Polish legislation names the general health insurance system as the main source of health care funding. Public health care funding in Poland is relatively small compared with other European countries, which restricts population’s access to medical services and exposes the health care system to constant criticism (the Euro Health Consumer Index, 2017). The rising demand for health care and medical services, driven by demographic and technological factors as well as by changing expectations towards the services standard, is another reason why a search for alternative sources of health care funding seems inevitable. It is viewed that one of the solutions that might facilitate the functioning of the Polish health care system is private health insurance that could become a major element of national health care policy and provide the health care system with extra funding. The article presents some aspects of health care funding in Poland that are likely to increase interest in private health insurance and outlines the level of development of this insurance sub-market using the selected statistics (the number of insured persons, gross written premiums). The article has been prepared based on data provided by the Central Statistical Office, the Polish Insurance Association and Eurostat.
{"title":"Financing health care and the development prospects of private health insurance in Poland","authors":"I. Laskowska","doi":"10.25167/EES.2018.46.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2018.46.14","url":null,"abstract":"Polish legislation names the general health insurance system as the main source of health care funding. Public health care funding in Poland is relatively small compared with other European countries, which restricts population’s access to medical services and exposes the health care system to constant criticism (the Euro Health Consumer Index, 2017). The rising demand for health care and medical services, driven by demographic and technological factors as well as by changing expectations towards the services standard, is another reason why a search for alternative sources of health care funding seems inevitable. It is viewed that one of the solutions that might facilitate the functioning of the Polish health care system is private health insurance that could become a major element of national health care policy and provide the health care system with extra funding. The article presents some aspects of health care funding in Poland that are likely to increase interest in private health insurance and outlines the level of development of this insurance sub-market using the selected statistics (the number of insured persons, gross written premiums). The article has been prepared based on data provided by the Central Statistical Office, the Polish Insurance Association and Eurostat.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114260474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A series of experiments was run in order to evaluate the usability of two different measurement approaches: ratings and ranks (pairwise comparisons). Respondents were asked to assess perceived characteristics (i.e. height and length) of different physical objects by using either a rating or a ranking scale. An artificial neural network model was built to analyse the ranks and standard statistical tests were applied to analyse the ratings. The results were then statistically compared with actual (real) characteristics of objects (i.e. their real height and length). Both systems for measuring values were found equally valid in projecting reality. Such findings offer some methodological and epistemological insights, as they provide information on the measurement power of each scale in terms of approximating real-life phenomena.
{"title":"Ratings or pairwise comparisons? An experimental study on scale usability","authors":"Malgorzata Karpinska-Krakowiak","doi":"10.25167/EES.2018.46.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2018.46.11","url":null,"abstract":"A series of experiments was run in order to evaluate the usability of two different measurement approaches: ratings and ranks (pairwise comparisons). Respondents were asked to assess perceived characteristics (i.e. height and length) of different physical objects by using either a rating or a ranking scale. An artificial neural network model was built to analyse the ranks and standard statistical tests were applied to analyse the ratings. The results were then statistically compared with actual (real) characteristics of objects (i.e. their real height and length). Both systems for measuring values were found equally valid in projecting reality. Such findings offer some methodological and epistemological insights, as they provide information on the measurement power of each scale in terms of approximating real-life phenomena.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123681925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Contemporary agricultural companies are turning into complex businesses. Living in the countryside and running a holding is no longer a lifestyle but rather a business model aimed at manufacturing goods and bringing profit. In order to enhance their competitiveness, agricultural companies are getting more and more interested in external financing, mostly in preferential loans granted by cooperative banks. The study on the activity of Krakowski Bank Spółdzielczy (Cooperative Bank of Cracow), granting loans to agricultural companies in the Małopolska Region in 2004-2016, showed that farmers with university degrees, including those in agricultural sciences, were the largest group granted preferential loans. The smallest group consisted of farmers with elementary education. Loans for building and modernising farms had the largest percentage share. Spending the money granted on preferential terms in a rational way had a positive impact on the production and economic efficiency of farms, contributing to an increase in their agricultural income and production, as well as fostering an increase in the production costs, which positively influenced the financial results of the companies.
{"title":"Preferential loan borrowers and the benefits of granting loans to agricultural companies in the Małopolska Region by Krakowski Bank Spółdzielczy in 2004-2016","authors":"Tomasz Tuteja","doi":"10.25167/EES.2018.46.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2018.46.30","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary agricultural companies are turning into complex businesses. Living in the countryside and running a holding is no longer a lifestyle but rather a business model aimed at manufacturing goods and bringing profit. In order to enhance their competitiveness, agricultural companies are getting more and more interested in external financing, mostly in preferential loans granted by cooperative banks. The study on the activity of Krakowski Bank Spółdzielczy (Cooperative Bank of Cracow), granting loans to agricultural companies in the Małopolska Region in 2004-2016, showed that farmers with university degrees, including those in agricultural sciences, were the largest group granted preferential loans. The smallest group consisted of farmers with elementary education. Loans for building and modernising farms had the largest percentage share. Spending the money granted on preferential terms in a rational way had a positive impact on the production and economic efficiency of farms, contributing to an increase in their agricultural income and production, as well as fostering an increase in the production costs, which positively influenced the financial results of the companies.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126829403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In March 2017, the Warsaw Declaration was signed, establishing provisions for the strategic alliance of the Visegrad Group countries, in the framework of which innovativeness is to become a new element of the cooperation between its members. The Warsaw Declaration provides for the initiation of cooperation between governmental agencies, research institutions, universities and local governments in the V4 countries. Within the framework of the envisaged cooperation, Poland has the ambition to become the leader of innovativeness in the group. In the context of the Warsaw Declaration objectives concerning close cooperation in the field of enhancing the innovation potential of the Visegrad Group's economies, the assessment of the level of innovativeness of the Polish economy in relation to the other countries of the group is important. The aim of the paper is, therefore, to make a comparison of this potential on the basis of the summary innovation index, published in the annual report of the European Commission entitled European Innovation Scoreboard, as well as on the basis of the components of this index. In the article, there was conducted a literature review on the innovativeness of the Polish economy, a descriptive analysis, an analysis of statistical data in time and a comparative analysis. The authors proposed also the research thesis that the Polish economy shows a weaker innovation potential than those recorded for the other countries of the group. Results of the research confirm the thesis to some extent. Poland holds a dominant position only in a few areas describing the innovation potential and for most of the studied indices the Polish economy is located “in the tail” of the group.
{"title":"Innovativeness of the Polish economy in relation to the Visegrad Group countries","authors":"Edyta Dworak, M. Grzelak","doi":"10.25167/EES.2018.46.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2018.46.3","url":null,"abstract":"In March 2017, the Warsaw Declaration was signed, establishing provisions for the strategic alliance of the Visegrad Group countries, in the framework of which innovativeness is to become a new element of the cooperation between its members. The Warsaw Declaration provides for the initiation of cooperation between governmental agencies, research institutions, universities and local governments in the V4 countries. Within the framework of the envisaged cooperation, Poland has the ambition to become the leader of innovativeness in the group. In the context of the Warsaw Declaration objectives concerning close cooperation in the field of enhancing the innovation potential of the Visegrad Group's economies, the assessment of the level of innovativeness of the Polish economy in relation to the other countries of the group is important. The aim of the paper is, therefore, to make a comparison of this potential on the basis of the summary innovation index, published in the annual report of the European Commission entitled European Innovation Scoreboard, as well as on the basis of the components of this index. In the article, there was conducted a literature review on the innovativeness of the Polish economy, a descriptive analysis, an analysis of statistical data in time and a comparative analysis. The authors proposed also the research thesis that the Polish economy shows a weaker innovation potential than those recorded for the other countries of the group. Results of the research confirm the thesis to some extent. Poland holds a dominant position only in a few areas describing the innovation potential and for most of the studied indices the Polish economy is located “in the tail” of the group.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115048260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper attempts to analyse the level and structure of consumption servicization in Polish households in the years 2000-2015 as well as directions of changes in this regard in the years 2005-2015. In addition, causes, advantages, and disadvantages of the increase in service expenses were analysed. The paper elaborates on the concerns that were taken up with the aid of secondary and primary data. The level of expenditure on services related to the use of apartments, health, transportation, communications, recreation and culture, education, and the use of restaurants and hotels was analysed. Classification of expenses is based on the Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose – COICOP 2013. The percentage of service expenses incurred by Polish households relative to the general expense structure is 51%, which makes Poland rank among developed countries that have service societies. The highest expenses are paid for the use of apartments and transportation, while the greatest increase in expenses in recent years took place in the use of restaurants and hotels. Fundamental reasons behind consumption servicization can be seen as rooted in the absence of free time, on the one hand, and in the increasing standard of living of Polish citizens, on the other hand.
{"title":"Diagnosis and causes of consumption servicization in Polish households","authors":"A. Murawska","doi":"10.25167/ees.2018.46.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/ees.2018.46.18","url":null,"abstract":"This paper attempts to analyse the level and structure of consumption servicization in Polish households in the years 2000-2015 as well as directions of changes in this regard in the years 2005-2015. In addition, causes, advantages, and disadvantages of the increase in service expenses were analysed. The paper elaborates on the concerns that were taken up with the aid of secondary and primary data. The level of expenditure on services related to the use of apartments, health, transportation, communications, recreation and culture, education, and the use of restaurants and hotels was analysed. Classification of expenses is based on the Classification of Individual Consumption According to Purpose – COICOP 2013. The percentage of service expenses incurred by Polish households relative to the general expense structure is 51%, which makes Poland rank among developed countries that have service societies. The highest expenses are paid for the use of apartments and transportation, while the greatest increase in expenses in recent years took place in the use of restaurants and hotels. Fundamental reasons behind consumption servicization can be seen as rooted in the absence of free time, on the one hand, and in the increasing standard of living of Polish citizens, on the other hand.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125081453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mirosława Szark-Eckardt, B. Augustyńska, E. Mikołajewska, D. Mikołajewski, M. Zasada
This article aims at investigating the extent to which the available opportunities are being exploited, including current and potential possibilities of novel technologies application for purposes of tourism of people with special needs. The research methods used were: logical-compartmental analysis and observation. Main results of analysis: Development of the knowledge-based economy, studies in it, and implementation of their results in practice, bring many untapped opportunities, including wider application of e-tourism in meeting requirements and needs of disabled people, elderly people or other groups, which have rarely been taken into consideration as separate groups within economic analyses. Practical implications: There is a need for working out novel business models, including the area of e-tourism for people with special needs, which will take into consideration national requirements and domestic possibilities.
{"title":"Possibilities of novel technologies application for purposes of tourism of people with special needs","authors":"Mirosława Szark-Eckardt, B. Augustyńska, E. Mikołajewska, D. Mikołajewski, M. Zasada","doi":"10.25167/EES.2018.46.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2018.46.25","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims at investigating the extent to which the available opportunities are being exploited, including current and potential possibilities of novel technologies application for purposes of tourism of people with special needs. The research methods used were: logical-compartmental analysis and observation. Main results of analysis: Development of the knowledge-based economy, studies in it, and implementation of their results in practice, bring many untapped opportunities, including wider application of e-tourism in meeting requirements and needs of disabled people, elderly people or other groups, which have rarely been taken into consideration as separate groups within economic analyses. Practical implications: There is a need for working out novel business models, including the area of e-tourism for people with special needs, which will take into consideration national requirements and domestic possibilities.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127324516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Health is considered to be the greatest invaluable good. This article concentrates on the level of advancement of medical services in Poland and in certain countries of the European Union. This research uses such indicators as: expenditure on health care, the level of morbidity, mortality, sick leaves, number of doctors, hospitals, as well as the average life expectancy. Dynamic indices were used in the determination of developmental trends. To capture similarities and differences in the level of medical services advancement, multidimensional scaling method was applied. Results of the study allow stating that a significant advancement in the development of medical and social care services can be observed. However, Poland still lags behind other countries where development of these services remains on a high level.
{"title":"The development of health protection and social care services in Poland and in the countries of the European Union","authors":"Agata Szczukocka","doi":"10.25167/EES.2018.46.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2018.46.26","url":null,"abstract":"Health is considered to be the greatest invaluable good. This article concentrates on the level of advancement of medical services in Poland and in certain countries of the European Union. This research uses such indicators as: expenditure on health care, the level of morbidity, mortality, sick leaves, number of doctors, hospitals, as well as the average life expectancy. Dynamic indices were used in the determination of developmental trends. To capture similarities and differences in the level of medical services advancement, multidimensional scaling method was applied. Results of the study allow stating that a significant advancement in the development of medical and social care services can be observed. However, Poland still lags behind other countries where development of these services remains on a high level.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133843569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of the article is to present a new approach to forecast trends of long-wave development: economy, society, education and culture. This approach is called Foresight. There have been many attempts to define Foresight. The lack of an unambiguous definition of this concept leads to many approaches to its measurement, which have not yielded the right results so far. Better results are defined by the concept of Knowledge-Based Economy KBE), which is based on the following pillars: human and social capital, technical infrastructure, research and development and institutional and legal factors. The analysis of these pillars helps to gain a competitive advantage (region, industry, national economy). The applied Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM), developed by the World Bank in 1999, is one of the methods for measuring the degree of development of KBE. It is connected with the development of a set of indicators describing the functioning of individual socio-economic dimensions, grouped in four categories: economic and institutional, education and human resources, information system and new technologies, information technologies. The second part of the article presents the analysis of the fourth pillar – information technologies, as an example of the impact of the development of information technologies on the growth of individual regions (voivodships). Synthetic indexes for voivodships of Poland in 2009-2015 were calculated. The research results present a significant spatial difference in the development of information technologies. Changes in this diversification of voivodships was presented for 2015 in relation to 2012 and 2009. Wacław SZYMANOWSKI, Gabriela BRUDNIAK 2
{"title":"Foresight of Information Society – the Knowledge-Based Economy. An attempt at measuring with the use of the example of spatial diversity of Poland’s voivodships (2009-2015)","authors":"W. Szymanowski, Gabriela Brudniak","doi":"10.25167/EES.2018.46.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2018.46.27","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the article is to present a new approach to forecast trends of long-wave development: economy, society, education and culture. This approach is called Foresight. There have been many attempts to define Foresight. The lack of an unambiguous definition of this concept leads to many approaches to its measurement, which have not yielded the right results so far. Better results are defined by the concept of Knowledge-Based Economy KBE), which is based on the following pillars: human and social capital, technical infrastructure, research and development and institutional and legal factors. The analysis of these pillars helps to gain a competitive advantage (region, industry, national economy). The applied Knowledge Assessment Methodology (KAM), developed by the World Bank in 1999, is one of the methods for measuring the degree of development of KBE. It is connected with the development of a set of indicators describing the functioning of individual socio-economic dimensions, grouped in four categories: economic and institutional, education and human resources, information system and new technologies, information technologies. The second part of the article presents the analysis of the fourth pillar – information technologies, as an example of the impact of the development of information technologies on the growth of individual regions (voivodships). Synthetic indexes for voivodships of Poland in 2009-2015 were calculated. The research results present a significant spatial difference in the development of information technologies. Changes in this diversification of voivodships was presented for 2015 in relation to 2012 and 2009. Wacław SZYMANOWSKI, Gabriela BRUDNIAK 2","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121222730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fraud is a serious problem in the world, which often implies huge financial losses. The risk of fraud which is committed in companies is often considered insignificant and no preventive measures are taken which would minimize the possibility of its occurrence. Often, companies also do not have any tools which would allow quick detection of fraud and its perpetrators. Recent years, however, have seen a growing interest among entrepreneurs in implementing an independent and objective internal audit, which is the basis for good management. The aim of this article is to present the nature and role of internal audit in detecting various types of fraud in enterprises and to indicate its growing role in the risk management process. The article discusses the basic issues related to fraud in enterprises. Particular attention is paid to highlighting the importance of the risk management process in the internal audit activity.
{"title":"The role of internal audit as a tool for detecting fraud","authors":"Dorota Burzyńska, M. Jabłońska","doi":"10.25167/EES.2018.46.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2018.46.1","url":null,"abstract":"Fraud is a serious problem in the world, which often implies huge financial losses. The risk of fraud which is committed in companies is often considered insignificant and no preventive measures are taken which would minimize the possibility of its occurrence. Often, companies also do not have any tools which would allow quick detection of fraud and its perpetrators. Recent years, however, have seen a growing interest among entrepreneurs in implementing an independent and objective internal audit, which is the basis for good management. The aim of this article is to present the nature and role of internal audit in detecting various types of fraud in enterprises and to indicate its growing role in the risk management process. The article discusses the basic issues related to fraud in enterprises. Particular attention is paid to highlighting the importance of the risk management process in the internal audit activity.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"121 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115885368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zbigniew DYK President of Bionor company, Poland Abstract: Currently, the constantly growing problem in the municipal economy is the management of sewage sludge. According to the law, it is the local government that is responsible for the utilization of sewage sludge and is obliged to select optimal technologies, obtain funds and convince the community of the necessity of its implementation. BIONOR Company has developed an innovative concept for the separation and utilization of sewage sludge in the BIONOR SLUDGE compact installation. This innovative technology is effective from the perspective of reducing the waste amount and can be used to solve the problem of utilization of sewage sludge produced in small, rural wastewater treatment plants. The aim of the article is the characterization of the BIONOR SLUDGE technology, a comparative analysis of costs of sludge disposal using a variety of methods and an indication of the importance of sludge management for the local development. To achieve the goal set in the article, a discriminative method was used a description of the BIONOR SLUDGE technological line as well as a case study method a comparative analysis of the costs of operation of BIONOR SLUDGE technological line and the costs of landfilling and utilizing of sewage sludge. The research results confirm that the monthly operational costs of the BIONOR SLUDGE technological line are lower than the costs of monthly landfilling or disposal. For potential municipalities, the introduction of BIONOR innovative technology is economical. Moreover, its usage is currently essential for many municipalities due to the introduction of a ban on landfilling of this type of waste from 1 January 2016. This technology can be used to solve the problem of utilization of sewage sludge generated in small, rural wastewater treatment plants.
{"title":"Sewage sludge management – a case study","authors":"Dorota Miłek, J. Latosińska, Z. Dyk","doi":"10.25167/EES.2018.46.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25167/EES.2018.46.16","url":null,"abstract":"Zbigniew DYK President of Bionor company, Poland Abstract: Currently, the constantly growing problem in the municipal economy is the management of sewage sludge. According to the law, it is the local government that is responsible for the utilization of sewage sludge and is obliged to select optimal technologies, obtain funds and convince the community of the necessity of its implementation. BIONOR Company has developed an innovative concept for the separation and utilization of sewage sludge in the BIONOR SLUDGE compact installation. This innovative technology is effective from the perspective of reducing the waste amount and can be used to solve the problem of utilization of sewage sludge produced in small, rural wastewater treatment plants. The aim of the article is the characterization of the BIONOR SLUDGE technology, a comparative analysis of costs of sludge disposal using a variety of methods and an indication of the importance of sludge management for the local development. To achieve the goal set in the article, a discriminative method was used a description of the BIONOR SLUDGE technological line as well as a case study method a comparative analysis of the costs of operation of BIONOR SLUDGE technological line and the costs of landfilling and utilizing of sewage sludge. The research results confirm that the monthly operational costs of the BIONOR SLUDGE technological line are lower than the costs of monthly landfilling or disposal. For potential municipalities, the introduction of BIONOR innovative technology is economical. Moreover, its usage is currently essential for many municipalities due to the introduction of a ban on landfilling of this type of waste from 1 January 2016. This technology can be used to solve the problem of utilization of sewage sludge generated in small, rural wastewater treatment plants.","PeriodicalId":408153,"journal":{"name":"Economic and Environmental Studies","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115081425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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