linked to summer logging. There are reasons to believe that some products could have been manufactured at the site of primary wood processing. Processing of blanks could also have been carried out within the settled area. This is evidenced by the discovered woodworking complexes in the settlement of Khodosivka — Roslavske and on the outskirts of Chernihiv. The study of all wooden artifacts obtained as a result of archaeological research, including production waste, provides additional important information about the peculiarities of local woodworking.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139368041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2023.01.08
D. L. Teslenko, E. Kaiser, V. M. Shalobudov
Four barrows (kurgans) were excavated in the basin of the river Samara in 2007—2008. Kurgan 1 near the village of Peschanka was located in its lower course. Three kurgans were situated near the mine «Stepova» in the middle course of Samara. Fifteen burials were discovered in the barrow 1 near the village of Peschanka. Three of them, graves 6, 7, 14 appear to be the earliest, exhibiting male burials and dating to the 38th to the 36th centuries BC (Eneolithic). The first burial mound was erected above these burials. Another two Eneolithic graves with skeletons of children were dug into the first kurgan. The construction of the Copper Age kurgan was completed after these two graves by digging a ditch around the mound. Among the four burials of the Yamna culture grave 15 was the oldest. However, its radiocarbon date 3626—3106 cal BC seems to be very early and is therefore debatable. But analyses of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon do not indicate a diet which might have caused a reservoir effect. The radiocarbon dates obtained for other burials in this kurgan correspond quite well with the relative chronology. The graves 10 and 11 date to the Yamna culture as well, but show characteristics in the funeral rites of its final phase. The calibrated time spans fall into the interval of 27—24 centuries cal BC. They coincide with the absolute dating of the Early Catacomb culture. C14-dates were also obtained for the catacomb graves 4 and 12. They agree well with the absolute and relative chronology of the developed phase of the Catacomb culture. The earliest kurgan (barrow 4) near the mine «Stepova» was built above the destroyed burials of the Eneolithic. In all three kurgans graves of the earliest phase of the Yamna culture were found. Interestingly, the identical organization of the space under and in the barrows and the very similar of details of the funeral rites indicate that all three barrows form a single burial complex. Probably, all graves were erected according to the same canonical norms during a relatively short time period. Most likely a single community used and formed these Early Bronze Age barrows. Unfortunately, the absence of radiocarbon dating makes it impossible to verify this hypothesis. The burials of the Catacomb culture discovered in the kurgans near the mine «Stepova» exhibit features of different phases and demonstrate the influence of various regions. The grave of a Kipčak warrior appears to be the most recent burial in kurgan 4 and dates to the time of the Golden Horde.
{"title":"KURGAN SITES IN THE SAMARA RIVER BASIN: RESULTS OF INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH","authors":"D. L. Teslenko, E. Kaiser, V. M. Shalobudov","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2023.01.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2023.01.08","url":null,"abstract":"Four barrows (kurgans) were excavated in the basin of the river Samara in 2007—2008. Kurgan 1 near the village of Peschanka was located in its lower course. Three kurgans were situated near the mine «Stepova» in the middle course of Samara. Fifteen burials were discovered in the barrow 1 near the village of Peschanka. Three of them, graves 6, 7, 14 appear to be the earliest, exhibiting male burials and dating to the 38th to the 36th centuries BC (Eneolithic). The first burial mound was erected above these burials. Another two Eneolithic graves with skeletons of children were dug into the first kurgan. The construction of the Copper Age kurgan was completed after these two graves by digging a ditch around the mound. Among the four burials of the Yamna culture grave 15 was the oldest. However, its radiocarbon date 3626—3106 cal BC seems to be very early and is therefore debatable. But analyses of stable isotopes of nitrogen and carbon do not indicate a diet which might have caused a reservoir effect. The radiocarbon dates obtained for other burials in this kurgan correspond quite well with the relative chronology. The graves 10 and 11 date to the Yamna culture as well, but show characteristics in the funeral rites of its final phase. The calibrated time spans fall into the interval of 27—24 centuries cal BC. They coincide with the absolute dating of the Early Catacomb culture. C14-dates were also obtained for the catacomb graves 4 and 12. They agree well with the absolute and relative chronology of the developed phase of the Catacomb culture. The earliest kurgan (barrow 4) near the mine «Stepova» was built above the destroyed burials of the Eneolithic. In all three kurgans graves of the earliest phase of the Yamna culture were found. Interestingly, the identical organization of the space under and in the barrows and the very similar of details of the funeral rites indicate that all three barrows form a single burial complex. Probably, all graves were erected according to the same canonical norms during a relatively short time period. Most likely a single community used and formed these Early Bronze Age barrows. Unfortunately, the absence of radiocarbon dating makes it impossible to verify this hypothesis. The burials of the Catacomb culture discovered in the kurgans near the mine «Stepova» exhibit features of different phases and demonstrate the influence of various regions. The grave of a Kipčak warrior appears to be the most recent burial in kurgan 4 and dates to the time of the Golden Horde.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139368308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.37445/adiu.2023.03.06
V. I. Kvitkovskyi, H. Y. Svystun
The materials from the excavations of the multilayered settlement Kitsivka 1 provide additional insight into the characteristics of the Golden Horde Age population living in the forest-steppe part of the Siverski Donets River basin. Over time, the cultural and historical communities inhabiting this territory were changed. However, people always chose to settle in the settlement zones which traditionally used the natural resources of the micro-region and its logistical features. A vivid example of this is the crossing of the Siverski Donets known in the «Book of the Great Map» as the Kaganski Perevoz. It connected the territories with different landscapes: the right-bank forest-steppe and the left-bank steppe, thus being on the border of two systems of economic management and, as a result, cultural development. At certain historical stages, this point required military control, as evidenced by the remains of fortifications built in the early Middle Ages. During the Golden Horde period, the ethno-political situation seems to have changed dramatically, and the nature of the ties between the populations of the forest-steppe right bank and the steppe left bank of the Siverski Donets acquires the quality of a cultural and economic contactor. The material and spiritual culture of the Golden Horde period is represented at the Kitsivka 1 settlement by ceramic and cast-iron utensils, iron and non-ferrous metal products (elements of weapons, armour, clothing, tools), etc. Of great importance for understanding the nature of the worldview and origin of the settlers of this period is the discovered inhumation burial which belongs to the male privates, with traces of a fire ritual of the IV period (Golden Horde time) according to the classification of Dr. Fedorov-Davydov. The settlement of Kitsivka I is the first site in the Kharkiv region containing the materials on everyday life and funerary rites with osteological remains of the deceased, and this provides great potential for further cultural and historical reconstructions of the Golden Horde period in the modern Kharkiv region. It is necessary to further expand the studied areas of cultural layers, which will allow, among other things, to obtain a more accurate chronological framework for the life of the Golden Horde population, which today can be roughly defined as the second half of the 13th—14th centuries.
{"title":"MATERIALS OF THE GOLDEN HORDE PERIOD FROM THE MULTILAYERED SETTLEMENT OF KITSIVKA 1","authors":"V. I. Kvitkovskyi, H. Y. Svystun","doi":"10.37445/adiu.2023.03.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2023.03.06","url":null,"abstract":"The materials from the excavations of the multilayered settlement Kitsivka 1 provide additional insight into the characteristics of the Golden Horde Age population living in the forest-steppe part of the Siverski Donets River basin. Over time, the cultural and historical communities inhabiting this territory were changed. However, people always chose to settle in the settlement zones which traditionally used the natural resources of the micro-region and its logistical features. A vivid example of this is the crossing of the Siverski Donets known in the «Book of the Great Map» as the Kaganski Perevoz. It connected the territories with different landscapes: the right-bank forest-steppe and the left-bank steppe, thus being on the border of two systems of economic management and, as a result, cultural development. At certain historical stages, this point required military control, as evidenced by the remains of fortifications built in the early Middle Ages. During the Golden Horde period, the ethno-political situation seems to have changed dramatically, and the nature of the ties between the populations of the forest-steppe right bank and the steppe left bank of the Siverski Donets acquires the quality of a cultural and economic contactor. The material and spiritual culture of the Golden Horde period is represented at the Kitsivka 1 settlement by ceramic and cast-iron utensils, iron and non-ferrous metal products (elements of weapons, armour, clothing, tools), etc. Of great importance for understanding the nature of the worldview and origin of the settlers of this period is the discovered inhumation burial which belongs to the male privates, with traces of a fire ritual of the IV period (Golden Horde time) according to the classification of Dr. Fedorov-Davydov. The settlement of Kitsivka I is the first site in the Kharkiv region containing the materials on everyday life and funerary rites with osteological remains of the deceased, and this provides great potential for further cultural and historical reconstructions of the Golden Horde period in the modern Kharkiv region. It is necessary to further expand the studied areas of cultural layers, which will allow, among other things, to obtain a more accurate chronological framework for the life of the Golden Horde population, which today can be roughly defined as the second half of the 13th—14th centuries.","PeriodicalId":406948,"journal":{"name":"Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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