Oncocytic neoplasms can be seen in various organs, but they are usually detected in the thyroid, salivary glands, and kidneys. They contain oncocytic tumor cells that are recognized by their broad, eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm due to anomalous mitochondrial collection (1). Oncocytic neoplasms of the adrenal gland are uncommon and are generally benign and nonfunctioning. These tumors are more common in women and on the left adrenal gland. To date, 147 cases have been reported (2). Recent reports indicate that about 20% of the adrenocortical oncocytic neoplasms show malignant components and 10-20% produce hormones which may cause symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome or virilism (3).
{"title":"Oncocytic Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Rare Case Report","authors":"O. Üçer, Oğuzcan Erbatu, A. Tan, T. Müezzinoğlu","doi":"10.4274/UOB.975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/UOB.975","url":null,"abstract":"Oncocytic neoplasms can be seen in various organs, but they are usually detected in the thyroid, salivary glands, and kidneys. They contain oncocytic tumor cells that are recognized by their broad, eosinophilic and granular cytoplasm due to anomalous mitochondrial collection (1). Oncocytic neoplasms of the adrenal gland are uncommon and are generally benign and nonfunctioning. These tumors are more common in women and on the left adrenal gland. To date, 147 cases have been reported (2). Recent reports indicate that about 20% of the adrenocortical oncocytic neoplasms show malignant components and 10-20% produce hormones which may cause symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome or virilism (3).","PeriodicalId":40816,"journal":{"name":"Uroonkoloji Bulteni-Bulletin of Urooncology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47141050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common solid kidney tumor. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is the most frequently used imaging modality in the diagnosis, staging, and evaluation of recurrence and treatment response in patients with RCC. The overall success rate of CT for these indications is reported to be between 61% and 91% (1,2,3). However, as RCCs may appear isodense, hypodense, or hyperdense, it is difficult to distinguish benign and malignant renal masses by morphological methods (4). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended in cases where CT is contraindicated, such as patients who have contrast allergy or are pregnant. However, MRI is no more accurate than CT. This increases the importance of positron emission tomography (PET), which enables metabolic evaluation in addition to visualizing anatomic changes. In this review, we discuss currently available literature data regarding the use of PET applications with different radiopharmaceuticals in patients with RCC. Applications of Positron Emission Tomography in Renal Cell Carcinoma
{"title":"Positron Emission Tomography in Renal Cell Carcinoma","authors":"Ç. Soydal, Y. Urun","doi":"10.4274/UOB.946","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/UOB.946","url":null,"abstract":"Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common solid kidney tumor. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) is the most frequently used imaging modality in the diagnosis, staging, and evaluation of recurrence and treatment response in patients with RCC. The overall success rate of CT for these indications is reported to be between 61% and 91% (1,2,3). However, as RCCs may appear isodense, hypodense, or hyperdense, it is difficult to distinguish benign and malignant renal masses by morphological methods (4). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is recommended in cases where CT is contraindicated, such as patients who have contrast allergy or are pregnant. However, MRI is no more accurate than CT. This increases the importance of positron emission tomography (PET), which enables metabolic evaluation in addition to visualizing anatomic changes. In this review, we discuss currently available literature data regarding the use of PET applications with different radiopharmaceuticals in patients with RCC. Applications of Positron Emission Tomography in Renal Cell Carcinoma","PeriodicalId":40816,"journal":{"name":"Uroonkoloji Bulteni-Bulletin of Urooncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49152810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Organ-Preserving Approach in Bladder Cancer: Assessment of the Current Situation","authors":"R. Girgin, N. Mungan","doi":"10.4274/UOB.967","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/UOB.967","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40816,"journal":{"name":"Uroonkoloji Bulteni-Bulletin of Urooncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49263804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long-Term Outcomes of Patients Who Underwent Ureterocutaneostomy","authors":"F. Kızılay, A. Şimşir, İ. Cüreklibatır, Ç. Çal","doi":"10.4274/UOB.978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/UOB.978","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40816,"journal":{"name":"Uroonkoloji Bulteni-Bulletin of Urooncology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To evaluate the relationship between serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and neutrophillymphocyte ratio (NLR) in men without prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Between 2010 and 2017, 2631 male participants aged 50-70 years with a serum PSA level of 0-10 ng/mL were included from a population of 4643 healthy males who participated in a health screening program conducted by the İzmir Metropolitan Municipality Eşrefpaşa Hospital in the district villages of İzmir. Participants’ serum PSA, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol levels, and NLR were retrospectively assessed. Participants were grouped as those with high and low serum PSA levels, high and low glucose levels, and high and low cholesterol levels. Differences between the groups in terms of serum PSA levels, serum total cholesterol, glucose, and NLR were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the participants was 60.2±5.4 years and the mean serum PSA level was 1.28±1.20 ng/mL. The mean PSA value was higher in the high cholesterol group (1.36±1.33 vs 1.19±1.02, p<0.001) compared to the low cholesterol group, and the mean PSA value in the high glucose group was lower than in the low glucose group (1.08±0.86 vs 1.32±1.25, p<0.001). Compared to the normal PSA group, the high PSA group had higher mean cholesterol level (208.6±39.9 vs 203.3±41.8, p<0.001) and NLR (2.17±1.00 vs 2.06±0.89, p=0.039), but lower glucose level (108.5±32.5 vs 117.2±51.0, p=0.004). Serum PSA level was positively correlated with total cholesterol and NLR (r=0.074 and p<0.001, r=0.050 and p=0.011), and negatively with glucose level (r=-0.084 and p<0.001). Conclusion: Evaluation of total cholesterol, fasting glucose, and NLR, which may be associated with serum PSA levels, may help urologists when investigating elevated serum PSA levels in asymptomatic men aged 50-70 years who have not been diagnosed with prostate cancer.
目的:探讨无前列腺癌男性血清前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)水平与总胆固醇、空腹血糖、中性淋巴细胞比值(NLR)的关系。材料与方法:2010年至2017年，在İzmir区村庄的İzmir大都会市e refpa医院进行的健康筛查项目中，从4643名健康男性中纳入2631名年龄在50-70岁，血清PSA水平为0-10 ng/mL的男性参与者。回顾性评估参与者的血清PSA、空腹血糖、总胆固醇水平和NLR。参与者按血清PSA水平高低、血糖水平高低、胆固醇水平高低进行分组。分析两组间血清PSA水平、血清总胆固醇、葡萄糖和NLR的差异。结果:参与者平均年龄为60.2±5.4岁，平均血清PSA水平为1.28±1.20 ng/mL。高胆固醇组PSA均值高于低胆固醇组(1.36±1.33 vs 1.19±1.02,p<0.001)，高糖组PSA均值低于低糖组(1.08±0.86 vs 1.32±1.25,p<0.001)。与正常PSA组相比，高PSA组的平均胆固醇水平(208.6±39.9 vs 203.3±41.8,p<0.001)和NLR(2.17±1.00 vs 2.06±0.89,p=0.039)较高，血糖水平(108.5±32.5 vs 117.2±51.0,p=0.004)较低。血清PSA水平与总胆固醇和NLR呈正相关(r=0.074, p<0.001; r=0.050, p=0.011)，与葡萄糖水平呈负相关(r=-0.084, p<0.001)。结论:评估总胆固醇、空腹血糖和NLR可能与血清PSA水平相关，这可能有助于泌尿科医生调查50-70岁未诊断为前列腺癌的无症状男性血清PSA水平升高。
{"title":"Assessment of the Relationship Between Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Level and Serum Fasting Glucose, Total Cholesterol and Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Men Aged 50-70 Years with Prostate-Specific Antigen Level 0-10 ng/mL without Prostate Cancer Diagnosis","authors":"Bora Irer","doi":"10.4274/UOB.999","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/UOB.999","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To evaluate the relationship between serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, and neutrophillymphocyte ratio (NLR) in men without prostate cancer. Materials and Methods: Between 2010 and 2017, 2631 male participants aged 50-70 years with a serum PSA level of 0-10 ng/mL were included from a population of 4643 healthy males who participated in a health screening program conducted by the İzmir Metropolitan Municipality Eşrefpaşa Hospital in the district villages of İzmir. Participants’ serum PSA, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol levels, and NLR were retrospectively assessed. Participants were grouped as those with high and low serum PSA levels, high and low glucose levels, and high and low cholesterol levels. Differences between the groups in terms of serum PSA levels, serum total cholesterol, glucose, and NLR were analyzed. Results: The mean age of the participants was 60.2±5.4 years and the mean serum PSA level was 1.28±1.20 ng/mL. The mean PSA value was higher in the high cholesterol group (1.36±1.33 vs 1.19±1.02, p<0.001) compared to the low cholesterol group, and the mean PSA value in the high glucose group was lower than in the low glucose group (1.08±0.86 vs 1.32±1.25, p<0.001). Compared to the normal PSA group, the high PSA group had higher mean cholesterol level (208.6±39.9 vs 203.3±41.8, p<0.001) and NLR (2.17±1.00 vs 2.06±0.89, p=0.039), but lower glucose level (108.5±32.5 vs 117.2±51.0, p=0.004). Serum PSA level was positively correlated with total cholesterol and NLR (r=0.074 and p<0.001, r=0.050 and p=0.011), and negatively with glucose level (r=-0.084 and p<0.001). Conclusion: Evaluation of total cholesterol, fasting glucose, and NLR, which may be associated with serum PSA levels, may help urologists when investigating elevated serum PSA levels in asymptomatic men aged 50-70 years who have not been diagnosed with prostate cancer.","PeriodicalId":40816,"journal":{"name":"Uroonkoloji Bulteni-Bulletin of Urooncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48940364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I. Selvi, E. Öztürk, T. N. Yıkılmaz, N. Hamidi, H. Başar
{"title":"Reflection of Adjuvant Treatment Approaches for Early Stage Testis Tumors in Our Clinic","authors":"I. Selvi, E. Öztürk, T. N. Yıkılmaz, N. Hamidi, H. Başar","doi":"10.4274/UOB.973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/UOB.973","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40816,"journal":{"name":"Uroonkoloji Bulteni-Bulletin of Urooncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48486328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce: Engin Kaya MD, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Urology, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 312 304 56 01 E-mail: drenginkaya@yahoo.com ORCID-ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5112-6063 Re cei ved: 05.01.2018 Ac cep ted: 28.02.2018 Objective: To detect a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) cut-off for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) according to age in Turkey. Materials and Methods: A total of 532 men who had transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate due to elevated PSA and abnormal findings on digital rectal examination between January 2011 and January 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Elevated PSA was defined as ≥4 ng/mL. Patients were divided into groups 1-5 according to age: 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80 years. A PSA cut-off value was determined for each group. Results: The mean age was 66.45±8.21 (41-89) years. There were 20, 112, 222, 154, and 24 patients in groups 1-5, respectively. Mean PSA values were 6.04±3.88 (0.24-16.46) ng/mL, 6.8±4.17 (0.97-35.07) ng/mL, 10.51±8.53 (0.72-128.5) ng/mL, 20.41±36.64 (1.32-250) ng/mL, and 73.28±100.19 (9.33-344.1) ng/mL in groups 1-5, respectively. PSA cut-off values for csPCa were 7.08 ng/mL, 4.71 ng/mL, 7.30 ng/mL, 8.12 ng/mL, and 14.12 ng/mL in groups 1-5, respectively. Conclusion: There is a correlation between PSA and age in Turkey. Using the PSA cut-off values determined in our study would decrease the number of unnecessary biopsy procedures.
{"title":"What is the Prostate-Specific Antigen Cut-Off Value to Detect Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer According to Age in Turkey?","authors":"T. Ebiloğlu, E. Kaya","doi":"10.4274/UOB.970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/UOB.970","url":null,"abstract":"Ad dress for Cor res pon den ce: Engin Kaya MD, University of Health Sciences, Gülhane Training and Research Hospital, Clinic of Urology, Ankara, Turkey Phone: +90 312 304 56 01 E-mail: drenginkaya@yahoo.com ORCID-ID: orcid.org/0000-0002-5112-6063 Re cei ved: 05.01.2018 Ac cep ted: 28.02.2018 Objective: To detect a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) cut-off for clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) according to age in Turkey. Materials and Methods: A total of 532 men who had transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate due to elevated PSA and abnormal findings on digital rectal examination between January 2011 and January 2018 were retrospectively evaluated. Elevated PSA was defined as ≥4 ng/mL. Patients were divided into groups 1-5 according to age: 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, and ≥80 years. A PSA cut-off value was determined for each group. Results: The mean age was 66.45±8.21 (41-89) years. There were 20, 112, 222, 154, and 24 patients in groups 1-5, respectively. Mean PSA values were 6.04±3.88 (0.24-16.46) ng/mL, 6.8±4.17 (0.97-35.07) ng/mL, 10.51±8.53 (0.72-128.5) ng/mL, 20.41±36.64 (1.32-250) ng/mL, and 73.28±100.19 (9.33-344.1) ng/mL in groups 1-5, respectively. PSA cut-off values for csPCa were 7.08 ng/mL, 4.71 ng/mL, 7.30 ng/mL, 8.12 ng/mL, and 14.12 ng/mL in groups 1-5, respectively. Conclusion: There is a correlation between PSA and age in Turkey. Using the PSA cut-off values determined in our study would decrease the number of unnecessary biopsy procedures.","PeriodicalId":40816,"journal":{"name":"Uroonkoloji Bulteni-Bulletin of Urooncology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70979496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Özer Baran, A. Aykaç, S. Öner, Alpay Aktümen, Salih Bürlukkara, M. Sunay, H. Ozok
{"title":"Wunderlich Syndrome, Tuberous Sclerosis-Related Giant Renal Angiomyolipoma Rupture: Case Report","authors":"Özer Baran, A. Aykaç, S. Öner, Alpay Aktümen, Salih Bürlukkara, M. Sunay, H. Ozok","doi":"10.4274/UOB.994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/UOB.994","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40816,"journal":{"name":"Uroonkoloji Bulteni-Bulletin of Urooncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48617804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
U. Uyeturk, T. Duman, Burak Yılmaz, Nadire Küçüköztaş, U. Uyeturk
Renal cancer (RC) accounts for 3.2% of all newly diagnosed cancers, 4.1% in males and 2.5% in females (1). Approximately 90% of RCs are renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Based on tumor morphology, immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, and other molecular studies, the subtypes of RCC are clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, and collecting-duct or Bellini duct tumors. The most common subtype of RCC is clear cell carcinoma, with a rate of approximately 80% (2,3,4). Cigarette smoking and hypertension are the most important risk factors in the development of RCC (5,6). Surgery is very important in the treatment of RCC (7). As more patients are diagnosed in the early stages, partial nephrectomy is increasingly used instead of radical nephrectomy for treatment. RCC is a radioresistant tumor; thus, radiotherapy (RT) cannot be used in its treatment. RT can only be performed as palliative treatment in conditions such as brain and bone metastasis (8,9). Systemic treatment is not necessary Objective: Renal cancer (RC) accounts for 3.2% of all newly diagnosed cancers and approximately 90% of RC cases are renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Smoking and hypertension are the most important risk factors. The aim of our study was to evaluate the general characteristics of RCC patients in Bolu, Turkey. Materials and Methods: Patients who visited our medical oncology clinic and were diagnosed with RCC between January 1st, 2012 and May 31st, 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Eighty-one patients were diagnosed with RCC during the study period. The median age of the patients was 62 years (range: 38-87 years). Fifty-seven (70.4%) of the patients were male and 24 (29.6%) were female. Thirty patients (37.1%) were diagnosed incidentally. Forty-eight (59.3%) of the patients were smokers. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (58%). Radical nephrectomy was performed in 59 (72.8%) of the patients. The most common histological subtype was clear cell carcinoma (72.8%) and 39 (48.1%) were stage 1 when evaluated according to the stage of RCC. Of the 16 patients with metastatic disease, 11 (13.6%) received interferon therapy, and 5 patients (6.2%) refused treatment. After interferon treatment, 7 patients received targeted therapy with sunitinib/pazopanib as second-line treatment, 5 received everolimus as third-line treatment, and 3 received axitinib treatment as fourth-line treatment. Ten patients with bone metastasis underwent palliative radiotherapy. The median follow-up time of the patients was 21 months (0-123 months). Sixty-five patients (80.2%) survived this period. Conclusion: Smoking cessation and effective treatment of hypertension, preventable etiological factors of RCC, and incidental diagnosis of early RCC are very important. With early diagnosis, the partial nephrectomy rate might be increased.
{"title":"Evaluation of General Characteristics of Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients: A Single Center Experience","authors":"U. Uyeturk, T. Duman, Burak Yılmaz, Nadire Küçüköztaş, U. Uyeturk","doi":"10.4274/UOB.957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/UOB.957","url":null,"abstract":"Renal cancer (RC) accounts for 3.2% of all newly diagnosed cancers, 4.1% in males and 2.5% in females (1). Approximately 90% of RCs are renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Based on tumor morphology, immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, and other molecular studies, the subtypes of RCC are clear cell, papillary, chromophobe, and collecting-duct or Bellini duct tumors. The most common subtype of RCC is clear cell carcinoma, with a rate of approximately 80% (2,3,4). Cigarette smoking and hypertension are the most important risk factors in the development of RCC (5,6). Surgery is very important in the treatment of RCC (7). As more patients are diagnosed in the early stages, partial nephrectomy is increasingly used instead of radical nephrectomy for treatment. RCC is a radioresistant tumor; thus, radiotherapy (RT) cannot be used in its treatment. RT can only be performed as palliative treatment in conditions such as brain and bone metastasis (8,9). Systemic treatment is not necessary Objective: Renal cancer (RC) accounts for 3.2% of all newly diagnosed cancers and approximately 90% of RC cases are renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Smoking and hypertension are the most important risk factors. The aim of our study was to evaluate the general characteristics of RCC patients in Bolu, Turkey. Materials and Methods: Patients who visited our medical oncology clinic and were diagnosed with RCC between January 1st, 2012 and May 31st, 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Eighty-one patients were diagnosed with RCC during the study period. The median age of the patients was 62 years (range: 38-87 years). Fifty-seven (70.4%) of the patients were male and 24 (29.6%) were female. Thirty patients (37.1%) were diagnosed incidentally. Forty-eight (59.3%) of the patients were smokers. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (58%). Radical nephrectomy was performed in 59 (72.8%) of the patients. The most common histological subtype was clear cell carcinoma (72.8%) and 39 (48.1%) were stage 1 when evaluated according to the stage of RCC. Of the 16 patients with metastatic disease, 11 (13.6%) received interferon therapy, and 5 patients (6.2%) refused treatment. After interferon treatment, 7 patients received targeted therapy with sunitinib/pazopanib as second-line treatment, 5 received everolimus as third-line treatment, and 3 received axitinib treatment as fourth-line treatment. Ten patients with bone metastasis underwent palliative radiotherapy. The median follow-up time of the patients was 21 months (0-123 months). Sixty-five patients (80.2%) survived this period. Conclusion: Smoking cessation and effective treatment of hypertension, preventable etiological factors of RCC, and incidental diagnosis of early RCC are very important. With early diagnosis, the partial nephrectomy rate might be increased.","PeriodicalId":40816,"journal":{"name":"Uroonkoloji Bulteni-Bulletin of Urooncology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49055519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effects and Mechanisms of Checkpoint Inhibitors (CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 Inhibitors) as New Immunotherapeutic Agents for Bladder Cancer","authors":"S. Çelik, Z. Altun, S. Aktaş","doi":"10.4274/UOB.947","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4274/UOB.947","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40816,"journal":{"name":"Uroonkoloji Bulteni-Bulletin of Urooncology","volume":"17 1","pages":"18-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2018-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48223586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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