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International sea routes of the South Chŏlla Province during the Unified Silla period 统一新罗时期南方的国际航线Chŏlla
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2023.28.1.35
Heejoon Choi
This study analyzes the international routes that Silla established and operated in the area that corresponds to current-day South Chŏlla Province, and it reveals that this region, which is commonly regarded as a peripherical area in Silla history, played an important role in the history of sea exchanges. Silla first entered South Chŏlla Province in the late 7th century, during the war for the unification of the Three Kingdoms, and it opened and utilized three types of international routes: the T’amna Coastal Route, the Tang-Japan Linked Route, and the Tang Yellow Sea Slant Route. Firstly, the T’amna Coastal Route, which connects the Kangjin region to the northern region of Cheju Island, was established in the early days of the Middle Silla period, and the two countries used this route to conduct official exchanges. Then, in the first half of the 9th century, Chang Pogo established and operated a new Tang-Japan Linked Route in the Wando region. Although this route was only operated for a short period of about twenty years, it was utilized more densely than any other international route in Silla, contributing greatly to the human and material exchanges in Northeast Asia in the first half of the 9th century. Lastly, in the late 9th and early 10th centuries, a new route that crossed the Yellow Sea and reached the Jiangnan region in China, called the Yellow Sea Slant Route, was actively operated around the Hoejin region.
本研究分析了新罗在与现在的Chŏlla南道相对应的地区建立和运营的国际航线,揭示了在新罗历史上通常被视为边缘地区的这一地区在海上交流史上发挥了重要作用。7世纪末三国统一战争时期,新罗首次进入南Chŏlla省,并开辟并利用了三条国际航线:泰安纳沿海航线、唐日联运航线、唐黄海倾斜航线。首先,新罗中期初期建立了连接康津地区和济州岛北部地区的泰安那海路,两国利用这条海路进行官方交流。然后,在9世纪上半叶,张伯皋在莞岛地区建立并运营了一条新的唐日航线。这条航线虽然只运营了20年左右的时间,但在新罗的国际航线中,它的使用率最高,为9世纪上半叶东北亚地区的人力和物资交流做出了巨大贡献。最后,在9世纪末至10世纪初,以会津地区为中心,开辟了一条穿越黄海到达中国江南地区的新路线——“黄海斜路”。
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引用次数: 0
From Patriarchal History to Korean Ethnoformalist Speculative Empathy: Squid Game and the School Nurse Files 从父权历史到韩国民族形式主义思辨共情:鱿鱼游戏与学校护士档案
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2023.28.1.215
Sanglim Yoo
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引用次数: 0
Case Study of a Korean Archaeological Survey using LiDAR 使用激光雷达的韩国考古调查案例研究
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2023.28.1.99
Hyoung-Ki Ahn, Kyu-Jin Oh, Yunjae Cho
Among the international community of archaeologists, a number of studies have been reported on applied LiDAR technique for archaeological research with findings of significant implications. However, there have been few reports on archaeological studies using LiDAR in South Korea. Although there were studies of reconstruction and restoration of damaged mountain fortress walls or past topographic features using aerial archeology, there have been no tangible research outcomes using LiDAR to date.Archaeological research with LiDAR technology allows for the identification of the shapes of remains or relics located in remote places or in the middle of a deep forest. In particular, the advantage of LiDAR data that allows observation of specific objects such as buildings on the ground in a physical environment even in the presence of various shapes of natural and artificial obstacles is a useful feature that can be effectively exploited considering the topographical characteristics of South Korea where 75% of the nation’s land area is covered by mountains. When considering the topographical characteristics of South Korea, where 75% of the nation’s land area is covered by mountains, LiDAR can be of particular use since it allows for the observation of specific objects such as building on the ground in a physical environment, even in the presence of various natural and artificial obstacles.However, remote sensing technologies including LiDAR have not been widely implemented in Korean archeological research. Remote sensing technology, which assures the scientific and objective basis of research, is still an unfamiliar field for many Korean archeologists.With this background, we conducted a pilot study using LiDAR. Remote was performed by applying a range of image visualization techniques based on LiDAR data acquired from around the Seseong Mountain Fortress. Various filters for visualization were applied to the results of our analysis to verify the representation of a detailed expression of the natural topography or artificial objects.In recent trends, remote sensing technology is actively applied in the global archaeological community through an integration with satellite imagery or AI technology. It is expected that the utilization of these technologies will enable archaeological surveys in remote and isolated areas such as the DMZ or North Korea.
在国际考古学家中,已经报道了一些将激光雷达技术应用于考古研究的研究,其发现具有重要意义。然而,在韩国使用激光雷达进行考古研究的报道很少。虽然有研究利用航空考古学重建和恢复受损的山地堡垒墙壁或过去的地形特征,但迄今为止还没有使用激光雷达的切实研究成果。利用激光雷达技术进行考古研究,可以识别位于偏远地区或森林深处的遗骸或遗迹的形状。特别是,激光雷达数据可以在各种形状的自然和人工障碍物存在的情况下,在物理环境中观察地面建筑物等特定物体,考虑到韩国国土面积的75%被山区覆盖的地形特征,这是一个可以有效利用的有用功能。考虑到韩国75%的国土面积被山脉覆盖的地形特征,激光雷达可以在物理环境中观察特定物体,例如地面上的建筑物,即使存在各种自然和人为障碍,也可以发挥特别的作用。但是,包括激光雷达(LiDAR)在内的遥感技术在韩国的考古研究中还没有得到广泛应用。能够保证科学、客观的研究基础的遥感技术,对于国内的考古学家来说,仍然是一个陌生的领域。在此背景下,我们使用激光雷达进行了初步研究。远程应用了一系列基于从Seseong Mountain Fortress周围获取的激光雷达数据的图像可视化技术。对我们的分析结果应用了各种可视化过滤器,以验证自然地形或人工物体的详细表达。在最近的趋势中,遥感技术通过与卫星图像或人工智能技术的整合,在全球考古界得到了积极的应用。预计利用这些技术可以在非军事区或北韩等偏远和孤立的地区进行考古调查。
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引用次数: 0
Expected Sacrifices and Inescapable Oppressions: A Durkheimian Lens in Analyzing Historical Cases of Suicide in Korea 预期的牺牲与不可避免的压迫:从迪尔凯姆的视角分析韩国的自杀历史案例
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2023.28.1.173
Bryce O. Anderson
Suicide in Korea has a long history dating back to Japanese occupied Chosŏn/Korea (1910-1945) and beyond. Émile Durkheim’s influential social study of suicide has provided utility in classifying suicides across various contexts, and I contend here that his suicide typology can be used to understand suicides during this time period in Korea. Through analyzing secondary sources, this historical analysis will provide a basic foundation of how suicide has been understood and practiced during this selected time period in Korean history, with specific focus on how the uprooting of traditional society and culture under colonialism has shown a multiplicity of Durkheim’s suicide types. For this very reason, this paper further discusses the theoretical implications in arguing the fluidity of Durkheim’s suicide types.
自杀在韩国有着悠久的历史,可以追溯到日本占领的朝鲜(1910-1945)及以后。埃米尔·涂尔干(Émile Durkheim)对自杀的有影响力的社会研究为不同背景下的自杀分类提供了实用性,我在这里认为,他的自杀类型学可以用来理解韩国这一时期的自杀。通过分析次要来源,这一历史分析将为在韩国历史上这一特定时期如何理解和实践自杀提供一个基本的基础,特别关注殖民主义下对传统社会和文化的根除如何显示出涂尔干自杀类型的多样性。正是由于这个原因,本文进一步探讨了在论证涂尔干自杀类型的流动性时所具有的理论意义。
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引用次数: 0
“We Should Learn to Live, Learning is Power”: Pyŏllara, Night Schools and the Dilemma of Workers’ Education in Colonial Korea “我们应该学会生活,学习就是力量”:Pyŏllara、夜校与朝鲜殖民地工人教育的困境
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2023.28.1.143
Yoonmi Lee
This study examines the pedagogical roles of the print media movement for youth associated with night schools in colonial Korea, focusing on the socialist magazine Pyŏllara (1926–1935). The movement deserves attention because of its educational function, in which activists endeavored to empower young workers. Since formal schooling was limited under colonial conditions, the night schools often complemented the role of public schools, providing opportunities for school-aged children. However, even in schools supported by socialist groups, the educational content and curriculum often remained rudimentary despite their ultimate pursuit of political education. This gap often situated workers’ education in a dilemma between basic literacy and raising political awareness. Despite this dilemma, the magazine and night schools nonetheless provided young workers with exceptional opportunities to empower themselves, which could hardly be done in public schools at the time.
本研究以社会主义杂志《Pyŏllara》(1926–1935)为重点,探讨了殖民地朝鲜与夜校有关的青年印刷媒体运动的教学作用。这场运动值得关注,因为它具有教育功能,活动家们努力赋予年轻工人权力。由于在殖民地条件下正规教育受到限制,夜校往往是公立学校的补充,为学龄儿童提供机会。然而,即使在社会主义团体支持的学校,尽管他们最终追求政治教育,但教育内容和课程往往仍然是初级的。这种差距往往使工人的教育在基本识字和提高政治意识之间左右为难。尽管存在这种困境,杂志社和夜校仍然为年轻工人提供了赋予自己权力的特殊机会,而这在当时的公立学校是很难做到的。
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引用次数: 0
Future Yet to Come: Sociotechnical Imaginaries in Modern Korea. Edited by Sonja M. Kim and Robert Ji-Song Ku. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 2021. 274 p [ISBN: 9780824889609] 未来尚未到来:现代韩国的社会技术想象。由Sonja M.Kim和Robert Ji Song Ku编辑。檀香山:夏威夷大学出版社,2021年。274页[国际标准书号:9780824889609]
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2023-02-28 DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2023.28.1.207
Derek Kramer
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引用次数: 0
The Nationalist Critique of Female Double Suicide in Colonial Korea 殖民时期朝鲜女性双重自杀的民族主义批判
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2022.27.2.1
L. Yuh, Claudia Soddu
During the colonial period, the double love suicides of young “new women” were sensationalized by media outlets and became the object of discussion at a national level, triggering discourse over the role and value of women in Colonial Korea. This sense of involvement in the life and death of women was even more prominent when these suicides involved young women of child-bearing age, whose deaths could be collectively perceived as a loss of an important human resource for the country. This article will examine why the media focus was on young, educated upper-class women and how the discourse about their suicides expanded beyond a moral cautionary tale and was coopted by the Korean nationalist movement. We analyze the discourse that followed two representative female double suicides, the Yun/Kim suicide of 1926, and the Hong/Kim homosexual double suicide of 1931, focusing on the critique published mainly in the Tonga Ilbo newspaper. We also examine the response of the feminist movements, or lack thereof, and the development of the ideological conflict between feminist and nationalist movements. Female suicide was one of the many battlefields between the nationalist and the feminist movements during the colonial period. As an issue involving women at every level of society, it had the potential to challenge the Confucian patriarchal system and bring to light the new needs of Korean women. However, as this analysis has shown, it was dismissed as a personal and trivial matter compared with the urgent public issue of national liberation. The rise of women's movements in Korea, fueled by a small clique of educated women, was ultimately subsumed by the nationalist movement and relegated to the realm of the private and inconsequential.
殖民时期,年轻“新女性”的双重爱情自杀被媒体大肆渲染,成为全国层面的讨论对象,引发了对殖民时期韩国女性角色和价值的讨论。当这些自杀涉及育龄青年妇女时,这种参与妇女生死的感觉更加突出,她们的死亡可能被集体视为国家损失了一项重要的人力资源。本文将探讨为什么媒体关注的是受过良好教育的年轻上流社会女性,以及关于她们自杀的讨论如何超越了一个道德警示故事,并被韩国民族主义运动所采纳。我们分析了1926年尹/金自杀和1931年洪/金同性恋双重自杀这两起具有代表性的女性双重自杀事件之后的话语,重点关注主要发表在《汤加日报》上的批评。我们还研究了女权运动的反应,或者缺乏女权运动,以及女权主义和民族主义运动之间意识形态冲突的发展。女性自杀是殖民时期民族主义运动和女权运动的众多战场之一。作为一个涉及社会各阶层妇女的问题,它有可能挑战儒家的父权制度,并揭示朝鲜妇女的新需求。然而,正如这一分析所表明的,与民族解放这一紧迫的公共问题相比,它被视为一个个人的、微不足道的问题。韩国女性运动的兴起,是由一小群受过教育的女性推动的,但最终被民族主义运动所淹没,并被归入私人和无关紧要的领域。
{"title":"The Nationalist Critique of Female Double Suicide in Colonial Korea","authors":"L. Yuh, Claudia Soddu","doi":"10.22372/ijkh.2022.27.2.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22372/ijkh.2022.27.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"During the colonial period, the double love suicides of young “new women” were sensationalized by media outlets and became the object of discussion at a national level, triggering discourse over the role and value of women in Colonial Korea. This sense of involvement in the life and death of women was even more prominent when these suicides involved young women of child-bearing age, whose deaths could be collectively perceived as a loss of an important human resource for the country. This article will examine why the media focus was on young, educated upper-class women and how the discourse about their suicides expanded beyond a moral cautionary tale and was coopted by the Korean nationalist movement. We analyze the discourse that followed two representative female double suicides, the Yun/Kim suicide of 1926, and the Hong/Kim homosexual double suicide of 1931, focusing on the critique published mainly in the Tonga Ilbo newspaper. We also examine the response of the feminist movements, or lack thereof, and the development of the ideological conflict between feminist and nationalist movements. Female suicide was one of the many battlefields between the nationalist and the feminist movements during the colonial period. As an issue involving women at every level of society, it had the potential to challenge the Confucian patriarchal system and bring to light the new needs of Korean women. However, as this analysis has shown, it was dismissed as a personal and trivial matter compared with the urgent public issue of national liberation. The rise of women's movements in Korea, fueled by a small clique of educated women, was ultimately subsumed by the nationalist movement and relegated to the realm of the private and inconsequential.","PeriodicalId":40840,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Korean History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42274106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“Probably the best meal that I have as yet indulged in” : An American missionary’s description of Korean dishes in 1909 “可能是我迄今为止吃过的最好的一顿饭”:一位美国传教士对1909年韩国菜肴的描述
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2022.27.2.165
B. Gürsel
In the wake of the Chosǒn-United States Treaty of Peace, Amity, Commerce and Navigation (1882), the relationship between the Korean Empire and the Western world intensified, and large groups of diplomats, missionaries and travelers arrived in the peninsula. Lloyd H. Snyder was among those newcomers and acted as a missionary educator intermittently for more than thirty years in Korea. This article employs a letter-which was sent by Snyder in 1909 to a visitor from the United States-as a primary source to elucidate how an inexperienced American missionary explicated the details of a meal that he consumed at the house of a privileged Korean. Aside from providing concise insight about Korea’s deep-rooted culinary practices and traditions and a number of pertinent examples from late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century American accounts, it also demonstrates how a young American in the early 1900s perceived, scrutinized and conveyed some significant features of the gastronomic identity of Korean elites. In a historical context, the article also demonstrates the relevance and significance of food and eating habits in defining and recognizing a society’s cultural identity.
在《朝鲜-美国和平、友好、商业和航海条约》(1882年)之后,大韩帝国与西方世界的关系加剧,大批外交官、传教士和旅行者抵达朝鲜半岛。劳埃德·H·斯奈德(Lloyd H.Snyder)就是这些新来者之一,他在韩国断断续续地做了30多年的传教士教育工作者。这篇文章以斯奈德1909年写给一位美国游客的一封信为主要来源,阐述了一位经验不足的美国传教士是如何解释他在一位享有特权的韩国人家里吃的一顿饭的细节的。除了简要了解韩国根深蒂固的烹饪实践和传统,以及19世纪末和20世纪初美国的一些相关例子外,它还展示了20世纪初的一个年轻美国人是如何感知、审视和传达韩国精英美食身份的一些重要特征的。在历史背景下,文章还展示了食物和饮食习惯在定义和承认一个社会的文化身份方面的相关性和意义。
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引用次数: 0
Liability without Suzerainty: Making Sense of Qing China’s Alarmism during the Korean Trespasser Crisis of 1862-75 不负责任:解读1862-75年朝鲜侵略者危机中清政府的警惕
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2022.27.2.131
S. Yoon
The Tongzhi reign (1862-1875) was marked by the Qing officials’ continuous voicing of concerns about Korean trespassing and illegal settlement in Primorsky Krai, part of Russia’s Far Eastern borderland. In fact, the Qing court in Beijing had been taken accountable by the French and American governments for the damage caused by the Chosŏn defense forces when the two Western countries invaded Chosŏn Korea in 1866 and 1871, respectively. The Westerners considered the Qing to be responsible for its tribute state’s acts on the grounds of their tribute relationship. Nevertheless, when Qing China attempted to preemptively spare itself from another diplomatic issue, this time with Russia, by asking both the Chosŏn king and the Russian ambassador to cooperate in repatriating Korean residents in Primorsky Krai, Russia refused to acknowledge China’s tribute relationship with Korea as its “ticket” to intervene in the matter concerning Korean trespassers. Therefore, although the Qing’s alarmism during the Korean Trespasser Crisis of 1862-75 first started for fear of facing another diplomatic issue with another Western imperialist power, Russia, it might not have continued incessantly if it weren’t also the time during which the Qing was taught that its ties with Korea could be but a “liability without suzerainty.” That is, it could be held responsible for its tribute state Chosŏn’s actions but was denied control over Koreans, not to mention unable to directly deal with the issue of Korean trespassers in Russian Far East which were the cause of potential trouble facing the Qing.
同治年间(1862-1875年),清朝官员不断表达对朝鲜人侵入俄罗斯远东边疆区滨海边疆区和非法定居的担忧。事实上,1866年和1871年,当两个西方国家分别入侵朝鲜时,法国和美国政府已经对朝鲜国防军造成的损失追究了北京清廷的责任。西方人以朝贡关系为由,认为清朝对其朝贡国家的行为负有责任。然而,当清政府试图先发制人地避免另一个外交问题,这次是与俄罗斯的外交问题,要求朝鲜国王和俄罗斯大使合作遣返普里莫尔斯基边疆区的朝鲜居民时,俄罗斯拒绝承认中国与朝鲜的朝贡关系是其干预朝鲜入侵者事件的“门票”。因此,尽管清朝在1862-75年朝鲜入侵危机期间的危言耸听最初是因为担心与另一个西方帝国主义大国俄罗斯面临另一个外交问题,但如果不是在这段时间里,清朝被教导与朝鲜的关系可能只是“没有宗主权的责任”,这种危言耸语可能不会持续下去,它可以对其朝贡国朝鲜的行为负责,但被剥夺了对朝鲜人的控制权,更不用说无法直接处理朝鲜人入侵俄罗斯远东的问题,这是清朝面临潜在麻烦的原因。
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引用次数: 0
The Genealogy in the Koguryŏ Diaspora’s Epitaph 高句丽侨民墓志中的家谱
IF 0.2 Q2 HISTORY Pub Date : 2022-08-31 DOI: 10.22372/ijkh.2022.27.2.31
Kiheinarichika Ueda
This study investigates the genealogies in Koguryŏ epitaphs, patterns them, and analyzes their changes over time. The Koguryŏ diaspora occurred during the Unification War under Silla. This study focuses on the Koguryŏ diaspora among the Tang who migrated to China. First, this study summarizes the research on genealogies of the Koguryŏ diaspora's epitaphs and indicates their problems. Second, it confirms the definition of the Koguryŏ diaspora and reviews the number of epitaphs. Third, it categorizes genealogies and analyzes their changes. Finally, this study clarifies the causes of the changes in the genealogies.
本研究对高句丽墓志铭中的家谱进行了调查,并对其进行了模式分析,并分析了其随时间的变化。新罗统一战争时期发生了高句丽离散。本研究的重点是移居中国的唐人中的高句丽人。首先,本研究对高句丽侨胞墓志铭的家谱研究进行了总结,并指出其存在的问题。其次,确认了高句丽侨民的定义,并对墓志铭的数量进行了审查。第三,对家谱进行分类并分析其变化。最后,本研究厘清了家谱变化的原因。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Korean History
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