Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1163/21983534-10020001
Wen Pin Lin
{"title":"Between Technological Reliance and the Human Touch: Developmental Challenges for Southeast Asia","authors":"Wen Pin Lin","doi":"10.1163/21983534-10020001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-10020001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"53 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74996886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1163/21983534-10020006
Tamani Nkhono-Mvula, H. Kayuni, W. Mulwafu
This paper traces the historical origins of the state’s exploitative agricultural market system in Malawi with a case of Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation (admarc), a post-colonial agriculture marketing board established in 1971. The study analyses how its initial intention of facilitating the transformation of agriculture got thwarted by political interest and structural adjustment and recently globalization processes. The study goes further to explain the changes that had taken place from early colonial era agricultural marketing institutions to the present days of admarc, covering a period from 1926 to 2000. This period has been chosen as present day admarc directly traces its origin to the Native Tobacco Board that was established in 1926. The paper explores how these marketing boards, which were initially created in the colonial era to facilitate the participation of the peasant farmers in organized markets, turned to be instruments of exploitation and vehicles of marginalization of the peasantry. Furthermore, as this paper notes, after the country gained independence, admarc continued to be a post-colonial era instrument for peasant farmers’ systematic oppression through intrinsic taxation that further compromised the development of the peasant farmers. The institution was further used to strengthen agricultural sector dualism in Malawi as the surplus extracted from the peasant smallholder farmers was used to develop the capitalist estates sector.
{"title":"Historical Origins of the State’s Exploitative System of Peasant Farmers in Malawi from 1926 to 2000","authors":"Tamani Nkhono-Mvula, H. Kayuni, W. Mulwafu","doi":"10.1163/21983534-10020006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-10020006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper traces the historical origins of the state’s exploitative agricultural market system in Malawi with a case of Agricultural Development and Marketing Corporation (admarc), a post-colonial agriculture marketing board established in 1971. The study analyses how its initial intention of facilitating the transformation of agriculture got thwarted by political interest and structural adjustment and recently globalization processes. The study goes further to explain the changes that had taken place from early colonial era agricultural marketing institutions to the present days of admarc, covering a period from 1926 to 2000. This period has been chosen as present day admarc directly traces its origin to the Native Tobacco Board that was established in 1926. The paper explores how these marketing boards, which were initially created in the colonial era to facilitate the participation of the peasant farmers in organized markets, turned to be instruments of exploitation and vehicles of marginalization of the peasantry. Furthermore, as this paper notes, after the country gained independence, admarc continued to be a post-colonial era instrument for peasant farmers’ systematic oppression through intrinsic taxation that further compromised the development of the peasant farmers. The institution was further used to strengthen agricultural sector dualism in Malawi as the surplus extracted from the peasant smallholder farmers was used to develop the capitalist estates sector.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78566711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1163/21983534-10020005
Gratiana Jung
This essay is a preliminary study of the Philippines’ foreign policy towards China under President Rodrigo Roa Duterte. It will examine China’s economic statecraft as the sender country towards the Philippines as the target country. The ultimate goal of China’s economic policies is to foster a submissive response from the Philippines over their territorial disputes in the South China Sea. This paper applies the theoretical model proposed by Jean-Marc F. Blanchard and Norrin M. Ripsman (2008 and 2013) to study the political theory of economic statecraft, as applied by the sender and target countries. Blanchard and Ripsman argue that domestic factors serve as significant intervening variables in the strategy of the target country’s leaders towards the sender country. Thus, the target country’s leaders will view the sender country’s economic sanctions or economic inducements differently, depending on the domestic socioeconomic situation. By looking at the Duterte administration in the Philippines, this paper intends to expand upon the research agenda of the theory on economic statecraft and international relations. It will shine a light on the puzzling flip-flop of the Philippines’ foreign policy strategy. It shows that Blanchard and Ripsman’s “stateness” conditionalist approach provides a plausible explanation of the Filipino response to China’s economic statecraft. Instead of relying on conventional neo-realist, economic liberalist, or regime-type conditionalist arguments, this paper will focus on the control of leaders over the decision-making environment. However, it does acknowledge that stateness does not fully explain the Philippines’ strategic adjustment towards China, as international variables could have affected the Philippines’ policy response to China’s economic statecraft. This paper, therefore, argues that domestic and international factors play vital roles in affecting the dynamics in the target state and the effectiveness of the sender state’s economic statecraft.
本文是对杜特尔特总统执政时期菲律宾对华外交政策的初步研究。它将考察中国作为发送国对菲律宾作为目标国的经济治国方略。中国经济政策的最终目标是促使菲律宾对其在南中国海的领土争端做出顺从的回应。本文采用Jean-Marc F. Blanchard和Norrin M. Ripsman(2008年和2013年)提出的理论模型，研究经济治国的政治理论，即发送国和目标国的政治理论。Blanchard和Ripsman认为，国内因素是目标国领导人对输出国战略的重要干预变量。因此，受援国领导人会根据其国内社会经济状况，对派遣国的经济制裁或经济诱因有不同的看法。通过观察菲律宾的杜特尔特政府，本文打算扩展经济治国方略和国际关系理论的研究议程。它将揭示菲律宾外交政策战略令人费解的反复无常。这表明，布兰查德和里普斯曼的“国家”条件主义方法为菲律宾对中国经济治国方略的反应提供了一个合理的解释。本文将侧重于领导人对决策环境的控制，而不是依赖传统的新现实主义、经济自由主义或政权型条件主义论点。然而，它也承认，国家地位并不能完全解释菲律宾对中国的战略调整，因为国际变量可能会影响菲律宾对中国经济治国方略的政策反应。因此，本文认为国内和国际因素在影响目标国的动态和派遣国经济治国方术的有效性方面起着至关重要的作用。
{"title":"Understanding the Policy Responses of the Philippines towards China’s Economic Statecraft under the Duterte Administration","authors":"Gratiana Jung","doi":"10.1163/21983534-10020005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-10020005","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This essay is a preliminary study of the Philippines’ foreign policy towards China under President Rodrigo Roa Duterte. It will examine China’s economic statecraft as the sender country towards the Philippines as the target country. The ultimate goal of China’s economic policies is to foster a submissive response from the Philippines over their territorial disputes in the South China Sea. This paper applies the theoretical model proposed by Jean-Marc F. Blanchard and Norrin M. Ripsman (2008 and 2013) to study the political theory of economic statecraft, as applied by the sender and target countries. Blanchard and Ripsman argue that domestic factors serve as significant intervening variables in the strategy of the target country’s leaders towards the sender country. Thus, the target country’s leaders will view the sender country’s economic sanctions or economic inducements differently, depending on the domestic socioeconomic situation. By looking at the Duterte administration in the Philippines, this paper intends to expand upon the research agenda of the theory on economic statecraft and international relations. It will shine a light on the puzzling flip-flop of the Philippines’ foreign policy strategy. It shows that Blanchard and Ripsman’s “stateness” conditionalist approach provides a plausible explanation of the Filipino response to China’s economic statecraft. Instead of relying on conventional neo-realist, economic liberalist, or regime-type conditionalist arguments, this paper will focus on the control of leaders over the decision-making environment. However, it does acknowledge that stateness does not fully explain the Philippines’ strategic adjustment towards China, as international variables could have affected the Philippines’ policy response to China’s economic statecraft. This paper, therefore, argues that domestic and international factors play vital roles in affecting the dynamics in the target state and the effectiveness of the sender state’s economic statecraft.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72614615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1163/21983534-10020004
Jeliteng Pribadi, Jesse Yu-Chen Lan, Agussabti
This study analyzes the factors that influence poverty alleviation in Aceh, Indonesia. It looks at the priority given to poverty reduction in the budget and the effectiveness with which it is addressed and disseminated. To determine good practices and lessons learnt from this process of poverty alleviation public expenditure, we examine the written material on poverty in Aceh, budget documents, focus group discussions, and interviews with stakeholders in the policy process in the government, community leaders, and the community. We also look at the structural and cultural problems believed to be at heart of Aceh’s high levels of poverty.
{"title":"Poverty Alleviation Strategy and Public Expenditure in Aceh, Indonesia","authors":"Jeliteng Pribadi, Jesse Yu-Chen Lan, Agussabti","doi":"10.1163/21983534-10020004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-10020004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study analyzes the factors that influence poverty alleviation in Aceh, Indonesia. It looks at the priority given to poverty reduction in the budget and the effectiveness with which it is addressed and disseminated. To determine good practices and lessons learnt from this process of poverty alleviation public expenditure, we examine the written material on poverty in Aceh, budget documents, focus group discussions, and interviews with stakeholders in the policy process in the government, community leaders, and the community. We also look at the structural and cultural problems believed to be at heart of Aceh’s high levels of poverty.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81847625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1163/21983534-10020007
N. Biswas
This paper aims to examine the dynamics of social inclusivity of the local people in the civil security governance of Bangladesh with a particular reference to the functions of community policing in the urban areas of the state. The broader framework of the sdg 16 informs the conceptual analysis of this paper – promoting peaceful and inclusive societies in establishing local ownership and an inclusive and improved security situation through community policing in Bangladesh. The empirical discussions in this paper include the findings of in-depth interviews with the civilian members of the community policing forums and members of the local police stations. The discussion aims to highlight – how and in what ways the community policing system, both forums and officers in police stations, has adopted an inclusive framework to ensure the participation of local community citizens. Furthermore, the discussion also highlights the challenges of including locals and civil society organisations in the security governance of the state. Finally, this paper argues that political patronage is a critical factor obstructing social inclusivity in the community policing system.
{"title":"Social Inclusivity in Security Governance: the Case of Community Policing in Bangladesh","authors":"N. Biswas","doi":"10.1163/21983534-10020007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-10020007","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper aims to examine the dynamics of social inclusivity of the local people in the civil security governance of Bangladesh with a particular reference to the functions of community policing in the urban areas of the state. The broader framework of the sdg 16 informs the conceptual analysis of this paper – promoting peaceful and inclusive societies in establishing local ownership and an inclusive and improved security situation through community policing in Bangladesh. The empirical discussions in this paper include the findings of in-depth interviews with the civilian members of the community policing forums and members of the local police stations. The discussion aims to highlight – how and in what ways the community policing system, both forums and officers in police stations, has adopted an inclusive framework to ensure the participation of local community citizens. Furthermore, the discussion also highlights the challenges of including locals and civil society organisations in the security governance of the state. Finally, this paper argues that political patronage is a critical factor obstructing social inclusivity in the community policing system.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82991781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1163/21983534-10020002
C. Lin
Gunner Myrdal’s Asian Drama was the first serious and somewhat pessimistic study on the postcolonial development prospects of newly independent Asian countries. Since the world is in the grips of covid-19 pandemic and facing disrupted global supply chains, it is worth reflecting on the Asian Drama and rediscovering some of its insights. The rapid growth of Southeast Asian countries at the beginning of the twenty-first century may have proved Myrdal’s pessimistic outlook wrong, but his concern over the balance between state and market is still valid as it informs countries in the region that they should be more cautious in pursuing their current industrial policies. This is more so when Keynesian foresight is married to Myrdal’s forecast of development and economic growth, the precariousness of Southeast Asia’s development prospects post-pandemic is more pronounced.
{"title":"Asian Drama Revisited: Myrdal’s Insight in the Development of Southeast Asia","authors":"C. Lin","doi":"10.1163/21983534-10020002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/21983534-10020002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Gunner Myrdal’s Asian Drama was the first serious and somewhat pessimistic study on the postcolonial development prospects of newly independent Asian countries. Since the world is in the grips of covid-19 pandemic and facing disrupted global supply chains, it is worth reflecting on the Asian Drama and rediscovering some of its insights. The rapid growth of Southeast Asian countries at the beginning of the twenty-first century may have proved Myrdal’s pessimistic outlook wrong, but his concern over the balance between state and market is still valid as it informs countries in the region that they should be more cautious in pursuing their current industrial policies. This is more so when Keynesian foresight is married to Myrdal’s forecast of development and economic growth, the precariousness of Southeast Asia’s development prospects post-pandemic is more pronounced.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"127 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80456472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Patellar clunk crepitation is a well-known complication following knee replacement surgery and is associated with posterior stabilized knee replacement surgery and surgical technique. Currently, patellar clunk or crepitation management following knee replacement surgery with preserved patella remains unclear. The purpose of this case report is to discuss whether patellar clunk or crepitation management should include debridement with patellar resurfacing or debridement alone. This case describes a patellar crepitation after knee replacement surgery with the preserved patella. The surgery went uneventfully using the standard medial parapatellar approach. However, the patient was still unsatisfied with the chronic left knee pain (>3 months) and crepitation that developed following the surgery, and the patient was diagnosed with patellar clunk and crepitation (PCC). A patellar resurfacing procedure was performed with a satisfactory clinical outcome. Replicating the original joint line level and placing the tibial component posteriorly play a pivotal role in preventing PCC. Debridement and patellar resurfacing procedures are recommended in this type of case to overcome the valgus knee alignment and the placement of the tibial component.
{"title":"Case Report on Painful Patellar Crepitation Following a Knee Replacement with Preserved Patella","authors":"","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v55n1.2727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v55n1.2727","url":null,"abstract":"Patellar clunk crepitation is a well-known complication following knee replacement surgery and is associated with posterior stabilized knee replacement surgery and surgical technique. Currently, patellar clunk or crepitation management following knee replacement surgery with preserved patella remains unclear. The purpose of this case report is to discuss whether patellar clunk or crepitation management should include debridement with patellar resurfacing or debridement alone. This case describes a patellar crepitation after knee replacement surgery with the preserved patella. The surgery went uneventfully using the standard medial parapatellar approach. However, the patient was still unsatisfied with the chronic left knee pain (>3 months) and crepitation that developed following the surgery, and the patient was diagnosed with patellar clunk and crepitation (PCC). A patellar resurfacing procedure was performed with a satisfactory clinical outcome. Replicating the original joint line level and placing the tibial component posteriorly play a pivotal role in preventing PCC. Debridement and patellar resurfacing procedures are recommended in this type of case to overcome the valgus knee alignment and the placement of the tibial component.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41596900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
More than 1.1 million people, or 20.90% of the population in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia, live below the poverty line, making NTT the third province with the highest number of poor people in Indonesia. The region of NTT, which is well known as one of the endemic areas for malaria in Indonesia, also has the highest number of adults with low nutritional status. This study aimed to assess the influence of socioeconomic factors on malaria-endemic areas in eastern Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in East Nusa Tenggara from January to March 2020. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were then performed on 317 population data of adults with low socioeconomic status. It was found that one of the socioeconomic factors, i.e., the age, is significantly associated with malaria (p-value = 0.031; OR = 1.684) with 40 being the age with the highest association. Thus, age is associated with malaria incidence in endemic areas.
{"title":"Malaria Infection and Socioeconomics in Malaria Endemic Areas of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia","authors":"","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v55n1.2902","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v55n1.2902","url":null,"abstract":"More than 1.1 million people, or 20.90% of the population in East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), Indonesia, live below the poverty line, making NTT the third province with the highest number of poor people in Indonesia. The region of NTT, which is well known as one of the endemic areas for malaria in Indonesia, also has the highest number of adults with low nutritional status. This study aimed to assess the influence of socioeconomic factors on malaria-endemic areas in eastern Indonesia. A cross-sectional study was conducted in East Nusa Tenggara from January to March 2020. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were then performed on 317 population data of adults with low socioeconomic status. It was found that one of the socioeconomic factors, i.e., the age, is significantly associated with malaria (p-value = 0.031; OR = 1.684) with 40 being the age with the highest association. Thus, age is associated with malaria incidence in endemic areas.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41741191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rizka Muthia Nuruddin, B. Wasita, A. M. Nuhriawangsa
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common disease of aging characterized by increased extracellular deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. Globally, the number of people affected by AD has increased from 35.6 million in 2010 to 46.8 million in 2015. Ajwa dates contain phenolic compounds that can protect against inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the dose and duration of Ajwa date extract administration on IL-6 levels and SOD activity in rats induced with 400 mg/day homocysteine to trigger Alzheimer's Disease. This was a laboratory experimental study with a pretest-posttest group design conducted at the Laboratory of the Center for Food and Nutrition Studies (PSPG), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia from December 2020 - January 2021. A total of 48 rats were divided into one control group, one untreated group, and 4 treatment groups that received different doses of Ajwa Date Extract (ADE) for 21 and 28 days in rats. The results showed that the administration of ADE (Ajwa date extract) for 21 and 28 days could reduce IL-6 levels but did not have the same effectiveness as donepezil. The administration of 800 mg/kg BW ADE for 28 days can increase SOD activities with the same effectiveness as donepezil. Ajwa date extract can be proven to have beneficial effects to prevent Alzheimer's disease and can be used to prevent decreased antioxidant and increased inflammation. Thus, further studies to explore the potential clinical use of the extract to manage Alzheimer's Disease may be beneficial.
{"title":"Ajwa Date (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Extract to Prevent Alzheimer’s Disease in Rat Model","authors":"Rizka Muthia Nuruddin, B. Wasita, A. M. Nuhriawangsa","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v55n1.2871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v55n1.2871","url":null,"abstract":"Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common disease of aging characterized by increased extracellular deposits of amyloid-β (Aβ) in the brain. Globally, the number of people affected by AD has increased from 35.6 million in 2010 to 46.8 million in 2015. Ajwa dates contain phenolic compounds that can protect against inflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the dose and duration of Ajwa date extract administration on IL-6 levels and SOD activity in rats induced with 400 mg/day homocysteine to trigger Alzheimer's Disease. This was a laboratory experimental study with a pretest-posttest group design conducted at the Laboratory of the Center for Food and Nutrition Studies (PSPG), Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia from December 2020 - January 2021. A total of 48 rats were divided into one control group, one untreated group, and 4 treatment groups that received different doses of Ajwa Date Extract (ADE) for 21 and 28 days in rats. The results showed that the administration of ADE (Ajwa date extract) for 21 and 28 days could reduce IL-6 levels but did not have the same effectiveness as donepezil. The administration of 800 mg/kg BW ADE for 28 days can increase SOD activities with the same effectiveness as donepezil. Ajwa date extract can be proven to have beneficial effects to prevent Alzheimer's disease and can be used to prevent decreased antioxidant and increased inflammation. Thus, further studies to explore the potential clinical use of the extract to manage Alzheimer's Disease may be beneficial.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67066724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a surgical therapy for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who cannot be solely treated using pharmacological therapy. Patients undergoing CABG surgery require careful postoperative monitoring in the intensive care unit (ICU). This leads to the need for careful selection of patients due to the limited number of ICU beds available. A prolonged stay in ICU could delay surgery for other patients. This retrospective study analyzed how preoperative factors such as age, gender, and preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) may influence patient's length of stay (LOS) in the ICU. For this study, subjects were patients undergoing isolated CABG in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, during the period of January 2019- December 2020 who were selected using the simple random sampling method. The subjects were categorized into <65 years old and ≥65 years old age groups; man and woman gender; preoperative LVEF of <40% and ≥40%; and prolonged ICU LOS (>96 hours) and non-prolonged ICU LOS (<96 hours). Deceased patients in the ICU were excluded. Results of the bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that age was the only factor (p-value of 0.017) that increased the risk of prolonged ICU LOS (OR of 3.34) after CABG surgery that was statistically significant. This study concluded that patient of old age (>65 years old) is at a higher risk of having prolonged ICU LOS after CABG; thus, a careful scheduling of patients for CABG surgery by age is important to prevent prolonged ICU LOS after CABG.
冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)是一种不能单独使用药物治疗的冠状动脉疾病(CAD)患者的外科治疗方法。接受冠状动脉搭桥手术的患者需要在重症监护病房(ICU)进行仔细的术后监测。由于ICU床位数量有限，这导致需要仔细选择患者。在ICU长时间的住院可能会耽误其他病人的手术。本回顾性研究分析了年龄、性别、术前左室射血分数(LVEF)等因素对患者在ICU的住院时间(LOS)的影响。在本研究中，受试者是2019年1月至2020年12月期间在印度尼西亚万隆Dr. Hasan Sadikin总医院接受孤立CABG的患者，他们采用简单随机抽样方法选择。受试者分为96小时和非延长ICU LOS(65岁)，CABG后延长ICU LOS的风险较高;因此，根据年龄对患者进行谨慎的冠脉搭桥手术安排对于防止冠脉搭桥术后ICU LOS延长是很重要的。
{"title":"Age, Gender, and Preoperative LVEF Influence on ICU Length of Stay After CABG","authors":"Rara Amourra Arviolla, Budiana Rismawan, Muchammad Erias Erlangga","doi":"10.15395/mkb.v55n1.2952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v55n1.2952","url":null,"abstract":"Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a surgical therapy for coronary artery disease (CAD) patients who cannot be solely treated using pharmacological therapy. Patients undergoing CABG surgery require careful postoperative monitoring in the intensive care unit (ICU). This leads to the need for careful selection of patients due to the limited number of ICU beds available. A prolonged stay in ICU could delay surgery for other patients. This retrospective study analyzed how preoperative factors such as age, gender, and preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) may influence patient's length of stay (LOS) in the ICU. For this study, subjects were patients undergoing isolated CABG in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia, during the period of January 2019- December 2020 who were selected using the simple random sampling method. The subjects were categorized into <65 years old and ≥65 years old age groups; man and woman gender; preoperative LVEF of <40% and ≥40%; and prolonged ICU LOS (>96 hours) and non-prolonged ICU LOS (<96 hours). Deceased patients in the ICU were excluded. Results of the bivariate and multivariate analyses showed that age was the only factor (p-value of 0.017) that increased the risk of prolonged ICU LOS (OR of 3.34) after CABG surgery that was statistically significant. This study concluded that patient of old age (>65 years old) is at a higher risk of having prolonged ICU LOS after CABG; thus, a careful scheduling of patients for CABG surgery by age is important to prevent prolonged ICU LOS after CABG.","PeriodicalId":40791,"journal":{"name":"Majalah Kedokteran Bandung-MKB-Bandung Medical Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41976083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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