Pub Date : 1999-06-07DOI: 10.1109/MMCS.1999.779290
Mireille Bétrancourt
As computerized documents proliferate in every activity area, the instructional domain has been overwhelmed with multimedia learning tools that make an extensive use of fancy graphics and animations. However, their design is usually based on intuition rather than on empirical evidence, and little, if nothing, is known about their actual effect on users. Our research investigates how dynamic options in multimedia documents affect users' understanding and memorization processes. We focused on a device called "sequential display", where clusters of information in a single document are displayed gradually in a meaningful sequence. The results of a preliminary experiment showed that the users memorized the organisation used to display the document. Moreover, this organization affects their performance in further problem solving situations. Thus, these findings suggest that dynamic features may be effective instructional devices, providing that their use is based on actual results from the cognitive and educational research.
{"title":"Sequential display of multimedia instructions: effect on users' understanding","authors":"Mireille Bétrancourt","doi":"10.1109/MMCS.1999.779290","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMCS.1999.779290","url":null,"abstract":"As computerized documents proliferate in every activity area, the instructional domain has been overwhelmed with multimedia learning tools that make an extensive use of fancy graphics and animations. However, their design is usually based on intuition rather than on empirical evidence, and little, if nothing, is known about their actual effect on users. Our research investigates how dynamic options in multimedia documents affect users' understanding and memorization processes. We focused on a device called \"sequential display\", where clusters of information in a single document are displayed gradually in a meaningful sequence. The results of a preliminary experiment showed that the users memorized the organisation used to display the document. Moreover, this organization affects their performance in further problem solving situations. Thus, these findings suggest that dynamic features may be effective instructional devices, providing that their use is based on actual results from the cognitive and educational research.","PeriodicalId":408680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124789724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-07DOI: 10.1109/MMCS.1999.779287
Stéphane Crozat, O. Hû, P. Trigano
We submit a method (EMPI: Evaluation of Multimedia, Pedagogical and Interactive software) to evaluate multimedia software used in an educational context. Our purpose is to help users (teachers or students) to decide in front of the large choice of software actually proposed. We structured a list of evaluation criteria, grouped through six approaches: the general feeling, the technical quality, the usability, the scenario, the multimedia documents, and the didactical aspects. A global questionnaire joins all these modules. We are also designing software that could make the method easier to use and more powerful. We present the list of the criteria we selected and organised, along with some examples of questions, and a brief description of the method and the linked software.
{"title":"A method for evaluating multimedia learning software","authors":"Stéphane Crozat, O. Hû, P. Trigano","doi":"10.1109/MMCS.1999.779287","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMCS.1999.779287","url":null,"abstract":"We submit a method (EMPI: Evaluation of Multimedia, Pedagogical and Interactive software) to evaluate multimedia software used in an educational context. Our purpose is to help users (teachers or students) to decide in front of the large choice of software actually proposed. We structured a list of evaluation criteria, grouped through six approaches: the general feeling, the technical quality, the usability, the scenario, the multimedia documents, and the didactical aspects. A global questionnaire joins all these modules. We are also designing software that could make the method easier to use and more powerful. We present the list of the criteria we selected and organised, along with some examples of questions, and a brief description of the method and the linked software.","PeriodicalId":408680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125332157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-07DOI: 10.1109/MMCS.1999.779129
M. Maybury
Traditionally usability holds the status of an art applied by limited, highly expert scientists and engineers intended to enhance the design of hardware and software for the ultimate benefit of the end user. In the creation of human computer interfaces, the usability engineer (or should we say interface artist) has at her disposal a number of techniques ranging from Wizard of Oz experiments to cognitive complexity analyses to help determine the ideal interface to an application. In this position paper, we claim two basic points. First, that systems are rapidly increasing in complexity and breadth of use that even interface artists are no longer able to predict the range and contexts of uses of these systems and thus have an increasingly difficult task of creating interfaces to serve a range of users and situations. Secondly, we claim that increasing intelligence in both the interface and applications will ultimately wield this application complexity. We illustrate this with examples from intelligent multimedia interfaces and an innovative multimedia news understanding domain. We conclude by sketching a new approach to interface instrumentation and evaluation currently being explored at MITRE that promises a methodology for advancement.
{"title":"Putting usable intelligence into multimedia applications","authors":"M. Maybury","doi":"10.1109/MMCS.1999.779129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMCS.1999.779129","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally usability holds the status of an art applied by limited, highly expert scientists and engineers intended to enhance the design of hardware and software for the ultimate benefit of the end user. In the creation of human computer interfaces, the usability engineer (or should we say interface artist) has at her disposal a number of techniques ranging from Wizard of Oz experiments to cognitive complexity analyses to help determine the ideal interface to an application. In this position paper, we claim two basic points. First, that systems are rapidly increasing in complexity and breadth of use that even interface artists are no longer able to predict the range and contexts of uses of these systems and thus have an increasingly difficult task of creating interfaces to serve a range of users and situations. Secondly, we claim that increasing intelligence in both the interface and applications will ultimately wield this application complexity. We illustrate this with examples from intelligent multimedia interfaces and an innovative multimedia news understanding domain. We conclude by sketching a new approach to interface instrumentation and evaluation currently being explored at MITRE that promises a methodology for advancement.","PeriodicalId":408680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems","volume":"14 6","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132329548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-07DOI: 10.1109/MMCS.1999.778574
E. Ardizzone, M. Cascia, A. Avanzato, A. Bruna
In the last years a lot of work has been done on color, textural, structural and semantic indexing of "content-based" video databases. Motion-based video indexing has been less explored, with approaches generally based on the analysis of optical flows. Compressed videos require the decompression of the sequences and the computation of optical flows, two steps computationally heavy. In this paper we propose some methods to index videos by motion features (mainly related to camera motion) and by motion-based spatial segmentation of frames, in a fully automatic way. Our idea is to use MPEG motion vectors as an alternative to optical flows. Their extraction is very simple and fast; it doesn't require a full decompression of the stream and saves us from computing optical flows. Additional computational economy comes from having one motion vector each 16/spl times/16 sub-image; this makes the algorithms faster than working with dense optical flows. Experimental results reported at the end of this paper show that MPEG motion compensation vectors are suitable for this kind of applications.
{"title":"Video indexing using MPEG motion compensation vectors","authors":"E. Ardizzone, M. Cascia, A. Avanzato, A. Bruna","doi":"10.1109/MMCS.1999.778574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMCS.1999.778574","url":null,"abstract":"In the last years a lot of work has been done on color, textural, structural and semantic indexing of \"content-based\" video databases. Motion-based video indexing has been less explored, with approaches generally based on the analysis of optical flows. Compressed videos require the decompression of the sequences and the computation of optical flows, two steps computationally heavy. In this paper we propose some methods to index videos by motion features (mainly related to camera motion) and by motion-based spatial segmentation of frames, in a fully automatic way. Our idea is to use MPEG motion vectors as an alternative to optical flows. Their extraction is very simple and fast; it doesn't require a full decompression of the stream and saves us from computing optical flows. Additional computational economy comes from having one motion vector each 16/spl times/16 sub-image; this makes the algorithms faster than working with dense optical flows. Experimental results reported at the end of this paper show that MPEG motion compensation vectors are suitable for this kind of applications.","PeriodicalId":408680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134604535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-07DOI: 10.1109/MMCS.1999.778439
L. Gutierrez, S. Sallent
Multimedia traffic is carried over multi-access channels using random multi-access protocols (RMAP) to access the common channel by users' equipment. The main goal of any RMAP is that the network is shared by all users in a fair way. RMAP must also be able to cope with the QoS that different multimedia traffic requires. Current protocols proposed for multimedia traffic are very sophisticated and difficult to analyze because they use distributed queues. The main goal of this paper is to present a common methodology to analyze multimedia RMAP. The results obtained by this procedure include the computation not only of the expected values but the distributions of the final interdeparture time and the departure burst size.
{"title":"A new procedure to analyze random multiaccess protocols for multimedia applications","authors":"L. Gutierrez, S. Sallent","doi":"10.1109/MMCS.1999.778439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMCS.1999.778439","url":null,"abstract":"Multimedia traffic is carried over multi-access channels using random multi-access protocols (RMAP) to access the common channel by users' equipment. The main goal of any RMAP is that the network is shared by all users in a fair way. RMAP must also be able to cope with the QoS that different multimedia traffic requires. Current protocols proposed for multimedia traffic are very sophisticated and difficult to analyze because they use distributed queues. The main goal of this paper is to present a common methodology to analyze multimedia RMAP. The results obtained by this procedure include the computation not only of the expected values but the distributions of the final interdeparture time and the departure burst size.","PeriodicalId":408680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133302777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-07DOI: 10.1109/MMCS.1999.778624
Byung-Woo Min, H. Yoon, Jung Soh, Young-Kyu Yang
This research aims to recognize one-stroke pictorial gestures from visual images, and to develop a graphic/text editing system running in real time. The tasks are performed through three steps: moving-hand tracking and trajectory generation, key-gesture segmentation and gesture recognition by analyzing dynamic features. A gesture vocabulary consists of forty-eight gestures of three types: (1) six editing commands, (2) six graphic primitives, (3) alphanumeric characters-twenty-six alphabetic and ten numerical. Some dynamic features are obtained from spatio-temporal trajectories and quantized by the K-means algorithm. The quantized vectors were trained and tested using hidden Markov models (HMMs).
{"title":"Visual gesture recognition for real-time editing system","authors":"Byung-Woo Min, H. Yoon, Jung Soh, Young-Kyu Yang","doi":"10.1109/MMCS.1999.778624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMCS.1999.778624","url":null,"abstract":"This research aims to recognize one-stroke pictorial gestures from visual images, and to develop a graphic/text editing system running in real time. The tasks are performed through three steps: moving-hand tracking and trajectory generation, key-gesture segmentation and gesture recognition by analyzing dynamic features. A gesture vocabulary consists of forty-eight gestures of three types: (1) six editing commands, (2) six graphic primitives, (3) alphanumeric characters-twenty-six alphabetic and ten numerical. Some dynamic features are obtained from spatio-temporal trajectories and quantized by the K-means algorithm. The quantized vectors were trained and tested using hidden Markov models (HMMs).","PeriodicalId":408680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132906466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-07DOI: 10.1109/MMCS.1999.778632
O. Deroo, H. Leich, G. Deville, Stan C. A. M. Gielen, Johan Vanparys
This paper describes the demonstration of the DEMOSTHENES prototype, an interactive tool for the correction of foreign language learners' pronunciation. After briefly describing the learners' profile and the application language, the authors expose the basic modules that lead to the final prototype. Finally, the tool is described as it appears in its demonstration version.
{"title":"DEMOSTHENES: When the computer corrects your foreign language pronunciation","authors":"O. Deroo, H. Leich, G. Deville, Stan C. A. M. Gielen, Johan Vanparys","doi":"10.1109/MMCS.1999.778632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMCS.1999.778632","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the demonstration of the DEMOSTHENES prototype, an interactive tool for the correction of foreign language learners' pronunciation. After briefly describing the learners' profile and the application language, the authors expose the basic modules that lead to the final prototype. Finally, the tool is described as it appears in its demonstration version.","PeriodicalId":408680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122846721","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-07DOI: 10.1109/MMCS.1999.779136
Augusto de Albuquerque, Carlos Morais Pires
European R&D programmes in telecommunication and information technology, managed by the European Commission Services, are about to start a new phase. The Information Society Technologies programme brings to the foreground the concept of convergence. Convergence between technologies but also between technology and the commercial and regulatory requirements to enable open global markets. The former industrial pre-competitive European R&D programmes, RACE (Research and Development in Advanced Communications in Europe) and ACTS (Advanced Communications Technologies and Services), maintained a strong symbiotic relationship with standardisation. Through mechanisms put in place during the lifetime of the programme the various research projects were clustered in concertation groups to harmonise approaches leading to clear and stronger contributions in the different standardisation organisation/consortia. The expectations are that standardisation in the networked multimedia domain works as enabler of market openness and fairness, public interest and social-cultural awareness (in the sense of taking into account the end-user as an individual or community) leading to a non-obstructive competitive attitude. This paper lists a non-exhaustive set of points in telecommunication and information technology where we believe R&D and standardisation must find a sustained input/output flow of background technological work and consensus-building mechanisms to achieve the above mentioned objectives.
{"title":"European R&D and standardisation in the multimedia domain: a symbiotic relationship","authors":"Augusto de Albuquerque, Carlos Morais Pires","doi":"10.1109/MMCS.1999.779136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMCS.1999.779136","url":null,"abstract":"European R&D programmes in telecommunication and information technology, managed by the European Commission Services, are about to start a new phase. The Information Society Technologies programme brings to the foreground the concept of convergence. Convergence between technologies but also between technology and the commercial and regulatory requirements to enable open global markets. The former industrial pre-competitive European R&D programmes, RACE (Research and Development in Advanced Communications in Europe) and ACTS (Advanced Communications Technologies and Services), maintained a strong symbiotic relationship with standardisation. Through mechanisms put in place during the lifetime of the programme the various research projects were clustered in concertation groups to harmonise approaches leading to clear and stronger contributions in the different standardisation organisation/consortia. The expectations are that standardisation in the networked multimedia domain works as enabler of market openness and fairness, public interest and social-cultural awareness (in the sense of taking into account the end-user as an individual or community) leading to a non-obstructive competitive attitude. This paper lists a non-exhaustive set of points in telecommunication and information technology where we believe R&D and standardisation must find a sustained input/output flow of background technological work and consensus-building mechanisms to achieve the above mentioned objectives.","PeriodicalId":408680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122169997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-07DOI: 10.1109/MMCS.1999.778133
M. Shin, J. Hahm
We present an implementation of Web based multicast audio and video application over QoS enabled networks. In order to apply QoS guaranteed multicast audio and video to the Web, architecture extension for real-time stream transmission, session directory service and QoS delivery embedded into the Web is needed. We attempt to identify a solution that can be deployed immediately. We design and implement a QoS based multicast multimedia application by integrating the RTP, SDP/SAP and RSVP into the Web, which allows Web users to join a multicast session and receive QoS guaranteed multicast audio and video seamlessly.
{"title":"Applying QoS guaranteed multicast audio and video to the Web","authors":"M. Shin, J. Hahm","doi":"10.1109/MMCS.1999.778133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMCS.1999.778133","url":null,"abstract":"We present an implementation of Web based multicast audio and video application over QoS enabled networks. In order to apply QoS guaranteed multicast audio and video to the Web, architecture extension for real-time stream transmission, session directory service and QoS delivery embedded into the Web is needed. We attempt to identify a solution that can be deployed immediately. We design and implement a QoS based multicast multimedia application by integrating the RTP, SDP/SAP and RSVP into the Web, which allows Web users to join a multicast session and receive QoS guaranteed multicast audio and video seamlessly.","PeriodicalId":408680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114994458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-06-07DOI: 10.1109/MMCS.1999.778423
A. Pajares, J. C. Guerri, M. Esteve, C. Palau, A. Leon, N. Cardona
Providing QoS guarantees in wireless networks is a much more complex problem than in fixed networks. Conventional fixed allocation schemes are not suitable for these traffic patterns and it becomes necessary to design new dynamic resource allocation schemes. This paper deals with three of the main wireless network problems to provide multimedia QoS guarantees, i.e., frequency assignation, bandwidth requirements and error rate. For the former problem, several frequency assignment algorithms have been evaluated. For the second, a dynamic resource allocation algorithm is proposed. The goal of this algorithm is to share the available wireless bandwidth between the major number of connections, and offer the maximum QoS to all of them depending on the connection state. For the latter, error rate effects are corrected by means of an adaptive error control algorithm based on RTP. This algorithm tries to balance the channel quality of the on-going calls to obtain a fair error quality for all of them.
{"title":"Dynamic frequency and resource allocation with adaptive error control based on RTP for multimedia QoS guarantees in wireless networks","authors":"A. Pajares, J. C. Guerri, M. Esteve, C. Palau, A. Leon, N. Cardona","doi":"10.1109/MMCS.1999.778423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/MMCS.1999.778423","url":null,"abstract":"Providing QoS guarantees in wireless networks is a much more complex problem than in fixed networks. Conventional fixed allocation schemes are not suitable for these traffic patterns and it becomes necessary to design new dynamic resource allocation schemes. This paper deals with three of the main wireless network problems to provide multimedia QoS guarantees, i.e., frequency assignation, bandwidth requirements and error rate. For the former problem, several frequency assignment algorithms have been evaluated. For the second, a dynamic resource allocation algorithm is proposed. The goal of this algorithm is to share the available wireless bandwidth between the major number of connections, and offer the maximum QoS to all of them depending on the connection state. For the latter, error rate effects are corrected by means of an adaptive error control algorithm based on RTP. This algorithm tries to balance the channel quality of the on-going calls to obtain a fair error quality for all of them.","PeriodicalId":408680,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings IEEE International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems","volume":"270 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116622223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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