Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.3126/litstud.v35i01.43684
Lok Raj Regmi
This study explores the place of literature in language syllabus and analyzes how literature supports language enrichment, extensive reading and critical reading. Literature for language enrichment describes how literature supports the development of language skills in students. Literature for extensive reading deals with how literature supports the development of inferential and literary skills. Likewise, literature for critical reading describes how literature contributes to the development of intellectual skills in students. For this, theoretical and empirical studies have been consulted. Similarly, five teachers teaching English language/literature at university level as primary sources have been interviewed to collect data. The data collected from interviews have been discussed under four different themes. The study concludes that literature occupies an important space in language syllabus as literature is pedagogically, linguistically and aesthetically embedded. Literature in language syllabus is relevant to teach language skills, for example, listening, speaking, reading and writing. The study shows that literature provides the ground to teach literary and inferential skills: commenting, appreciating, characterizing, finding clues, developing supporting details, drawing conclusion. In addition, literature supports to teach intellectual skills: analyzing, synthesizing and interpreting using literary criticism.
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Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.3126/litstud.v35i01.43676
Nirjala Adhikari
The paper is an attempt to examine body politics in Rabindranath Tagore’s short story “Living or Dead ?” Basically, it tries to answer why people behave differently with a dead and a living body and what is the politics behind it, through the life of Kadambini, the protagonist of the story. The story revolves around the life and death of Kadambini. She is a poor widow. When she is believed to be alive everyone treats her kindly. She is in a way epitome of kindness. She fosters the son of Jamindar. But when she becomes unconscious people think that she is dead. On the way to the burning ground, the Brahmins who take her body engages in other kinds of stuff. At the same moment, she gets her consciousness back but everyone thinks that she is already dead and becomes a ghost and walks away. When she comes back home suddenly she becomes a terrifying object. Everyone frightens with her even her own foster son. So, his paper argues that people behave living and dead bodies differently especially the word “death” itself performs a horror factor in Tagore’s “Living or Dead?” Thus, the paper explores how the words living and dead play the role of power dynamics and change people’s perceptions about the same body. To elucidate this statement Foucault and Butler’s ideas on body politics are used.
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Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.3126/litstud.v35i01.43675
Mohan Dangaura
This paper critically examines the folk dance songs of Dangaura Tharu fromthe perspective of space, memory, and performance. The paper establishes the relationship between Tharu subjectivity and conscience of their past topography inherent intheir folk dance songs. In one aspect where the overall folk performance of Tharu reflects their lifestyle, in another aspect, their folk songs and rituals assist them to connect with the natural environment where they inhabit. This paper has brandied their performance as the art reflecting their bucolic lifestyle and melancholic memory. The songs have been collected, translated, and interpreted from different visual sources and personal communications. To analyze the primary texts, the notion of folklore performance from Alan Dundes, Richard Schechner, and other different folklorists have been utilized as the theoretical and review guidelines. The paper also includes the translated version of the songs. As for the indigenous culture aspirant like me, the study of folklores of Tharu indigeneity helps us to understand the spatial memory of one of the largest ethnicity of Nepal and their socio-economic history. It will provide a new perspective of their historical changes from literature which have not been critically assessed in the already conducted studies. Hence, the findings of the research help us to understand the necessary social index of one of Nepal’s largest indigeneity.
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Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.3126/litstud.v35i01.43680
Shruti Das
Joseph Nye coined the term “soft power” which he says means “getting others to want the outcomes that you want.” The world’s largest democracy India is also the home of millions of impoverished people including many indigenous tribes that are impediments to the desired rapid economic and political growth of India. Mother Forest: The Unfinished Story of C. K. Janu, written by Janu Bhaskaran and translated from the original Malayalam into English by N. Ravi Shanker, narrates the story of the struggle of the Adiyas, a tribal people of Kerala, whose identity and livelihood is threatened when they are dispossessed of their ancient land in the forest. The tribe is led by Janu, a girl from their community, whose struggles against the soft power of the State inform the crisis of existence of these tribal people. This paper will attempt to study the crisis of existence of the tribal people in the narrative of Mother Forest using Nye’s theory of “soft power”. This paper will attempt to expose the authoritarianism of State policies vis a vis the helplessness of the indigenous people in the face of displacement from their original habitat as described in Mother Forest.
约瑟夫·奈创造了“软实力”一词，他说这意味着“让别人想要你想要的结果”。作为世界上最大的民主国家，印度也是数百万贫困人口的家园，其中包括许多土著部落，他们阻碍了印度经济和政治的快速发展。《森林母亲:C. K. Janu未完成的故事》由Janu Bhaskaran撰写，由N. Ravi Shanker从马拉雅拉姆语翻译成英语，讲述了喀拉拉邦阿迪亚斯部落人民的斗争故事，他们的身份和生计受到威胁，因为他们被剥夺了他们在森林中的古老土地。这个部落由来自他们社区的女孩Janu领导，她与国家软实力的斗争表明了这些部落人民的生存危机。本文试图运用奈的“软实力”理论来研究《森林母亲》叙事中部落民族的生存危机。本文将试图揭露国家政策的威权主义，以及土著人民面对《森林母亲》中所描述的流离失所者的无助。
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Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.3126/litstud.v35i01.43673
Komal Prasad Phuyal
Madan Mani Dixit’s novel Madhavi (1983) subtly argues for change in the existing rigid political order of his time by projecting self larger than the polity. Borrowing a narrative from the Mahabharata, the novelist develops it into a full length novel to point out the cracks in the political system of his time: as a political order, the Panchayat had lost the sense of justice within the first two decades after its promulgation in 1962. Dixit employs Galav and Madhavi as dissenting voice of the age, upholding the spirit of resistance and seeking for transformation in consciousness. The tale from the post-Vedic society serves as an instance to imply the parallel situation of the country that attempts to transcend beyond the contemporary context. In this study, I have approached the novel from the new historicist vantage point to dissect the text in the changing political context of its writing. The paper claims that as a Nepali novel, Dixit’s Madhavi rewrites the episode of political struggle between the person and polity in an oppressive political order in the 1970s in Nepal when the political self and polity were in tension as the outcome of their struggle for a new order in society. Moving beyond the existing situation, the maestro novelist picks the narrative of Madhavi and Galav from the Mahabharata and sets them in quest of new order in the form of agrarian society from the crumbling order of slavery. Dixit’s work critiques the limitations of both self and polity in leaving the impact of one on the other, thereby exposing the brutal treatment and fall of an oppressive political order. This paper reads historical reality of the 1970s in Dixit’s Madhavi in which the author writes the political history of Nepal.
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Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.3126/litstud.v35i01.43678
S. Bhandari
This article examines Lao Tzu’s classical work Tao Te Ching with the concepts of essence and existence that predominantly guide the philosophy of existence propounded by Jean-Paul Sartre. Tao Te Ching provides the way to pursuit identity in the world. It centralizes on the making of the self. To cultivate the identity, one should face the realitie. Then one realizes that existence antecedes the essence because one becomes what one chooses. Essence is simply biological and not the destiny rather what we create out of multiple choices construct our individuality. This realization is the perfect way to be an evolved individual. This is another way of defining the concept of existence delivered by Tzu and Sartre. Likewise, both Tzu and Sartre agree that human exists at first. His/her existential journey starts with the materialization of facticity that s/he crisscrosses in the world. All these aspects are the fundamentals of Tao Te Ching and Sartre’s philosophy of existence. This paper becomes a landmark to perceive how the philosophical beats vibrate equally both in classical work and modern philosophy. To examine all these concepts, the article has used the textual analysis method, following the paradigm of qualitative approach to research.
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Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.3126/litstud.v35i01.43681
Thir Bahadur Khadka
Morbid human instinct and revenge psychology can lead a person to torture others with massive pain often pushing their lives into post-traumatic stress disorder which, however, can be managed with careful medicinal treatment, family support and elimination of the causes of disorder itself. Based on library research, consulting relevant archived documents supportive for analyzing the novel, this study employs the theory of trauma particularly drawing upon Caruth, Capra, Fish, Albucher and Liberzon who elaborate multiple aspects of the theory including the creation and elimination of psychic disorder. The findings show how a police interrogator tortures the suspects and enjoys at their pain in guidance of his revenge psychology developed years back when he was a street boy. The successful treatment of disorder shows how properly caring and loving the patients instead of creating distance, bringing them under proper treatment instead of isolating them and setting the things in right order instead of overlooking the causes can bring its proper management, thereby bringing the patients’ lives into right track and regular rhythm that anybody can implement for managing such disorders.
{"title":"Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Causes and Management in Ravi Thapaliya’s Echoes of Pain","authors":"Thir Bahadur Khadka","doi":"10.3126/litstud.v35i01.43681","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/litstud.v35i01.43681","url":null,"abstract":"Morbid human instinct and revenge psychology can lead a person to torture others with massive pain often pushing their lives into post-traumatic stress disorder which, however, can be managed with careful medicinal treatment, family support and elimination of the causes of disorder itself. Based on library research, consulting relevant archived documents supportive for analyzing the novel, this study employs the theory of trauma particularly drawing upon Caruth, Capra, Fish, Albucher and Liberzon who elaborate multiple aspects of the theory including the creation and elimination of psychic disorder. The findings show how a police interrogator tortures the suspects and enjoys at their pain in guidance of his revenge psychology developed years back when he was a street boy. The successful treatment of disorder shows how properly caring and loving the patients instead of creating distance, bringing them under proper treatment instead of isolating them and setting the things in right order instead of overlooking the causes can bring its proper management, thereby bringing the patients’ lives into right track and regular rhythm that anybody can implement for managing such disorders.","PeriodicalId":40903,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Literary Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89924787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-09DOI: 10.3126/litstud.v35i01.43683
Pradip Sharma
This paper critically examines the cultural shifts the confessional poets mainly Robert Lowell and Sylvia Plath brought in post war American poetry. Under the rubric of postwar isolation ongoing developmental practices induced by Fordist culture whatever psychic disturbances the contemporary generations encountered, are reflected in Lowell and Plath’s poetry. Unlike St. Augustine’s sacramental confession, confessional poetry primarily aims at autobiographical self-exploration in essence. Yet, the confessional poetry departs from the life writing with its sharp delving into the poet’s life. The kernel point of this paper is to discuss the way the poets debunk the boundary between private and public domain and the way they prefer to write on socially stigmatized issues like alcoholism, mental illness, adultery, suicidal thought, and depression. By exploring these issues, I argue that confessional poetry penetrates into the poetics of politics under postmodernism which blurs the border line of raw and cooked, decent and profane matters. While examining the selected poems of Lowell and Plath, the cathartic motto of the poets has been highly focused when they express their troubled experiences which were indecent in the past.
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Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.5325/intelitestud.23.4.0477
Michael Janis
abstract:Anton Chekhov's "The Bet" (1889) may be considered a latter-day conte-philosophique, as a symbolic engagement with the philosophical challenges presented by nihilism and anarchism that reverberated through Russia since the 1860s. Occasionally assigned in literature classes and alluded to by political pundits, the story nonetheless has not been recognized by critics as a masterpiece of irony and existential inquiry, influenced by countervailing currents of nineteenth-century philosophy. Considered in this article in the broader context of the Chekhovian intellectual journey, the fascinating yet unsettling quest for wisdom described in "The Bet" reflects a pivotal era of the Russian elite, suspended between bourgeois indifference and philosophical recognition.
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Pub Date : 2021-12-02DOI: 10.5325/intelitestud.23.4.0547
S. Marzioli
abstract:In this article, I address Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's writing that borrows from the cultural discourses of the Atlantic African diaspora of the interwar years. I analyze two texts, the play The Drum of Fire and the short story "The Black Man," both written in 1922; these are traversed by contemporary anticolonial discourses in Africa and the Black American rhetoric of emancipation, which Marinetti appropriates as prime examples of modernity and revolutionary politics. Far from expressing anticolonial and emancipatory sentiments for people of African descent, I argue that Marinetti coopts these discourses to project Italy at the center of the Atlantic world, as the locale of technological and cultural novelty. Between primitivist stereotypes and celebrations of cultural hybridity, these texts reflect Marinetti's attention for Black cultures of the Twenties, beyond the well-known "jazz craze." Steeped in current historical events, including Italian migration to the United States, the texts analyzed here demonstrate the contribution of African diasporic cultural discourses to a pivotal phase of Italy's own nation building, when the country is striving to establish itself as a modern, politically relevant nation on the international stage.
在本文中，我将探讨菲利普·托马索·马里内蒂(Filippo Tommaso Marinetti)从两次世界大战期间大西洋非洲侨民的文化话语中借鉴的写作。我分析了两篇文章:戏剧《火之鼓》(the Drum of Fire)和短篇小说《黑人》(the Black Man)，它们都写于1922年;这些都被当代非洲的反殖民主义话语和美国黑人解放的修辞所穿越，马里内蒂将其作为现代性和革命政治的主要例子。我认为马里内蒂并没有为非洲人后裔表达反殖民主义和解放主义的情绪，而是利用这些话语将意大利投射到大西洋世界的中心，作为技术和文化创新的场所。在原始主义的刻板印象和对文化混合的庆祝之间，这些文本反映了马里内蒂对20世纪20年代黑人文化的关注，超越了众所周知的“爵士热潮”。沉浸在当前的历史事件中，包括意大利移民到美国，这里分析的文本展示了非洲散居文化话语对意大利自身国家建设的关键阶段的贡献，当这个国家正在努力建立自己作为一个现代的，政治上相关的国家在国际舞台上。
{"title":"Cannibalizing the Black Atlantic in F. T. Marinetti's Interwar Writing","authors":"S. Marzioli","doi":"10.5325/intelitestud.23.4.0547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5325/intelitestud.23.4.0547","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In this article, I address Filippo Tommaso Marinetti's writing that borrows from the cultural discourses of the Atlantic African diaspora of the interwar years. I analyze two texts, the play The Drum of Fire and the short story \"The Black Man,\" both written in 1922; these are traversed by contemporary anticolonial discourses in Africa and the Black American rhetoric of emancipation, which Marinetti appropriates as prime examples of modernity and revolutionary politics. Far from expressing anticolonial and emancipatory sentiments for people of African descent, I argue that Marinetti coopts these discourses to project Italy at the center of the Atlantic world, as the locale of technological and cultural novelty. Between primitivist stereotypes and celebrations of cultural hybridity, these texts reflect Marinetti's attention for Black cultures of the Twenties, beyond the well-known \"jazz craze.\" Steeped in current historical events, including Italian migration to the United States, the texts analyzed here demonstrate the contribution of African diasporic cultural discourses to a pivotal phase of Italy's own nation building, when the country is striving to establish itself as a modern, politically relevant nation on the international stage.","PeriodicalId":40903,"journal":{"name":"Interdisciplinary Literary Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"547 - 572"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85180544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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