Pub Date : 2022-07-23DOI: 10.5296/emsd.v11i3.20036
Shafinaz Naim, Zaiton Samdin, Diana Emang, Nelson Lajuni, O. Dousin
Recently, there has been a growing interest in studying human-elephant conflicts; however, in the case of the Borneo Pygmy elephant, which has only been found in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo has not been thoroughly investigated. Recent studies shows the number of elephants killed as a result of human conflict is on the rise. This study intends to examine the relationship between visitor Wildlife Value orientation (domination and mutualism) towards Borneo Pygmy elephant risk perceptions. 401 survey data was collected from on-site visitors, and PLS-SEM analyses revealed that domination has a significant relationship with risk perception of Borneo Pygmy elephants. Mutualism, on the other hand, does not appear to be related to risk perceptions, according to the study. The findings are beneficial to policymakers in developing programmes that encourage visitors to view the endangered Borneo pygmy elephants in a more positive light, to reducing human-elephant conflicts.
{"title":"Examining the Relationship between Visitors Wildlife Value Orientation and Risk Perceptions: A study of the Borneo Pygmy Elephant in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo","authors":"Shafinaz Naim, Zaiton Samdin, Diana Emang, Nelson Lajuni, O. Dousin","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v11i3.20036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v11i3.20036","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, there has been a growing interest in studying human-elephant conflicts; however, in the case of the Borneo Pygmy elephant, which has only been found in Sabah, Malaysian Borneo has not been thoroughly investigated. Recent studies shows the number of elephants killed as a result of human conflict is on the rise. This study intends to examine the relationship between visitor Wildlife Value orientation (domination and mutualism) towards Borneo Pygmy elephant risk perceptions. 401 survey data was collected from on-site visitors, and PLS-SEM analyses revealed that domination has a significant relationship with risk perception of Borneo Pygmy elephants. Mutualism, on the other hand, does not appear to be related to risk perceptions, according to the study. The findings are beneficial to policymakers in developing programmes that encourage visitors to view the endangered Borneo pygmy elephants in a more positive light, to reducing human-elephant conflicts.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122853612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-14DOI: 10.5296/emsd.v11i3.19875
R. Kashmanian
In light of significant environmental impacts from past and projected global population, demographic, and environmental megatrends, this article makes the case why incremental change is insufficient to alter these environmental trends and that there is thereby a growing commitment to transformational change. In addition, there is increasing recognition of the urgent need for scaling up transformational change across entire sectors and systems to achieve systemwide changes that will be needed to reverse these negative environmental trends, help pull the Earth system within proposed planetary boundaries that have been exceeded, and achieve long-term global sustainability goals. This article makes the case for the need for transformational change and scaling up transformational change to achieve system-wide change.Given the magnitude of what it will take to transform systems and the important role of the private sector due to its more direct environmental impacts, it will be important for companies to be leaders in these efforts to scale up transformational change, and their collaboration with key stakeholders will be vital. This article identifies examples of leading efforts by several companies and proposes that it will be important for many companies to combine such or similar efforts to not only protect habitats and species but to also restore critical habitats. There is a call for the private sector and also other stakeholder groups, such as governments, investors, civil society, and consumers, to jointly collaborate and collectively respond to these challenges and lead.
{"title":"Scaling Up Transformational Change: Facing Up to Global Megatrends and Their Environmental Impacts","authors":"R. Kashmanian","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v11i3.19875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v11i3.19875","url":null,"abstract":"In light of significant environmental impacts from past and projected global population, demographic, and environmental megatrends, this article makes the case why incremental change is insufficient to alter these environmental trends and that there is thereby a growing commitment to transformational change. In addition, there is increasing recognition of the urgent need for scaling up transformational change across entire sectors and systems to achieve systemwide changes that will be needed to reverse these negative environmental trends, help pull the Earth system within proposed planetary boundaries that have been exceeded, and achieve long-term global sustainability goals. This article makes the case for the need for transformational change and scaling up transformational change to achieve system-wide change.Given the magnitude of what it will take to transform systems and the important role of the private sector due to its more direct environmental impacts, it will be important for companies to be leaders in these efforts to scale up transformational change, and their collaboration with key stakeholders will be vital. This article identifies examples of leading efforts by several companies and proposes that it will be important for many companies to combine such or similar efforts to not only protect habitats and species but to also restore critical habitats. There is a call for the private sector and also other stakeholder groups, such as governments, investors, civil society, and consumers, to jointly collaborate and collectively respond to these challenges and lead.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123352239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-09DOI: 10.5296/emsd.v11i3.19830
JOHNJohn VOURDOUBASVourdoubas
Renewable energies are expected to have a central role in the future zero carbon economy. However, their energy potential is affected by climate change. The current work investigates the future impacts of climate change on the energy potential of several renewable energies including solar energy, wind energy, biomass and hydro energy in the island of Crete, Greece. Previous research worldwide has indicated that climate change is going to affect positively or negatively the potential of various renewable energies while the impacts are different in various geographical areas. The goal of the current study is the evaluation of the impacts of climate change on the energy potential of solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy and biomass in the island of Crete. Our results indicated that climate change during 21th century is expected to increase the solar energy potential in Crete by around 4% while the wind energy potential is going to decrease by 6-12%. A slight decrease in annual precipitation in the island is foreseen while the agriculture and forest-related solid biomass potential is expected to decrease due to more frequent forest fires, more droughts and land desertification. Climate change is not going to affect significantly the potential of the rich solar and wind energy resources in Crete. The findings of the present study could be useful in sizing the new renewable energy systems in Crete which are required to generate the “carbon-free energy” in the emerging “zero-carbon economy” by 2050.
{"title":"Climate Change Impacts on Energy Generation from Renewable Energies in the Island of Crete, Greece","authors":"JOHNJohn VOURDOUBASVourdoubas","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v11i3.19830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v11i3.19830","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energies are expected to have a central role in the future zero carbon economy. However, their energy potential is affected by climate change. The current work investigates the future impacts of climate change on the energy potential of several renewable energies including solar energy, wind energy, biomass and hydro energy in the island of Crete, Greece. Previous research worldwide has indicated that climate change is going to affect positively or negatively the potential of various renewable energies while the impacts are different in various geographical areas. The goal of the current study is the evaluation of the impacts of climate change on the energy potential of solar energy, wind energy, hydro energy and biomass in the island of Crete. Our results indicated that climate change during 21th century is expected to increase the solar energy potential in Crete by around 4% while the wind energy potential is going to decrease by 6-12%. A slight decrease in annual precipitation in the island is foreseen while the agriculture and forest-related solid biomass potential is expected to decrease due to more frequent forest fires, more droughts and land desertification. Climate change is not going to affect significantly the potential of the rich solar and wind energy resources in Crete. The findings of the present study could be useful in sizing the new renewable energy systems in Crete which are required to generate the “carbon-free energy” in the emerging “zero-carbon economy” by 2050.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114428044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-05-13DOI: 10.5296/emsd.v11i2.19861
Gordon Kofi Sarfo-adu, Henry Kwabena Kokofu, M. Dadebo, Gladys Nkrumah, David Kwaku Galley
The accelerated development of forestry sector over the past two decades has stimulated an increasing number of researchers to investigate the impact of forestry resources on economic growth amidst forest quality and quantity deteriorating factors, including illegalities. This study aims to identify and examine non-fiscal measures implemented in stimulating growth and job in the sector. Employing mixed research approach, the study provides inferences based on detailed performance description of core centers of the sector. The study revealed that, the government and regulatory agencies need to acknowledge the existence and importance of SMEs and making them part of economic analysis to project growth, innovation, job creation to social inclusion, and rural development. Also, trade associations are handicapped logistically and this derails their ability to support their members both financially and technically. Similarly, in adoption of strategies to improve short term development of wildlife resources, tourism attraction sites within wildlife protected areas could be created, which will control encroachments and add to revenue streams of the sector and would contribute to economic growth as a whole.
{"title":"Analysis of Non-Fiscal Measures in the Forestry Sector in Stimulating Growth and Jobs Creation: The Ghana Experience","authors":"Gordon Kofi Sarfo-adu, Henry Kwabena Kokofu, M. Dadebo, Gladys Nkrumah, David Kwaku Galley","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v11i2.19861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v11i2.19861","url":null,"abstract":"The accelerated development of forestry sector over the past two decades has stimulated an increasing number of researchers to investigate the impact of forestry resources on economic growth amidst forest quality and quantity deteriorating factors, including illegalities. This study aims to identify and examine non-fiscal measures implemented in stimulating growth and job in the sector. Employing mixed research approach, the study provides inferences based on detailed performance description of core centers of the sector. The study revealed that, the government and regulatory agencies need to acknowledge the existence and importance of SMEs and making them part of economic analysis to project growth, innovation, job creation to social inclusion, and rural development. Also, trade associations are handicapped logistically and this derails their ability to support their members both financially and technically. Similarly, in adoption of strategies to improve short term development of wildlife resources, tourism attraction sites within wildlife protected areas could be created, which will control encroachments and add to revenue streams of the sector and would contribute to economic growth as a whole.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127801991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-16DOI: 10.5296/emsd.v11i2.19553
A. Hassan
To support an effective diffusion of innovations (DOI) in sustainable development (SD) projects, this paper presents a research-based integrative model to illustrate the factors leading the process of diffusion of innovation to succeed or fail in sustainable development projects. The proposed integrative model is based on diffusion of innovation principles founded in the research of Everett Rodgers that emphasizes the process of an effective innovation diffusion. Special emphasis is placed on determining not only the success factors for adequate innovation diffusion, but also on enabling a successful adoption to take place. Key finding obtained from the proposed integrative model is that there are three main stages for adopting DOI in SD projects that are creation of innovative ideas in SD projects, DOI ideas in SD projects, and adoption of innovative ideas in sustainable development projects. Each one of these stages leads to two possibilities that are the success or failure of that stage, depending of the fulfillment of the suggested factors for each option. In brief, the suggested integrated model proposes that the DOI in SD projects will succeed if the three core stages meet the success factors.
{"title":"Diffusion of Innovation in Sustainable Development Projects: A Proposed Integrative Model","authors":"A. Hassan","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v11i2.19553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v11i2.19553","url":null,"abstract":"To support an effective diffusion of innovations (DOI) in sustainable development (SD) projects, this paper presents a research-based integrative model to illustrate the factors leading the process of diffusion of innovation to succeed or fail in sustainable development projects. The proposed integrative model is based on diffusion of innovation principles founded in the research of Everett Rodgers that emphasizes the process of an effective innovation diffusion. Special emphasis is placed on determining not only the success factors for adequate innovation diffusion, but also on enabling a successful adoption to take place. Key finding obtained from the proposed integrative model is that there are three main stages for adopting DOI in SD projects that are creation of innovative ideas in SD projects, DOI ideas in SD projects, and adoption of innovative ideas in sustainable development projects. Each one of these stages leads to two possibilities that are the success or failure of that stage, depending of the fulfillment of the suggested factors for each option. In brief, the suggested integrated model proposes that the DOI in SD projects will succeed if the three core stages meet the success factors.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129244902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-06DOI: 10.5296/emsd.v11i2.19434
O. Ojekunle, Damola Olatoregun, S. Good, A. Sodipe
Cadmium and Copper are both heavy metals of concern and toxic environmental contaminants. Due to copper’s excellent electrical conductivity, its most common use is in electrical equipment. Cadmium on the other hand, is not essential, although it is used majorly in batteries. Contamination with cadmium and copper metals stems mainly from anthropogenic activities but other natural sources also exist. Tardigrades are microscopic aquatic animals renowned for their tolerance towards extreme environmental conditions, this study is to investigate their tolerance towards heavy metals and how to ameliorate the potential hazardous effects with an antioxidant (Selenium). Antioxidants are substances that may protect the cells against the effects of free radicals, they are intimately involved in the prevention of cellular damage: the common pathway for cancer, aging, and some diseases. We hypothesized that Hypsibius exemplaris (H. exemplaris) has a low tolerance to a high concentration of toxicants and if Reactive Oxygen Species is released, some enzymatic pathways will be altered, but a certain concentration of Selenium will abate this effect, confirming the antioxidative capacity of Selenium. As was observed, cadmium and copper solutions increased Tardigrade sensitivity to oxidative stress as well as significantly reduced metabolism was observed. The produced reactive oxygen species was confirmed with fluorescence microscopy. Treating the exposed tardigrades with 0.5ppm of selenium using sodium selenite counteracted the cadmium and copper induced reactive oxygen species produced. The antioxidative enzymes produced were quantified using various assay methods. In conclusion, from an environmental perspective, selenium is a relevant antioxidant using the appropriate dosage.
镉和铜都是令人关注的重金属，也是有毒的环境污染物。由于铜的优良导电性，它最常用的是在电气设备中。另一方面，镉不是必需的，尽管它主要用于电池。镉和铜金属污染主要来自人为活动，但也存在其他自然来源。缓步动物是一种微观水生动物，以其对极端环境条件的耐受性而闻名，本研究旨在研究缓步动物对重金属的耐受性以及如何通过抗氧化剂(硒)来改善潜在的有害影响。抗氧化剂是一种可以保护细胞免受自由基影响的物质，它们与预防细胞损伤密切相关:细胞损伤是癌症、衰老和某些疾病的常见途径。我们推测，典型海泡菌(Hypsibius exemplaris, H. exemplaris)对高浓度毒物的耐受性较低，如果释放活性氧(Reactive Oxygen Species)，会改变一些酶促途径，但一定浓度的硒会减弱这种影响，从而证实了硒的抗氧化能力。结果表明，镉和铜溶液增加了缓步动物对氧化应激的敏感性，并显著降低了代谢。用荧光显微镜对生成的活性氧进行了确证。用亚硒酸钠处理0.5ppm的硒可以抵消镉和铜诱导的活性氧的产生。用不同的测定方法对所制得的抗氧化酶进行定量。综上所述，从环境的角度来看，在适当的剂量下，硒是一种相关的抗氧化剂。
{"title":"Toxicological Impact of Cadmium and Copper Exposure in H. Exemplaris","authors":"O. Ojekunle, Damola Olatoregun, S. Good, A. Sodipe","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v11i2.19434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v11i2.19434","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium and Copper are both heavy metals of concern and toxic environmental contaminants. Due to copper’s excellent electrical conductivity, its most common use is in electrical equipment. Cadmium on the other hand, is not essential, although it is used majorly in batteries. Contamination with cadmium and copper metals stems mainly from anthropogenic activities but other natural sources also exist. Tardigrades are microscopic aquatic animals renowned for their tolerance towards extreme environmental conditions, this study is to investigate their tolerance towards heavy metals and how to ameliorate the potential hazardous effects with an antioxidant (Selenium). Antioxidants are substances that may protect the cells against the effects of free radicals, they are intimately involved in the prevention of cellular damage: the common pathway for cancer, aging, and some diseases. We hypothesized that Hypsibius exemplaris (H. exemplaris) has a low tolerance to a high concentration of toxicants and if Reactive Oxygen Species is released, some enzymatic pathways will be altered, but a certain concentration of Selenium will abate this effect, confirming the antioxidative capacity of Selenium. As was observed, cadmium and copper solutions increased Tardigrade sensitivity to oxidative stress as well as significantly reduced metabolism was observed. The produced reactive oxygen species was confirmed with fluorescence microscopy. Treating the exposed tardigrades with 0.5ppm of selenium using sodium selenite counteracted the cadmium and copper induced reactive oxygen species produced. The antioxidative enzymes produced were quantified using various assay methods. In conclusion, from an environmental perspective, selenium is a relevant antioxidant using the appropriate dosage.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133657533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-17DOI: 10.5296/emsd.v11i1.19027
Tosin T. Oye, N. Gupta, Keng Goh, Toyosi K. Oye
Air-conditioning as a technical solution to protect inhabitants from excessive heat exposure creates the challenge of expanding indoor health effects. While air-conditioning has mostly been applied as an improvement to living conditions, health and environmental problems associated with its use frequently occurs. Therefore, this paper challenges and extends existing knowledge on sustainability related to the smart air-conditioning systems. The decrease of CO2 level in building requires an intelligent control system because energy utilisation has been legitimately connected with wellbeing and eventually to operational expenses. A building’s indoor environmental essential factors of comfort are IAQ, visual and thermal. Through an appropriate structured controller, the performance of indoor control system can be altogether improved. It merits creating innovative control techniques to optimise the indoor environment quality for air-conditioning system. The newly proposed backpropagation neural network was optimised using Matlab to control the CO2 level appropriately while carefully taking into account the performance of system controllers such as the stability, adaptability, speed response and overshoot. The controller of indoor environment was designed, and the proportional-integral-derivative control was utilised as a result of its suitability. The smart controllers were designed to regulate the parameters automatically to ensure the optimised control output. The indoor CO2 possesses an appropriate time constant and settling time of 2.1s and 27.3s, respectively. Therefore, utilising smart control techniques to exterminate various indoor health effects is expected to produce sustainable living conditions.
{"title":"Development of Sustainable Indoor Air Quality for Air-Conditioning System Using Smart Control Techniques","authors":"Tosin T. Oye, N. Gupta, Keng Goh, Toyosi K. Oye","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v11i1.19027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v11i1.19027","url":null,"abstract":"Air-conditioning as a technical solution to protect inhabitants from excessive heat exposure creates the challenge of expanding indoor health effects. While air-conditioning has mostly been applied as an improvement to living conditions, health and environmental problems associated with its use frequently occurs. Therefore, this paper challenges and extends existing knowledge on sustainability related to the smart air-conditioning systems. The decrease of CO2 level in building requires an intelligent control system because energy utilisation has been legitimately connected with wellbeing and eventually to operational expenses. A building’s indoor environmental essential factors of comfort are IAQ, visual and thermal. Through an appropriate structured controller, the performance of indoor control system can be altogether improved. It merits creating innovative control techniques to optimise the indoor environment quality for air-conditioning system. The newly proposed backpropagation neural network was optimised using Matlab to control the CO2 level appropriately while carefully taking into account the performance of system controllers such as the stability, adaptability, speed response and overshoot. The controller of indoor environment was designed, and the proportional-integral-derivative control was utilised as a result of its suitability. The smart controllers were designed to regulate the parameters automatically to ensure the optimised control output. The indoor CO2 possesses an appropriate time constant and settling time of 2.1s and 27.3s, respectively. Therefore, utilising smart control techniques to exterminate various indoor health effects is expected to produce sustainable living conditions.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"454 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132671536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-02DOI: 10.5296/emsd.v10i4.19066
Felix Agariga, S. Abugre, E. K. Siabi, M. Appiah
Local communities in Ghana are heavily reliant on agriculture for their livelihoods. However, they are increasingly shifting from engaging in agriculture to mining. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of mining (both small and large scale) on the livelihoods of community members of Kenyasi, Asutifi North District in Ghana. Data were collected from 201 farming households who were selected randomly and interviewed for a variety of information. The questionnaire responses received from the respondents were classified into items and each item's responses were tallied. The results of the studies show that the farmers’ livelihood systems were affected by the mining operations occurring around their communities. Water pollution, displacement of farmers from their lands, degradation of agricultural lands, and an increase in social vices and higher dropout rates of students from schools are some of the reported consequences of the mining activities. The pollution of the water resources poses a serious threat to the health and livelihood systems of these farmers as they depend on the water resources for agriculture and domestic use. In this study, we project that there could be increased grievances over scarce land resource and food insecurity that could lead to conflicts in the mining areas. The lack of land resources could have a tremendous effect on the social, economic, and political climate of a country and must be considered and addressed as some of the most immediate threats to Ghana's national security.
{"title":"Mining Impact on Livelihoods of Farmers of Asutifi North District, Ghana","authors":"Felix Agariga, S. Abugre, E. K. Siabi, M. Appiah","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v10i4.19066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v10i4.19066","url":null,"abstract":"Local communities in Ghana are heavily reliant on agriculture for their livelihoods. However, they are increasingly shifting from engaging in agriculture to mining. This study was undertaken to assess the impact of mining (both small and large scale) on the livelihoods of community members of Kenyasi, Asutifi North District in Ghana. Data were collected from 201 farming households who were selected randomly and interviewed for a variety of information. The questionnaire responses received from the respondents were classified into items and each item's responses were tallied. The results of the studies show that the farmers’ livelihood systems were affected by the mining operations occurring around their communities. Water pollution, displacement of farmers from their lands, degradation of agricultural lands, and an increase in social vices and higher dropout rates of students from schools are some of the reported consequences of the mining activities. The pollution of the water resources poses a serious threat to the health and livelihood systems of these farmers as they depend on the water resources for agriculture and domestic use. In this study, we project that there could be increased grievances over scarce land resource and food insecurity that could lead to conflicts in the mining areas. The lack of land resources could have a tremendous effect on the social, economic, and political climate of a country and must be considered and addressed as some of the most immediate threats to Ghana's national security.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129089584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-04DOI: 10.5296/emsd.v10i4.18982
V. O. Emelu, O. Eludoyin, C. Oyegun
Owing to poor preparedness and mitigation measures for oil and gas pipeline vandalization in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, there have been series of spills that have now reached life threatening levels. This study set out to investigate factors that affect preparedness and mitigation measures for crude oil pipeline vandalism in the study area. The thrust of the study was to unravel the spatial variation in the preparedness and mitigation measures for crude oil pipeline in the region. The study used the survey research method and primary data was sort using questionnaire. The target population were heads of household and workers of multinational companies working in the area. Analysis of variance was used for hypotheses testing at the 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the companies’ preparedness options were, use of hazard, risk and vulnerability assessment (76%). Both the community (42%) and companies (76%) respondents averred that the preparedness measure adopted in the area were less effective for combating the menace of pipeline vandalism. The mitigation practices against pipeline vandalization adopted included awareness creation, promoting community participation, community policing, community-based pipeline surveillance, community by laws, right of way, punishment for offenders, and excommunication. Majority of the respondent whether community respondents (48%) or companies respondents (84%) suggested that, the adopted mitigation measures were not effective. The ANOVA model was significant at p<0.05 (F, 14 sig 0.000) meaning that there is statistical significant variation in the level of preparedness for oil and gas pipeline vandalization in the study area. Similarly, the ANOVA model that measured the spatial variation in mitigation measures showed that the model is significant at p<0.05(F, 16.83, sig 0.000), meaning there is statistical significant spatial variation in the level of disaster mitigation for oil and gas pipeline vandalization in the study area. The study recommends improvement in surveillance technology, creation of awareness of the dangers of pipeline vandalism to the locals, amongst others.
由于对尼日利亚尼日尔三角洲地区石油和天然气管道遭到破坏的防范和缓解措施不力，已经发生了一系列泄漏事件，目前已达到危及生命的程度。本研究旨在调查影响研究区域原油管道破坏的准备和缓解措施的因素。研究的重点是揭示该地区原油管道灾害防范和减灾措施的空间差异。本研究采用调查研究方法，主要资料采用问卷调查法进行整理。目标人群是在该地区工作的户主和跨国公司的工人。采用方差分析进行假设检验，显著性水平为0.05。研究显示，公司的防范选择是使用危害、风险和脆弱性评估(76%)。社区(42%)和公司(76%)的受访者都断言，该地区采取的准备措施在打击管道破坏的威胁方面效果较差。针对管道破坏行为采取的缓解措施包括提高认识、促进社区参与、社区治安、以社区为基础的管道监督、社区法律、通行权、对违法者的惩罚和逐出教会。大多数答复者，无论是社区答复者(48%)还是公司答复者(84%)，都认为所采取的缓解措施并不有效。方差分析模型的显著性为p<0.05 (F, 14 sig 0.000)，这意味着研究区域对石油和天然气管道破坏的准备水平存在统计学上的显著差异。同样，测量缓解措施空间差异的方差分析模型显示，模型在p<0.05(F, 16.83, sig 0.000)上显著，这意味着研究区油气管道破坏的缓解水平存在统计学上显著的空间差异。该研究建议改进监控技术，提高对管道破坏对当地人的危害的认识等。
{"title":"Preparedness and Mitigation Measures for Oil and Gas Pipeline Vandalization in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria","authors":"V. O. Emelu, O. Eludoyin, C. Oyegun","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v10i4.18982","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v10i4.18982","url":null,"abstract":"Owing to poor preparedness and mitigation measures for oil and gas pipeline vandalization in the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, there have been series of spills that have now reached life threatening levels. This study set out to investigate factors that affect preparedness and mitigation measures for crude oil pipeline vandalism in the study area. The thrust of the study was to unravel the spatial variation in the preparedness and mitigation measures for crude oil pipeline in the region. The study used the survey research method and primary data was sort using questionnaire. The target population were heads of household and workers of multinational companies working in the area. Analysis of variance was used for hypotheses testing at the 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed that the companies’ preparedness options were, use of hazard, risk and vulnerability assessment (76%). Both the community (42%) and companies (76%) respondents averred that the preparedness measure adopted in the area were less effective for combating the menace of pipeline vandalism. The mitigation practices against pipeline vandalization adopted included awareness creation, promoting community participation, community policing, community-based pipeline surveillance, community by laws, right of way, punishment for offenders, and excommunication. Majority of the respondent whether community respondents (48%) or companies respondents (84%) suggested that, the adopted mitigation measures were not effective. The ANOVA model was significant at p<0.05 (F, 14 sig 0.000) meaning that there is statistical significant variation in the level of preparedness for oil and gas pipeline vandalization in the study area. Similarly, the ANOVA model that measured the spatial variation in mitigation measures showed that the model is significant at p<0.05(F, 16.83, sig 0.000), meaning there is statistical significant spatial variation in the level of disaster mitigation for oil and gas pipeline vandalization in the study area. The study recommends improvement in surveillance technology, creation of awareness of the dangers of pipeline vandalism to the locals, amongst others.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"455 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123055872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-10DOI: 10.5296/emsd.v10i3.18919
Pezhman Alborzi
Passengers' satisfaction of urban road transportation services has been widely researched over the past few decades. However, no study has been conducted to analyze the relationship of the passengers' satisfaction of regular taxi and bus transport services with an external psychological factor. To this end, 100 passengers were randomly recruited to participate in this study. The participants were required to complete three questionnaires to assess their level of belonging and their satisfaction of regular taxi and bus transport services as two prominent urban road transport services. The questionnaire of sense of belonging had 12 items rated on a 5-point Likert Scale. The responses also were rated from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”. The respondents were requested to grade 1 to 10 an 18-travel-attribute survey to assess their satisfaction of urban road transport services. The results indicated that passengers were not satisfied with urban road transport services; however, their satisfaction with regular taxi was higher in comparison with bus transport services. The findings also revealed that there was a significant correlation between the passengers' level of belonging and their satisfaction of public transport services.
{"title":"The Relationship between Passengers' Satisfaction of Urban Road Transport Services and Their Sense of Belonging","authors":"Pezhman Alborzi","doi":"10.5296/emsd.v10i3.18919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v10i3.18919","url":null,"abstract":"Passengers' satisfaction of urban road transportation services has been widely researched over the past few decades. However, no study has been conducted to analyze the relationship of the passengers' satisfaction of regular taxi and bus transport services with an external psychological factor. To this end, 100 passengers were randomly recruited to participate in this study. The participants were required to complete three questionnaires to assess their level of belonging and their satisfaction of regular taxi and bus transport services as two prominent urban road transport services. The questionnaire of sense of belonging had 12 items rated on a 5-point Likert Scale. The responses also were rated from “strongly disagree” to “strongly agree”. The respondents were requested to grade 1 to 10 an 18-travel-attribute survey to assess their satisfaction of urban road transport services. The results indicated that passengers were not satisfied with urban road transport services; however, their satisfaction with regular taxi was higher in comparison with bus transport services. The findings also revealed that there was a significant correlation between the passengers' level of belonging and their satisfaction of public transport services.","PeriodicalId":408586,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Management and Sustainable Development","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131333157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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