首页 > 最新文献

Economic and Environmental Studies最新文献

英文 中文
Public attitude to food waste: the case of Lithuania 公众对食物浪费的态度:立陶宛的案例
Pub Date : 2020-12-04 DOI: 10.25167/EES.2020.53.2
S. Žičkienė, Ala Kovieriene, Vaiva Griščiūtė
The purpose of the research is to investigate consumers’ perception concerning food wastage and their awareness of economic, social and environmental costs concerning the issue. The research focused on the concept of food waste in context of consumers’ attitude regarding this problem. Comparative analysis, synthesis and evaluation of scientific literature and legal documents, statistical data collection and analysis was performed together with the results of on-line survey of 500 households representing 1494 inhabitants from all Lithuanian counties. Data was analysed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS): descriptive statistics, frequencies, crosstabs. Lithuanians discard relatively small amounts of wholesome edible food in comparison with averages for EU 27, but most of them have the limited knowledge of the meaning of “best-before” dates, consumers are strongly influenced by retail promotions, and wasting food for them is primarily associated with a waste of money. State waste management policy is focused on waste sorting, while this research provides the evidence that households are insufficiently informed about economic, social and environmental costs concerning food waste. This underlines the necessity to review the current state policy with emphasis on public education as an important factor in minimizing household food waste. Lithuanians recognize that the consumers are mostly responsible for food waste, but food wasting is treated mainly as financial lost. The added value of this article is the proposal to create information campaigns that will cause a sense of guilt for food squandering.
研究的目的是调查消费者对食物浪费的看法,以及他们对这个问题的经济、社会和环境成本的认识。研究的重点是食物浪费的概念在消费者对这个问题的态度的背景下。对科学文献和法律文件进行了比较分析、综合和评价,并收集和分析了统计数据,同时对立陶宛各县的500户家庭(代表1494名居民)进行了在线调查。数据分析使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS):描述性统计,频率,交叉表。与欧盟27国的平均水平相比,立陶宛人丢弃的有益健康的可食用食品相对较少,但他们中的大多数人对"最佳食用日期"的含义了解有限,消费者受到零售促销活动的强烈影响,浪费食物对他们来说主要是浪费金钱。国家废物管理政策侧重于废物分类,而本研究提供的证据表明,家庭对食物浪费的经济、社会和环境成本了解不足。这强调了审查当前国家政策的必要性,强调公共教育是减少家庭食物浪费的一个重要因素。立陶宛人认识到消费者对食物浪费负有主要责任,但食物浪费主要被视为经济损失。这篇文章的附加价值是提议发起一场宣传活动,让人们对浪费食物产生负罪感。
{"title":"Public attitude to food waste: the case of Lithuania","authors":"S. Žičkienė, Ala Kovieriene, Vaiva Griščiūtė","doi":"10.25167/EES.2020.53.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2020.53.2","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research is to investigate consumers’ perception concerning food wastage and their awareness of economic, social and environmental costs concerning the issue. The research focused on the concept of food waste in context of consumers’ attitude regarding this problem. Comparative analysis, synthesis and evaluation of scientific literature and legal documents, statistical data collection and analysis was performed together with the results of on-line survey of 500 households representing 1494 inhabitants from all Lithuanian counties. Data was analysed using statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS): descriptive statistics, frequencies, crosstabs. Lithuanians discard relatively small amounts of wholesome edible food in comparison with averages for EU 27, but most of them have the limited knowledge of the meaning of “best-before” dates, consumers are strongly influenced by retail promotions, and wasting food for them is primarily associated with a waste of money. State waste management policy is focused on waste sorting, while this research provides the evidence that households are insufficiently informed about economic, social and environmental costs concerning food waste. This underlines the necessity to review the current state policy with emphasis on public education as an important factor in minimizing household food waste. Lithuanians recognize that the consumers are mostly responsible for food waste, but food wasting is treated mainly as financial lost. The added value of this article is the proposal to create information campaigns that will cause a sense of guilt for food squandering.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125169558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Involvement of cities with county rights in financing tasks pertaining to physical culture 推进县域市参与体育财政工作
Pub Date : 2020-11-26 DOI: 10.25167/ees.2018.48.5
Maja Krasucka
 Units of local governments in Poland are responsible for running actions in the sphere of physical culture. The growing number of people practicing sports, as well as social and rearing aspects related to sports exert an influence on the activity of sports clubs and social organizations which promote physical culture. While only some sports organizations are self-sufficient economically, most of them must rely on public support. In Poland, like in the majority of European countries, one of the main sources of financing are public grants. Cities with county rights (CCRs), being a specific type of commune, undertake tasks of both communes and counties. In the sphere of tasks pertaining to physical culture this can manifest itself by higher budgetary expenses in general, including grants. Local tasks connected with sport are stiffly defined by central regulations only to an insignificant extent. Therefore it is accepted that local governments possess considerable autonomy as regards deciding about allocation of the means assigned for their realization. This concerns also the grant-based expenses. Thus, the aim of the article is to examine whether the scale of expenses borne on physical culture, including local government grants, is dependent on the size of CCRs and on the level of their financial autonomy. In this paper, the author presents differences in expenses from budgets of CCRs on tasks pertaining to physical culture (Section 926 of the budgetary classification), with particular taking account of grants which constitute them. The basic tools of descriptive statistics and study of interdependences were used. A very large spatial difference in the examined variables, both in the regional framework and within the types of communes, was found. The mean interdependence was identified between grant-based expenses and the level of financial autonomy of the cities with county rights.
波兰的地方政府单位负责开展体育领域的活动。越来越多的人从事体育运动,以及与体育有关的社会和养育方面对体育俱乐部和促进体育文化的社会组织的活动产生影响。虽然只有一些体育组织在经济上是自给自足的,但大多数体育组织都必须依靠公众的支持。与大多数欧洲国家一样,波兰的主要资金来源之一是公共赠款。县权市作为一种特殊的公社类型,既承担公社的任务,又承担县的任务。在与体育有关的任务领域,这可以表现为一般较高的预算开支,包括补助金。与体育相关的地方任务仅在微不足道的程度上由中央法规严格定义。因此,人们普遍认为,地方政府在决定如何分配为实现这些目标而分配的资源方面拥有相当大的自主权。这也涉及到基于赠款的费用。因此,本文的目的是研究体育支出的规模,包括地方政府拨款,是否取决于ccr的规模和他们的财政自治水平。在本文中,作者介绍了ccr预算中与体育有关的任务(预算分类第926节)的费用差异,特别是考虑到构成这些任务的补助金。使用了描述性统计和相互依赖性研究的基本工具。在所检查的变量中,无论是在区域框架内还是在公社类型内,都发现了很大的空间差异。确定了补助费用与县自治市财政自治水平之间的平均相互依赖关系。
{"title":"Involvement of cities with county rights in financing tasks pertaining to physical culture","authors":"Maja Krasucka","doi":"10.25167/ees.2018.48.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/ees.2018.48.5","url":null,"abstract":" Units of local governments in Poland are responsible for running actions in the sphere of physical culture. The growing number of people practicing sports, as well as social and rearing aspects related to sports exert an influence on the activity of sports clubs and social organizations which promote physical culture. While only some sports organizations are self-sufficient economically, most of them must rely on public support. In Poland, like in the majority of European countries, one of the main sources of financing are public grants. Cities with county rights (CCRs), being a specific type of commune, undertake tasks of both communes and counties. In the sphere of tasks pertaining to physical culture this can manifest itself by higher budgetary expenses in general, including grants. Local tasks connected with sport are stiffly defined by central regulations only to an insignificant extent. Therefore it is accepted that local governments possess considerable autonomy as regards deciding about allocation of the means assigned for their realization. This concerns also the grant-based expenses. Thus, the aim of the article is to examine whether the scale of expenses borne on physical culture, including local government grants, is dependent on the size of CCRs and on the level of their financial autonomy. In this paper, the author presents differences in expenses from budgets of CCRs on tasks pertaining to physical culture (Section 926 of the budgetary classification), with particular taking account of grants which constitute them. The basic tools of descriptive statistics and study of interdependences were used. A very large spatial difference in the examined variables, both in the regional framework and within the types of communes, was found. The mean interdependence was identified between grant-based expenses and the level of financial autonomy of the cities with county rights.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129644262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
ROLE OF THE PATENT SYSTEM IN THE INTERNATIONALI-ZATION OF THE DIFFUSION OF TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE 专利制度在技术知识传播国际化中的作用
Pub Date : 2019-12-20 DOI: 10.25167/ees.2019.51.2
Małgorzata Niklewicz-Pijaczyńska
The article attempts to show the role of the patent system in the internationalization of diffusion of technical knowledge. Its purpose is to analyse, use of international technical knowledge made available through patent systems, by Polish companies that are inventively active. For its implementation, research was carried out based on a qualitative analysis of the so-called patent citations, included in the technical documentation submitted for the protection of inventions. Conclusions resulting from the research show a high degree of internationalization of the diffusion of technical knowledge in relation to scientific and technical publications and low when the existing technical solutions are the basis.
本文试图展示专利制度在技术知识国际化扩散中的作用。其目的是分析波兰公司通过专利制度获得的国际技术知识的使用情况,这些公司具有创造性。为了实施这项计划,对所谓的专利引文进行了定性分析,这些引文包括在为保护发明而提交的技术文件中。研究得出的结论表明,与科学和技术出版物有关的技术知识传播的国际化程度很高,而以现有技术解决办法为基础的技术知识传播的国际化程度很低。
{"title":"ROLE OF THE PATENT SYSTEM IN THE INTERNATIONALI-ZATION OF THE DIFFUSION OF TECHNICAL KNOWLEDGE","authors":"Małgorzata Niklewicz-Pijaczyńska","doi":"10.25167/ees.2019.51.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/ees.2019.51.2","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to show the role of the patent system in the internationalization of diffusion of technical knowledge. Its purpose is to analyse, use of international technical knowledge made available through patent systems, by Polish companies that are inventively active. For its implementation, research was carried out based on a qualitative analysis of the so-called patent citations, included in the technical documentation submitted for the protection of inventions. Conclusions resulting from the research show a high degree of internationalization of the diffusion of technical knowledge in relation to scientific and technical publications and low when the existing technical solutions are the basis.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127620566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cost structure of production as a determinant of the deflator of household consumption. The Input - Output approach. 生产成本结构是家庭消费缩减指数的决定因素。投入产出法。
Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.25167/EES.2019.50.4
A. Gorzałczyński
The presented considerations are an attempt to verify the possibility of using input-output tables for modeling and, as a consequence, to forecast inflation. The study is a continuation of previous simulation experiments performed on a limited statistical material. The study uses input-output tables expressed in current and constant prices, describing the economy of Denmark. This is the richest available set of tables of this type. Thanks to these tables it was possible to trace long-term changes in the structure of production costs and their impact on the deflator of household consumption.
所提出的考虑因素试图验证使用投入产出表进行建模的可能性,并由此预测通货膨胀。这项研究是以前在有限的统计资料基础上进行的模拟实验的延续。这项研究使用了以现行价格和不变价格表示的投入产出表来描述丹麦的经济。这是目前同类表格中最丰富的一套。通过这些表格,可以追踪生产成本结构的长期变化及其对家庭消费平减指数的影响。
{"title":"Cost structure of production as a determinant of the deflator of household consumption. The Input - Output approach.","authors":"A. Gorzałczyński","doi":"10.25167/EES.2019.50.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2019.50.4","url":null,"abstract":"The presented considerations are an attempt to verify the possibility of using input-output tables for modeling and, as a consequence, to forecast inflation. The study is a continuation of previous simulation experiments performed on a limited statistical material. The study uses input-output tables expressed in current and constant prices, describing the economy of Denmark. This is the richest available set of tables of this type. Thanks to these tables it was possible to trace long-term changes in the structure of production costs and their impact on the deflator of household consumption.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128037757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Identification of differences between group and individual life insurance for employees 鉴别员工团体人寿保险与个人人寿保险的差异
Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.25167/EES.2019.50.2
Anna Piechota
Group life insurance for employees is one of numerous voluntary insurance products covering employees’ personal risks. It can be an important complement to mandatory insurance arrangements (especially social insurance schemes) that provide personal coverage for workers. While employees may take out their life insurance on an individual basis, employer-offered group life insurance is an attractive alternative. Joining a group insurance plan is an employee’s individual decision that should be taken based on his or her knowledge of the terms of coverage. The purpose of this article is to point out the differences between employee group life coverage and individual life insurance, with a particular emphasis on insurance funding aspects and how they affect certain aspects of relevance to employees.
员工团体人寿保险是涵盖员工个人风险的众多自愿性保险产品之一。它可以作为强制性保险安排(特别是社会保险计划)的重要补充,为工人提供个人保险。虽然雇员可以在个人基础上购买他们的人寿保险,但雇主提供的团体人寿保险是一个有吸引力的选择。加入团体保险计划是员工的个人决定,应该根据他或她对保险条款的了解来做出决定。本文的目的是指出员工团体人寿保险和个人人寿保险之间的差异,特别强调保险资金方面以及它们如何影响与员工相关的某些方面。
{"title":"Identification of differences between group and individual life insurance for employees","authors":"Anna Piechota","doi":"10.25167/EES.2019.50.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2019.50.2","url":null,"abstract":"Group life insurance for employees is one of numerous voluntary insurance products covering employees’ personal risks. It can be an important complement to mandatory insurance arrangements (especially social insurance schemes) that provide personal coverage for workers. While employees may take out their life insurance on an individual basis, employer-offered group life insurance is an attractive alternative. Joining a group insurance plan is an employee’s individual decision that should be taken based on his or her knowledge of the terms of coverage. The purpose of this article is to point out the differences between employee group life coverage and individual life insurance, with a particular emphasis on insurance funding aspects and how they affect certain aspects of relevance to employees.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132497152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Changes in consumption behaviours of Polish seniors - singles in 2007 and 2016 2007年和2016年波兰老年单身者消费行为的变化
Pub Date : 2019-09-20 DOI: 10.25167/EES.2019.50.3
T. Słaby
The increase in the share of the number of older people in the Polish population requires constant diagnosis of the degree of satisfying their needs. One of the ways of such assessment is the dynamic analysis of changes in the goods and services consumption. The author's research task was to find an answer to the question whether according to subjective opinions of seniors in 2007, there were consumption restrictions caused primarily by the deterioration of the their material situation and whether this situation deepened over the next 10 years. The aim of the article is to analyze the distribution of responses to this question in 2007 and 2016 based on the results of the GUS household budget surveys in single-person households (singles), where the situation may be particularly difficult. Two age groups were distinguished, differentiating the responses. The choice of years of observation was based on the occurrence of favourable assessments of the economic and social situations in these periods. One- and multi-dimensional tools of statistical analysis were used.
老年人在波兰人口中所占比例的增加需要不断地诊断他们的需求得到满足的程度。这种评估的方法之一是对商品和服务消费变化的动态分析。作者的研究任务是找到一个问题的答案,即根据2007年老年人的主观意见,是否存在主要是由于他们的物质状况恶化而导致的消费限制,以及这种情况在未来10年是否会加深。本文的目的是根据GUS对单身家庭(单身家庭)的家庭预算调查结果,分析2007年和2016年对这个问题的回答分布,这种情况可能特别困难。区分了两个年龄组,区分了反应。选择观察年份是根据对这些时期的经济和社会情况作出有利的评价。采用了一维和多维统计分析工具。
{"title":"Changes in consumption behaviours of Polish seniors - singles in 2007 and 2016","authors":"T. Słaby","doi":"10.25167/EES.2019.50.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2019.50.3","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in the share of the number of older people in the Polish population requires constant diagnosis of the degree of satisfying their needs. One of the ways of such assessment is the dynamic analysis of changes in the goods and services consumption. The author's research task was to find an answer to the question whether according to subjective opinions of seniors in 2007, there were consumption restrictions caused primarily by the deterioration of the their material situation and whether this situation deepened over the next 10 years. The aim of the article is to analyze the distribution of responses to this question in 2007 and 2016 based on the results of the GUS household budget surveys in single-person households (singles), where the situation may be particularly difficult. Two age groups were distinguished, differentiating the responses. The choice of years of observation was based on the occurrence of favourable assessments of the economic and social situations in these periods. One- and multi-dimensional tools of statistical analysis were used.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130857484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Demographic determinants of regional development in Eastern Poland 波兰东部区域发展的人口决定因素
Pub Date : 2019-09-17 DOI: 10.25167/EES.2019.50.1
Łukasz Karol Bugowski
Research Background: Demography affects human capital, which today is one of the most important factors of regional development. Demographic factors create possibilities or limit the expansion of the knowledge and skills and condition socio-economic activity. In other words, demography can favour or block regional development. Negative demographic trends, in particular referring to the size and structure of the population as well as population growth, are a significant challenge of regional policy. In addition, in the case of regions with a lower level of development, the migration rate is negative, which in turn may limit regional development. As a consequence, the following hypothesis will be verified in the article: demographic processes are a barrier to the development of regions in Eastern Poland.Purpose of the paper: The main objective of the article is to analyze the spatial diversity of demographic phenomena in Eastern Poland, along with the identification of areas with unfavorable demographic developmental conditions. Implementation of the second objective is to carry out the analysis at the level of subregions, not regions, which will allow for more precise analysis of negative demographic phenomena.Methodology/Methods/Data sources: In the article the method of linear ordering of objects using the taxonomic measure of Z. Hellwig's development is used. In addition, a comparative analysis of the main demographic phenomena in 2010, 2013 and 2016 in Eastern Poland was carried out. The main source of data used in the article was the Statistics Poland (Local Data Bank). Findings: The analysis allows to conclude that in 2010-2016 in Eastern Poland an increase in the demographic burden resulting from the aging population was observed. In addition, the migration rate is negative and sub-replacement fertility rate is common in the majority of the subregions. As a consequence, negative demographic phenomena are increasingly limiting human capital and indirectly have a negative impact on regional development. However, the conducted analysis allows to distinguish subregions with positive values of the analyzed indicators, but it refers only to a few regions including a capital of a given voivodeships, and do not significantly affect the negative general demographic trends in Eastern Poland.
研究背景:人口影响着人力资本,人力资本是当今区域发展最重要的因素之一。人口因素创造可能性或限制知识和技能的扩展,并制约社会经济活动。换句话说,人口结构可以促进或阻碍区域发展。消极的人口趋势,特别是指人口的规模和结构以及人口增长,是对区域政策的重大挑战。此外,在发展水平较低的地区,移民率为负,这反过来又可能限制区域发展。因此,本文将验证以下假设:人口进程是波兰东部各区域发展的障碍。本文的目的:本文的主要目的是分析波兰东部人口现象的空间多样性,并确定人口发展条件不利的地区。第二个目标的执行是在分区域而不是区域一级进行分析,这将能够更精确地分析消极的人口现象。方法/方法/资料来源:本文采用Z. Hellwig发展的分类学测度对对象进行线性排序的方法。此外,对波兰东部2010年、2013年和2016年的主要人口现象进行了比较分析。本文使用的主要数据来源是波兰统计局(当地数据库)。研究结果:分析得出结论,2010-2016年波兰东部人口老龄化导致人口负担增加。此外,移徙率为负,次更替生育率在大多数次区域都很常见。因此,消极的人口现象日益限制人力资本,并间接对区域发展产生消极影响。然而,所进行的分析可以区分所分析指标为正值的分区域,但它只涉及包括某一省份首府在内的少数区域,并没有显著影响波兰东部消极的总体人口趋势。
{"title":"Demographic determinants of regional development in Eastern Poland","authors":"Łukasz Karol Bugowski","doi":"10.25167/EES.2019.50.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2019.50.1","url":null,"abstract":"Research Background: Demography affects human capital, which today is one of the most important factors of regional development. Demographic factors create possibilities or limit the expansion of the knowledge and skills and condition socio-economic activity. In other words, demography can favour or block regional development. Negative demographic trends, in particular referring to the size and structure of the population as well as population growth, are a significant challenge of regional policy. In addition, in the case of regions with a lower level of development, the migration rate is negative, which in turn may limit regional development. As a consequence, the following hypothesis will be verified in the article: demographic processes are a barrier to the development of regions in Eastern Poland.Purpose of the paper: The main objective of the article is to analyze the spatial diversity of demographic phenomena in Eastern Poland, along with the identification of areas with unfavorable demographic developmental conditions. Implementation of the second objective is to carry out the analysis at the level of subregions, not regions, which will allow for more precise analysis of negative demographic phenomena.Methodology/Methods/Data sources: In the article the method of linear ordering of objects using the taxonomic measure of Z. Hellwig's development is used. In addition, a comparative analysis of the main demographic phenomena in 2010, 2013 and 2016 in Eastern Poland was carried out. The main source of data used in the article was the Statistics Poland (Local Data Bank). Findings: The analysis allows to conclude that in 2010-2016 in Eastern Poland an increase in the demographic burden resulting from the aging population was observed. In addition, the migration rate is negative and sub-replacement fertility rate is common in the majority of the subregions. As a consequence, negative demographic phenomena are increasingly limiting human capital and indirectly have a negative impact on regional development. However, the conducted analysis allows to distinguish subregions with positive values of the analyzed indicators, but it refers only to a few regions including a capital of a given voivodeships, and do not significantly affect the negative general demographic trends in Eastern Poland.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"73 4 Pt 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131818176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Climate Policy Integration in the Land Use System with Ecological Thresholds 具有生态阈值的土地利用系统中的气候政策整合
Pub Date : 2019-06-07 DOI: 10.25167/EES.2019.49.6
Martin Lopez
The land use sector is an area with high potential to pursue mitigation and adaptation goals alike. However, due to the complexity derived from managing landscapes with multiple objectives and the lack of tools to assess the outcome, this potential is presumably subtilized in practice. In order to contribute to fill in this knowledge gap, this paper analyzes climate policy integration –the joint implementation of mitigation and adaptation measures- in the presence ecological thresholds. Based on a hypothetical yet realistic economic-ecologic system, the synergic properties of different isolated and integrated policy configurations were analyzed using a dynamic optimization framework and simulation tools. The results indicate that, regardless of specific circumstances (e.g. observing or not a regime shift), the configuration that better compiled with the definition of a synergy corresponded to a cross sectorial approach: an intervention involving coordination between agriculture and forestry. This result suggests that harmonization among the elements that compose the land use sector is the main source of an enhanced policy outcome. Thus, effective integration requires looking at the land use sector as an entity (e.g. a landscape) rather than isolated components (e.g. agriculture and forestry sectors).
土地利用部门在实现缓解和适应目标方面具有很高的潜力。然而,由于具有多个目标的景观管理的复杂性和缺乏评估结果的工具,这种潜力可能在实践中被细化。为了填补这一知识空白,本文分析了在存在生态阈值的情况下,气候政策整合——联合实施减缓和适应措施。基于一个假设而又现实的经济生态系统,运用动态优化框架和仿真工具,分析了不同孤立和综合政策配置的协同特性。结果表明,无论具体情况如何(例如,观察或不观察制度转变),与协同作用定义更好地编制的配置对应于跨部门方法:涉及农业和林业之间协调的干预措施。这一结果表明,构成土地利用部门的要素之间的协调是增强政策结果的主要来源。因此,有效的一体化需要将土地利用部门视为一个实体(例如景观),而不是孤立的组成部分(例如农业和林业部门)。
{"title":"Climate Policy Integration in the Land Use System with Ecological Thresholds","authors":"Martin Lopez","doi":"10.25167/EES.2019.49.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2019.49.6","url":null,"abstract":"The land use sector is an area with high potential to pursue mitigation and adaptation goals alike. However, due to the complexity derived from managing landscapes with multiple objectives and the lack of tools to assess the outcome, this potential is presumably subtilized in practice. In order to contribute to fill in this knowledge gap, this paper analyzes climate policy integration –the joint implementation of mitigation and adaptation measures- in the presence ecological thresholds. Based on a hypothetical yet realistic economic-ecologic system, the synergic properties of different isolated and integrated policy configurations were analyzed using a dynamic optimization framework and simulation tools. The results indicate that, regardless of specific circumstances (e.g. observing or not a regime shift), the configuration that better compiled with the definition of a synergy corresponded to a cross sectorial approach: an intervention involving coordination between agriculture and forestry. This result suggests that harmonization among the elements that compose the land use sector is the main source of an enhanced policy outcome. Thus, effective integration requires looking at the land use sector as an entity (e.g. a landscape) rather than isolated components (e.g. agriculture and forestry sectors).","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126796704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Public Participation in Local Development in the Opinion of Local Governments and Social Economy Entities 地方政府和社会经济主体对地方发展的公众参与
Pub Date : 2019-06-07 DOI: 10.25167/EES.2019.49.4
B. Kryk, Izabela Szamrej-Baran
In the new paradigm of territorial development, an important role is attributed to the cooperation of local government units with the society, considered as a factor of local development. This cooperation is determined, among others, by engaging citizens in local matters, including through social economy entities. Local authorities of the entities of social economy perceive and evaluate this activity in a slightly different way, which is not conducive to the development of cooperation or the region. Thus, the purpose of the article is to assess the role and level of social participation in local development in the light of the opinions of local governments and entities of social economy. The following methods were used in the study: literature analysis, comparative analysis of the results of surveys carried out in the communes of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship and among social economy entities operating in this area (research was carried out in 2017-2018), inference and plus evaluations. They enabled (1) a synthetic assessment of the role and level of social involvement in local development and an indication of differences in its perception by the surveyed entities, as well as (2) formulating recommendations for improving cooperation between local governments and the society and social economy entities.
在新的领土发展范式中,地方政府单位与社会的合作被认为是地方发展的一个因素,具有重要的作用。除其他外,这种合作取决于公民参与地方事务,包括通过社会经济实体。社会经济实体的地方当局对这种活动的看法和评价略有不同,这不利于合作或区域的发展。因此,本文的目的是根据地方政府和社会经济实体的意见,评估社会参与在地方发展中的作用和水平。本研究采用了以下方法:文献分析、在西波美拉尼亚省的公社和在该地区经营的社会经济实体之间进行的调查结果的比较分析(研究于2017-2018年进行)、推理和加值评估。它们能够(1)对社会参与在地方发展中的作用和水平进行综合评估,并表明被调查实体对其看法的差异,以及(2)为改善地方政府与社会和社会经济实体之间的合作提出建议。
{"title":"Public Participation in Local Development in the Opinion of Local Governments and Social Economy Entities","authors":"B. Kryk, Izabela Szamrej-Baran","doi":"10.25167/EES.2019.49.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2019.49.4","url":null,"abstract":"In the new paradigm of territorial development, an important role is attributed to the cooperation of local government units with the society, considered as a factor of local development. This cooperation is determined, among others, by engaging citizens in local matters, including through social economy entities. Local authorities of the entities of social economy perceive and evaluate this activity in a slightly different way, which is not conducive to the development of cooperation or the region. Thus, the purpose of the article is to assess the role and level of social participation in local development in the light of the opinions of local governments and entities of social economy. The following methods were used in the study: literature analysis, comparative analysis of the results of surveys carried out in the communes of the West Pomeranian Voivodeship and among social economy entities operating in this area (research was carried out in 2017-2018), inference and plus evaluations. They enabled (1) a synthetic assessment of the role and level of social involvement in local development and an indication of differences in its perception by the surveyed entities, as well as (2) formulating recommendations for improving cooperation between local governments and the society and social economy entities.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129105627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Knowledge-based agriculture in Central and Eastern European Countries' bioeconomy 中东欧国家生物经济中的知识型农业
Pub Date : 2019-06-07 DOI: 10.25167/EES.2019.49.7
V. Vásáry
The European Union’s agriculture, aquaculture, forestry and food industry sees significant internal disparities in terms of research and innovation performance to the disadvantage of the CEE countries. This divide hinders the unlocking of excellence in low-performing research, development and innovation regions and the establishment of transnational cooperation for knowledge-based development, thus the appearance of specific research topics relevant to the CEE macro-region among others in Horizon 2020 work programmes. To bridge the gap the specific challenges in the sector should be faced through the lens of bioeconomy. At the same time there is no doubt that bioeconomy requires accompanying strategies and shared strategic research and innovation framework. As this framework has already been offered by the Central-Eastern European Initiative for Knowledge-based Agriculture, Aquaculture and Forestry in the Bioeconomy, i.e. by the BIOEAST Initiative the CEE countries are provided with an opportunity to achieve further progress in sustainable growth of agriculture, aquaculture, forestry and food industry. The paper is aimed at providing a brief theoretical background on bioeconomy and related bioeconomy strategies and policies and analysing key socio-economic indicators of the ‘BIOEAST countries’ bioeconomy (Visegrad Countries, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovenia and Croatia). Furthermore, it interprets the results of the ‘BIOEAST Bioeconomy Capacity Building Survey’, the respondents of which were chosen randomly through personal contacts of experts (who created a judgement sample) and by snowball sampling to get further contacts. The questionnaire was sent to a small subset of the target groups – business, academic, public sector stakeholders - and the answers were examined through descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The focus was set on what stakeholders think the most beneficial for the CEE macro region in developing the bioeconomy and what type of intervention they identify as necessary to overcome barriers, to manage bottlenecks. The results highlight some implications for policymakers and point out that the creation of sustainable bioeconomy requires triple-helix stakeholders to find efficient collaboration mechanisms and build synergies.
欧盟的农业、水产养殖、林业和食品工业在研究和创新绩效方面存在显著的内部差异,这对中东欧国家不利。这种差距阻碍了低绩效研究、开发和创新地区的卓越表现,也阻碍了建立以知识为基础的发展的跨国合作,因此,在“地平线2020”工作计划中,出现了与中东欧宏观区域相关的具体研究课题。为了弥合这一差距,应该通过生物经济的视角来面对该部门的具体挑战。同时,毫无疑问,生物经济需要配套的战略和共享的战略研究和创新框架。由于中欧-东欧生物经济知识型农业、水产养殖和林业倡议(即BIOEAST倡议)已经提供了这一框架,因此中东欧国家有机会在农业、水产养殖、林业和食品工业的可持续增长方面取得进一步进展。本文旨在简要介绍生物经济及其相关生物经济战略和政策的理论背景,并分析“BIOEAST”国家(维谢格拉德国家、保加利亚、罗马尼亚、斯洛文尼亚和克罗地亚)生物经济的主要社会经济指标。此外,它还解释了“BIOEAST生物经济能力建设调查”的结果,调查对象是通过专家的个人接触(他们创建了一个判断样本)和滚雪球抽样的方式随机选择的。调查问卷被发送给一小部分目标群体——商业、学术、公共部门利益相关者——并通过描述性和推断性统计分析对答案进行检验。重点是利益相关者认为对中东欧宏观区域发展生物经济最有利的是什么,以及他们认为克服障碍、管理瓶颈所必需的干预类型。研究结果强调了对决策者的一些启示,并指出创建可持续生物经济需要三螺旋利益相关者找到有效的合作机制并建立协同效应。
{"title":"Knowledge-based agriculture in Central and Eastern European Countries' bioeconomy","authors":"V. Vásáry","doi":"10.25167/EES.2019.49.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2019.49.7","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union’s agriculture, aquaculture, forestry and food industry sees significant internal disparities in terms of research and innovation performance to the disadvantage of the CEE countries. This divide hinders the unlocking of excellence in low-performing research, development and innovation regions and the establishment of transnational cooperation for knowledge-based development, thus the appearance of specific research topics relevant to the CEE macro-region among others in Horizon 2020 work programmes. To bridge the gap the specific challenges in the sector should be faced through the lens of bioeconomy. At the same time there is no doubt that bioeconomy requires accompanying strategies and shared strategic research and innovation framework. As this framework has already been offered by the Central-Eastern European Initiative for Knowledge-based Agriculture, Aquaculture and Forestry in the Bioeconomy, i.e. by the BIOEAST Initiative the CEE countries are provided with an opportunity to achieve further progress in sustainable growth of agriculture, aquaculture, forestry and food industry. \u0000The paper is aimed at providing a brief theoretical background on bioeconomy and related bioeconomy strategies and policies and analysing key socio-economic indicators of the ‘BIOEAST countries’ bioeconomy (Visegrad Countries, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovenia and Croatia). Furthermore, it interprets the results of the ‘BIOEAST Bioeconomy Capacity Building Survey’, the respondents of which were chosen randomly through personal contacts of experts (who created a judgement sample) and by snowball sampling to get further contacts. The questionnaire was sent to a small subset of the target groups – business, academic, public sector stakeholders - and the answers were examined through descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. The focus was set on what stakeholders think the most beneficial for the CEE macro region in developing the bioeconomy and what type of intervention they identify as necessary to overcome barriers, to manage bottlenecks. The results highlight some implications for policymakers and point out that the creation of sustainable bioeconomy requires triple-helix stakeholders to find efficient collaboration mechanisms and build synergies.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115437265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
期刊
Economic and Environmental Studies
全部 Acc. Chem. Res. ACS Applied Bio Materials ACS Appl. Electron. Mater. ACS Appl. Energy Mater. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces ACS Appl. Nano Mater. ACS Appl. Polym. Mater. ACS BIOMATER-SCI ENG ACS Catal. ACS Cent. Sci. ACS Chem. Biol. ACS Chemical Health & Safety ACS Chem. Neurosci. ACS Comb. Sci. ACS Earth Space Chem. ACS Energy Lett. ACS Infect. Dis. ACS Macro Lett. ACS Mater. Lett. ACS Med. Chem. Lett. ACS Nano ACS Omega ACS Photonics ACS Sens. ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng. ACS Synth. Biol. Anal. Chem. BIOCHEMISTRY-US Bioconjugate Chem. BIOMACROMOLECULES Chem. Res. Toxicol. Chem. Rev. Chem. Mater. CRYST GROWTH DES ENERG FUEL Environ. Sci. Technol. Environ. Sci. Technol. Lett. Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. IND ENG CHEM RES Inorg. Chem. J. Agric. Food. Chem. J. Chem. Eng. Data J. Chem. Educ. J. Chem. Inf. Model. J. Chem. Theory Comput. J. Med. Chem. J. Nat. Prod. J PROTEOME RES J. Am. Chem. Soc. LANGMUIR MACROMOLECULES Mol. Pharmaceutics Nano Lett. Org. Lett. ORG PROCESS RES DEV ORGANOMETALLICS J. Org. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. J. Phys. Chem. A J. Phys. Chem. B J. Phys. Chem. C J. Phys. Chem. Lett. Analyst Anal. Methods Biomater. Sci. Catal. Sci. Technol. Chem. Commun. Chem. Soc. Rev. CHEM EDUC RES PRACT CRYSTENGCOMM Dalton Trans. Energy Environ. Sci. ENVIRON SCI-NANO ENVIRON SCI-PROC IMP ENVIRON SCI-WAT RES Faraday Discuss. Food Funct. Green Chem. Inorg. Chem. Front. Integr. Biol. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. J. Mater. Chem. A J. Mater. Chem. B J. Mater. Chem. C Lab Chip Mater. Chem. Front. Mater. Horiz. MEDCHEMCOMM Metallomics Mol. Biosyst. Mol. Syst. Des. Eng. Nanoscale Nanoscale Horiz. Nat. Prod. Rep. New J. Chem. Org. Biomol. Chem. Org. Chem. Front. PHOTOCH PHOTOBIO SCI PCCP Polym. Chem.
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
0
微信
客服QQ
Book学术公众号 扫码关注我们
反馈
×
意见反馈
请填写您的意见或建议
请填写您的手机或邮箱
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
Book学术官方微信
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献 互助须知 联系我们:info@booksci.cn
Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。
Copyright © 2023 Book学术 All rights reserved.
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号 京ICP备2023020795号-1