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Apuntes para una visión crítica de las Bibliotecas Humanas dentro de la función social de la biblioteca pública 公共图书馆社会功能中的人文图书馆批判观笔记
IF 0.4 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1344/bid2022.48.18
Sergi Draper Martínez
La función social de la biblioteca pública es un factor intrínseco a su esencia y a sus valores. La intención de influir positivamente en la sociedad que rodea a la biblioteca ha estado presente, de una forma o de otra, como mínimo desde el origen de la lectura pública moderna, ahora hace unos 150 años, con la idea de acceso a la educación del pueblo y el fomento del espíritu democrático (Faus, 2000). Cuando decimos 'de una forma o de otra', nos referimos al hecho de que el concepto de acción o intervención sociocultural ha ido variando a lo largo de los años, y que el ánimo asistencialista y benéfico inicial ha dado paso, de manera progresiva, a prácticas más participativas y transformadoras. Aun así, a pesar de que esta visión social es comúnmente aceptada en el plano teórico, a las bibliotecas todavía les resulta difícil definir la planificación alrededor de la acción social que llevan a la práctica. En este texto, pondremos en valor la necesidad de definir la acción social en las bibliotecas públicas, tanto desde una vertiente teórica como práctica. Posteriormente, analizaremos las Bibliotecas Humanas como parte de la planificación y programación de servicios y actividades sociales de la biblioteca pública, y, desde una visión crítica, intentaremos averiguar los puntos fuertes y lo que consideramos que son las debilidades. Finalmente, plantearemos toda una serie de reflexiones que hay que tener en cuenta a la hora de articular una programación de actividades de sentido social en la biblioteca, partiendo de esta como espacio accesible, participativo y transformador.
公共图书馆的社会功能是其本质和价值观的内在因素。至少从150年前现代公共阅读的起源开始,就以一种或另一种方式存在着对图书馆周围社会产生积极影响的意图,其理念是让人们接受教育和促进民主精神(FAUS,2000年)。当我们说“以某种方式”时,我们指的是这样一个事实,即社会文化行动或干预的概念多年来一直在变化,最初的援助和慈善精神已逐渐转向更具参与性和变革性的做法。即便如此,尽管这一社会愿景在理论上得到了普遍接受,但图书馆仍然很难围绕其实施的社会行动来定义规划。在这篇文章中,我们将从理论和实践两个方面重视界定公共图书馆社会行动的必要性。随后,我们将分析人类图书馆,作为公共图书馆服务和社会活动规划和规划的一部分,并从批判性的角度,试图找出优势和我们认为的弱点。最后,我们将提出一系列思考,在制定图书馆具有社会意义的活动方案时必须考虑到这些思考,从图书馆作为一个无障碍、参与性和变革性的空间开始。
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引用次数: 0
Denuncia y autodefensa de acoso sexual y violencias en Uber : historias de usuarias en Twitter y Tiktok Uber上性骚扰和暴力的投诉和自卫:推特和TikTok上用户的故事
IF 0.4 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-06-01 DOI: 10.1344/bid2022.48.11
Fernanda Pires, Julia Vilasís Pamos, Ona Anglada Pujol, María-José Masanet
En este artículo nos centramos en explorar las historias compartidas en las redes sociales desde la perspectiva de las mujeres que sufren diferentes violencias e inseguridades al utilizar los servicios de transporte de Uber. Por ello, este artículo tiene los siguientes objetivos específicos: 1) identificar y explorar las historias compartidas en las redes sociales que explican violencias y abusos vividos por las usuarias de Uber por razón de género; y 2) identificar y explorar las medidas de protección y seguridad que se articulan a través de las redes sociales para hacer frente a dichas situaciones de violencia y abusos. Para ello, hemos realizado una observación sistemática no participante en las redes sociales Twitter y TikTok, donde hemos identificado contenidos de denuncia, autodefensa, prevención y sensibilización. Puede concluirse que la mayor parte de las denuncias se sitúan en el ámbito de las experiencias y se trata de historias de usuarias que expresan las violencias y los abusos vividos durante el uso de los servicios de transporte de Uber. Los contenidos de autodefensa compartidos en las redes sociales se configuran como herramientas que sirven para afrontar situaciones de acoso. Sin embargo, estas herramientas carecen de una esfera de movilización colectiva.
在这篇文章中,我们专注于从使用优步交通服务时遭受不同暴力和不安全感的妇女的角度探索社交媒体上的共享故事。出于这个原因,本文有以下具体目标:(1)识别和探索社交媒体上分享的故事,这些故事解释了优步用户因性别而遭受的暴力和虐待;(2)确定和探索通过社交媒体制定的保护和安全措施,以应对这些暴力和虐待情况。为此,我们在社交媒体推特和TikTok上进行了非参与性的系统观察,在那里我们确定了投诉、自卫、预防和提高认识的内容。可以得出的结论是,大多数投诉都是在经验领域提出的,这些投诉是用户的故事,表达了在使用优步运输服务期间遭受的暴力和虐待。社交媒体上共享的自卫内容被配置为应对骚扰情况的工具。然而,这些工具缺乏集体动员的领域。
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引用次数: 0
Surface solvation of Martian salt analogues at low relative humidities. 低相对湿度下火星盐类似物的表面溶解。
IF 5.8 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2022-01-25 eCollection Date: 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.1039/d1ea00092f
Xiangrui Kong, Suyun Zhu, Andrey Shavorskiy, Jun Li, Wanyu Liu, Pablo Corral Arroyo, Ruth Signorell, Sen Wang, Jan B C Pettersson

Salt aerosols play important roles in many processes related to atmospheric chemistry and the climate systems on both Earth and Mars. Complicated and still poorly understood processes occur on the salt surfaces when interacting with water vapor. In this study, ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (APXPS) is used to characterize the surface chemical environment of Martian salt analogues originating from saline lakes and playas, as well as their responses to varying relative humidities. Generally, APXPS shows similar ionic compositions to those observed by ion chromatography (IC). However, XPS is a surface-sensitive method while IC is bulk-sensitive and differences are observed for species that preferentially partition to the surface or the bulk. Element-selective surface enhancement of Cl- is observed, likely caused by the presence of SO4 2-. In addition, Mg2+ is concentrated on the surface while Na+ is relatively depleted in the surface layer. Hence, the cations (Na+ and Mg2+) and the anions (Cl- and SO4 2-) show competitive correlations. At elevated relative humidity (RH), no major spectral changes were observed in the XPS results, except for the growth of an oxygen component originating from condensed H2O. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements show that the magnesium and sodium spectra are sensitive to the presence of water, and the results imply that the surface is fully solvated already at RH = 5%. The surface solvation is also fully reversible as the RH is reduced. No major differences are observed between sample types and sample locations, indicating that the salts originated from saline lakes commonly have solvated surfaces under the environmental conditions on Earth.

盐气溶胶在与地球和火星大气化学和气候系统有关的许多过程中发挥着重要作用。盐表面在与水蒸气相互作用时会发生复杂的过程,但人们对这些过程仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中,使用了环境压力 X 射线光电子能谱(APXPS)来描述火星盐类的表面化学环境特征,这些盐类来自盐湖和嬉戏地,以及它们对不同相对湿度的反应。一般来说,APXPS 显示的离子组成与离子色谱法(IC)观察到的离子组成相似。不过,XPS 是一种对表面敏感的方法,而 IC 则是一种对主体敏感的方法,因此会观察到优先分配到表面或主体的物种的差异。观察到 Cl- 的元素选择性表面增强,这可能是由于 SO4 2- 的存在造成的。此外,Mg2+ 集中在表层,而 Na+ 在表层相对贫乏。因此,阳离子(Na+ 和 Mg2+)与阴离子(Cl- 和 SO4 2-)之间存在竞争关系。在相对湿度(RH)升高的情况下,XPS 结果中没有观察到重大的光谱变化,除了来自冷凝 H2O 的氧成分的增加。近边 X 射线吸收精细结构(NEXAFS)测量结果表明,镁和钠的光谱对水的存在很敏感。随着相对湿度的降低,表面溶解也是完全可逆的。不同类型的样品和不同地点的样品之间没有发现重大差异,这表明在地球环境条件下,源自盐湖的盐类通常具有溶解表面。
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引用次数: 0
Estratègia del moviment Wikimedia 2030 : com un procés d'estratègia oberta inclusiva ha situat la gent al centre 维基媒体2030战略:包容性开放战略进程如何将人民置于中心
IF 0.4 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-12-01 DOI: 10.1344/bid2021.47.04
Marc Miquel Ribé, Kaarel Vaidla, Francesca Fort, A. Torres
Objectius. L'any 2017, el moviment Wikimedia va embarcar-se en un procés d'estratègia oberta per decidir les principals línies d'acció cap a l'horitzó del 2030. Contràriament al desenvolupament de l'estratègia tradicional, un procés d'estratègia oberta permet a moltes persones generar, debatre i avaluar idees. Aquest estudi examina com aquest procés d'estratègia oberta i els documents generats donen suport a la inclusió i atenen les necessitats de les persones. Metodologia. Es revisen les pràctiques d'inclusivitat emprades en les diferents fases del procés d'estratègia oberta, que inclou aspectes com els modes de participació, la transparència i la presa de decisions. Mitjançant l'anàlisi del discurs es ressalten les principals característiques del producte estratègic creat i com ha estat interpretat pel moviment Wikimedia, tant per les comunitats en línia com pels afiliats. Resultats. Els resultats de l'estudi són dobles. En primer lloc, s'ha identificat una àmplia gamma de modes de participació usats per incloure els actors del moviment Wikimedia. En segon lloc, s'ha vist que els documents estratègics resultants situen les persones al centre del discurs, no només en la nova direcció estratègica proposada, sinó també en els principis i les recomanacions estratègiques que es van generar. Aquest estudi amplia el que es coneix de l'ús d'estratègies obertes en entorns amplis i col·laboratius i demostra que les pràctiques d'inclusivitat beneficien l'elaboració de propostes que tenen en compte els actors del moviment, que hauran d'implementar-les.
对象2017年,维基媒体运动开始了一个开放的战略进程,以决定到2030年的主要行动路线。与传统战略的发展相反,开放的战略过程允许许多人产生、辩论和评估想法。本研究考察了这种开放的战略过程和生成的文件如何支持包容性并满足人们的需求。方法论审查了开放战略进程不同阶段使用的包容性做法,包括参与模式、透明度和决策等方面。对演讲的分析突出了所创建的战略产品的主要特征,以及维基媒体运动(包括在线社区和附属机构)对其的解读。后果研究结果是双重的。首先,我们已经确定了一系列广泛的参与模式,用于将参与者纳入维基媒体运动。其次,可以看出,由此产生的战略文件将人们置于演讲的核心,不仅是拟议的新战略方向,而且是产生的战略原则和建议。这项研究扩展了在广泛的合作环境中使用开放战略的范围,并表明包容性做法受益于制定提案,这些提案将被运动中的参与者考虑在内,他们将不得不实施这些提案。
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引用次数: 1
Como combater as fake news através da literacia da informação? Desafios e estratégias formativas no ensino superior 如何通过信息素养打击假新闻?高等教育的挑战和培训策略
IF 0.4 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-06-01 DOI: 10.1344/bid2020.46.15
M. Antunes, Carlos Lopes, Tatiana Sanches
Aim of this study: To know the performance of information professionals in the ght against fake news, through the analysis of strategies in information literacy skills in an academic context. Method: A review of the literature indexed on Scopus and the Web of Science, associating fake news and information literacy in the context of higher education, was carried out. Results/Discussion: The Web of Science presents a total of 106 results and Scopus 43 results. The analysis points to the description of initiatives and projects from both higher education libraries and information professionals from the same sector, committed to the cause of ghting fake news. The literature stresses the importance of the educational factor: the training of motivated users for knowledge enhances the distinction of the truthfulness of what is stated and allows the identi cation of the most appropriate scenario for the production of knowledge. Better prepared individuals assume as insu cient the information made available by the Internet. In this process, libraries and librarians in higher education are important agents, as providers of learning and of updated and reliable information. It is suggested that measures be implemented by higher education institutions and information professionals to effectively combat fake news, especially in the academic context. It was concluded that knowledge can result in information, but the information does not necessarily result in knowledge – and information may not go beyond the level of opinion, so it is important to strengthen training strategies.
本研究的目的:通过对学术背景下信息素养技能策略的分析,了解信息专业人员在打击假新闻方面的表现。方法:对Scopus和Web of Science检索的文献进行综述,将假新闻与高等教育背景下的信息素养联系起来。结果/讨论:Web of Science共提供106个结果,Scopus提供43个结果。分析指出,高等教育图书馆和同一行业的信息专业人士都致力于打击假新闻的举措和项目。文献强调了教育因素的重要性:对有动机的知识使用者的培训加强了对所述内容的真实性的区分,并允许确定生产知识的最适当方案。做好充分准备的个人认为互联网上提供的信息是不安全的。在这个过程中,图书馆和高等教育中的图书馆员是重要的代理人,作为学习和最新可靠信息的提供者。建议高等教育机构和信息专业人员采取措施,有效打击假新闻,特别是在学术背景下。结论是,知识可以产生信息,但信息不一定产生知识——信息可能不会超出意见的层面,因此加强培训策略很重要。
{"title":"Como combater as fake news através da literacia da informação? Desafios e estratégias formativas no ensino superior","authors":"M. Antunes, Carlos Lopes, Tatiana Sanches","doi":"10.1344/bid2020.46.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/bid2020.46.15","url":null,"abstract":"Aim of this study: To know the performance of information professionals in the ght against fake news, through the analysis of strategies in information literacy skills in an academic context. Method: A review of the literature indexed on Scopus and the Web of Science, associating fake news and information literacy in the context of higher education, was carried out. Results/Discussion: The Web of Science presents a total of 106 results and Scopus 43 results. The analysis points to the description of initiatives and projects from both higher education libraries and information professionals from the same sector, committed to the cause of ghting fake news. The literature stresses the importance of the educational factor: the training of motivated users for knowledge enhances the distinction of the truthfulness of what is stated and allows the identi cation of the most appropriate scenario for the production of knowledge. Better prepared individuals assume as insu cient the information made available by the Internet. In this process, libraries and librarians in higher education are important agents, as providers of learning and of updated and reliable information. It is suggested that measures be implemented by higher education institutions and information professionals to effectively combat fake news, especially in the academic context. It was concluded that knowledge can result in information, but the information does not necessarily result in knowledge – and information may not go beyond the level of opinion, so it is important to strengthen training strategies.","PeriodicalId":40858,"journal":{"name":"BiD-Textos Universitaris de Biblioteconomia i Documentacio","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90953867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
''Aquest article és meu'' : una proposta per a un marc teòric d''explicació per als conflictes d''edició a la Viquipèdia
IF 0.4 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1344/bid2021.47.10
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引用次数: 0
Creació de perfils institucionals a Google Scholar : nous usos en biblioteques de recerca
IF 0.4 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1344/bid2021.47.14
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引用次数: 1
Mujeres periodistas en Wikipedia : una radiografía desde la perspectiva de género 维基百科上的女记者:性别视角的x光片
IF 0.4 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1344/bid2021.47.07
{"title":"Mujeres periodistas en Wikipedia : una radiografía desde la perspectiva de género","authors":"","doi":"10.1344/bid2021.47.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/bid2021.47.07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40858,"journal":{"name":"BiD-Textos Universitaris de Biblioteconomia i Documentacio","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75682368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Análisis bibliométrico con Wikidata : el caso Comunicar Wikidata的文献计量分析:案例沟通
IF 0.4 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1344/bid2021.47.09
Ángel Obregón Sierra
Objectives: this study presents a bibliometric analysis carried out after incorporating all the articles of the journal Comunicar in the free database Wikidata. It's a collaboratively edited knowledge base owned by the Wikimedia Foundation, the same organization that provides the cooperative online encyclopedia Wikipedia. After carrying out a thorough analysis of the publications, the objective is to analyze the scientific production of the journal Comunicar over its 27 years of existence (1993– 2020), applying various bibliometric indicators and using a free database that any user can access. Methodology: of a descriptive-retrospective nature, this research analyzed the 62 issues and 1230 articles published in the journal, which were added to the open database Wikidata. Bibliometric indicators of scientific productivity, collaboration, consumption, repercussion and impact were considered, using various free tools to study the information. Results: remarkable differences were found between two different periods. In the first one, from its foundation until 2009, not all articles included references. The average number of references was not very high, and there was a relatively low collaboration rate. This work has made visible the change experienced by the journal Comunicar from 2010 when it started to appear in the main databases of scientific journals. After carrying out all the analyses, it has been found that the introduction of open bibliographic information can be helpful for bibliometric analysis, with free access to any user.
目的:本研究在纳入维基数据免费数据库中《通讯》杂志的所有文章后,进行了文献计量学分析。它是一个由维基媒体基金会拥有的协作编辑知识库,该基金会提供了协作在线百科全书维基百科。在对出版物进行彻底分析之后,目标是分析《通信》杂志27年来(1993 - 2020年)的科学成果,应用各种文献计量指标并使用任何用户都可以访问的免费数据库。方法:本研究采用描述性-回顾性的方法,分析了该期刊发表的62期1230篇文章,并将其添加到开放数据库Wikidata中。使用各种免费工具对信息进行研究,考虑了科学生产力、合作、消费、反响和影响等文献计量指标。结果:两期间差异有统计学意义。在第一个数据库中,从创建到2009年,并非所有文章都包含参考文献。平均参考文献数不是很高,合作率相对较低。这项工作使《通讯》杂志从2010年开始出现在科学期刊的主要数据库中所经历的变化变得可见。通过分析发现,开放书目信息的引入有利于文献计量学分析,对任何用户都可以免费获取。
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引用次数: 0
Com es combaten les notícies falses mitjançant l''alfabetització informacional? Reptes i estratègies de formació en l''ensenyament superior
IF 0.4 Q3 INFORMATION SCIENCE & LIBRARY SCIENCE Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1344/bid2020.46.14
{"title":"Com es combaten les notícies falses mitjançant l''alfabetització informacional? Reptes i estratègies de formació en l''ensenyament superior","authors":"","doi":"10.1344/bid2020.46.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1344/bid2020.46.14","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40858,"journal":{"name":"BiD-Textos Universitaris de Biblioteconomia i Documentacio","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89284355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
期刊
BiD-Textos Universitaris de Biblioteconomia i Documentacio
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