Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.24003/emitter.v9i2.649
Abeer N. Al-Nafjan, Najwa Alghamdi, Abdulaziz Almudhi
Virtual reality (VR) technology provides an interactive computer-generated experience that artificially simulates real-life situations by creating a virtual environment that looks real and stimulates the user’s feelings. During the past few years, the use of VR technology in clinical interventions for assessment, rehabilitation and treatment have received increased attention. Accordingly, many clinical studies and applications have been proposed in the field of mental health, including anxiety disorders. Stuttering is a speech disorder in which affected individuals have a problem with the flow of speech. This can manifest in the repetition and prolongation of words or phrases, as well as in involuntary silent pauses or blocks during which the individual is unable to produce sounds. Stuttering is often accompanied by a social anxiety disorder as a secondary symptom, which requires separate treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of using a VR environment as a medium for presenting speech training tasks. In addition, we evaluated the accuracy of a speech analyzer module in detecting stuttering events.
{"title":"Virtual Reality Technology and Speech Analysis for People Who Stutter","authors":"Abeer N. Al-Nafjan, Najwa Alghamdi, Abdulaziz Almudhi","doi":"10.24003/emitter.v9i2.649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24003/emitter.v9i2.649","url":null,"abstract":"Virtual reality (VR) technology provides an interactive computer-generated experience that artificially simulates real-life situations by creating a virtual environment that looks real and stimulates the user’s feelings. During the past few years, the use of VR technology in clinical interventions for assessment, rehabilitation and treatment have received increased attention. Accordingly, many clinical studies and applications have been proposed in the field of mental health, including anxiety disorders. Stuttering is a speech disorder in which affected individuals have a problem with the flow of speech. This can manifest in the repetition and prolongation of words or phrases, as well as in involuntary silent pauses or blocks during which the individual is unable to produce sounds. Stuttering is often accompanied by a social anxiety disorder as a secondary symptom, which requires separate treatment. In this study, we evaluated the effectiveness of using a VR environment as a medium for presenting speech training tasks. In addition, we evaluated the accuracy of a speech analyzer module in detecting stuttering events.","PeriodicalId":40905,"journal":{"name":"EMITTER-International Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89319556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Named Data Networking (NDN) is a model that has been proposed by many researchers to alter the long-established IP based networking model. It derives the content centric approach rather than host-based approach. This is gaining even more traction in the wireless network and is able to replace the conventional IP-based networking. Up to now, NDN has proven to be fruitful when used with certain limitations in vehicular networks. Vehicular networks deal with exchanging information across fast moving complex vehicle network topology. The sending and receiving of information in such a scenario acts as a challenge and thus requires an effective forwarding strategy to address this problem. Different research work has provided with multiple forwarding strategy that solves the current problem up to some limit but further research work is still longed for to get an optimum solution. This paper provides a brief survey on current existing forwarding strategies related to vehicular networks using NDN as well as providing information on various resources and technologies used in it.
{"title":"A Review on Forwarding Strategies in NDN based Vehicular Networks","authors":"Dependra Dhakal, Arpan Gautam, Sudipta Dey, Kalpana Sharma","doi":"10.24003/emitter.v9i2.632","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24003/emitter.v9i2.632","url":null,"abstract":"Named Data Networking (NDN) is a model that has been proposed by many researchers to alter the long-established IP based networking model. It derives the content centric approach rather than host-based approach. This is gaining even more traction in the wireless network and is able to replace the conventional IP-based networking. Up to now, NDN has proven to be fruitful when used with certain limitations in vehicular networks. Vehicular networks deal with exchanging information across fast moving complex vehicle network topology. The sending and receiving of information in such a scenario acts as a challenge and thus requires an effective forwarding strategy to address this problem. Different research work has provided with multiple forwarding strategy that solves the current problem up to some limit but further research work is still longed for to get an optimum solution. This paper provides a brief survey on current existing forwarding strategies related to vehicular networks using NDN as well as providing information on various resources and technologies used in it.","PeriodicalId":40905,"journal":{"name":"EMITTER-International Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91243626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-27DOI: 10.24003/emitter.v9i2.663
Wanzita Shilla, Xiaopeng Wang
Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a global threat that demands our attention and research. Statistics show that 50% of cardiac deaths are sudden cardiac death. Therefore, early cardiac arrhythmia detection may lead to timely and proper treatment, saving lives. We proposed a less complex, fast, and more efficient algorithm that quickly and accurately detects heart abnormalities. Firstly, we carefully examined 23 ECG signals of the patients who died from SCD to detect their arrhythmias. Then, we trained a deep learning model to auto-detect and distinguish the most lethal arrhythmias in SCD: Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) and Ventricular Fibrillation (VF), from Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR). Our work combined two techniques: Wavelet Transform (WT) and pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). WT was used to convert an ECG signal into scalogram and CNN for features extraction and arrhythmias classification. When examined in the MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm, MIT-BIH Malignant Ventricular Ectopy, and Creighton University Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia databases, the proposed methodology obtained an accuracy of 98.7% and an F-score of 0.9867, despite being less expensive and simple to execute.
{"title":"Wavelet Transform and Convolutional Neural Network Based Techniques in Combating Sudden Cardiac Death","authors":"Wanzita Shilla, Xiaopeng Wang","doi":"10.24003/emitter.v9i2.663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24003/emitter.v9i2.663","url":null,"abstract":"Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a global threat that demands our attention and research. Statistics show that 50% of cardiac deaths are sudden cardiac death. Therefore, early cardiac arrhythmia detection may lead to timely and proper treatment, saving lives. We proposed a less complex, fast, and more efficient algorithm that quickly and accurately detects heart abnormalities. Firstly, we carefully examined 23 ECG signals of the patients who died from SCD to detect their arrhythmias. Then, we trained a deep learning model to auto-detect and distinguish the most lethal arrhythmias in SCD: Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) and Ventricular Fibrillation (VF), from Normal Sinus Rhythm (NSR). Our work combined two techniques: Wavelet Transform (WT) and pre-trained Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). WT was used to convert an ECG signal into scalogram and CNN for features extraction and arrhythmias classification. When examined in the MIT-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm, MIT-BIH Malignant Ventricular Ectopy, and Creighton University Ventricular Tachyarrhythmia databases, the proposed methodology obtained an accuracy of 98.7% and an F-score of 0.9867, despite being less expensive and simple to execute.","PeriodicalId":40905,"journal":{"name":"EMITTER-International Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87836170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-23DOI: 10.24003/emitter.v9i2.627
R. Ullah, Z. Khalid, Fargham Sandhu, Imran Khan
The growing demands for mobile broadband application services along with the scarcity of the spectrum have triggered the dense utilization of frequency resources in cellular networks. The capacity demands are coped accordingly, however at the detriment of added inter-cell interference (ICI). Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) is an effective ICI mitigation approach when adopted in realistic irregular geometry cellular networks. However, in the literature optimized spectrum resources for the individual users are not considered. In this paper Hungarian Mechanism based Sectored Fractional Frequency Reuse (HMS-FFR) scheme is proposed, where the sub-carriers present in the dynamically partitioned spectrum are optimally allocated to each user. Simulation results revealed that the proposed HMS-FFR scheme enhances the system performance in terms of achievable throughput, average sum rate, and achievable throughput with respect to load while considering full traffic.
{"title":"Hungarian Mechanism based Sectored FFR for Irregular Geometry Multicellular Networks","authors":"R. Ullah, Z. Khalid, Fargham Sandhu, Imran Khan","doi":"10.24003/emitter.v9i2.627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24003/emitter.v9i2.627","url":null,"abstract":"The growing demands for mobile broadband application services along with the scarcity of the spectrum have triggered the dense utilization of frequency resources in cellular networks. The capacity demands are coped accordingly, however at the detriment of added inter-cell interference (ICI). Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) is an effective ICI mitigation approach when adopted in realistic irregular geometry cellular networks. However, in the literature optimized spectrum resources for the individual users are not considered. In this paper Hungarian Mechanism based Sectored Fractional Frequency Reuse (HMS-FFR) scheme is proposed, where the sub-carriers present in the dynamically partitioned spectrum are optimally allocated to each user. Simulation results revealed that the proposed HMS-FFR scheme enhances the system performance in terms of achievable throughput, average sum rate, and achievable throughput with respect to load while considering full traffic.","PeriodicalId":40905,"journal":{"name":"EMITTER-International Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84454615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-17DOI: 10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31809
Uwem Ekwere Inyang, Victor James Bassey
In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was used to predict the moisture ratio of atama (Heinsia crinita) dried under different drying temperatures of 40 0C, 50 0C, 60 0C, and 70 0C using a laboratory dry oven. The experimental data collected (140 data points in all) which was partitioned into three sets: training (70%), validation (15%), and testing (15%) were modeled using artificial neural network (ANN), an Artificial Intelligence approach. The ANN model architecture of ANN (3 – 4 - 1) used in this work was selected by trial-and-error approach. The input layer had three (3) inputs (drying rate, temperature, time), the hidden layer had four (4) neurons, and the output layer had one (1) output (moisture ratio). Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm was used for training the network, and TANSIG and Purelin transfer/activation functions were used for the hidden layer and output layer, respectively. The model had a learning rate of 0.7, and the number of epochs was set at 1000. The results obtained showed that the ANN methodology could precisely predict experimental data with high correlation coefficient (R-Squared) value of 0.9995 – 0.9977 and low mean square error (RMSE) of 0.00052568, as the artificial neural network model more accurately predict the drying parameter (moisture ratio). The sensitivity analysis performed shows that temperature has the greatest impact on the moisture ratio of atama. From the finding, the ANN technology which is embedded in the neural toolbox of MATLAB mathematical software is indeed a tool of choice when it comes to the prediction of parameters of non-linear and complex processes like drying. The unique modelling technique and the model it evolved represent a huge step in the trajectory of achieving full automation of moisture ratio estimation which will increase the utilization of atama as well as other vegetables to curb the unending events of food spoilage currently plaguing the global food and agriculture industry.
{"title":"Prediction of the moisture ratio of Atama (Heinsia Crinita) leaves using artificial neural network (ANN)","authors":"Uwem Ekwere Inyang, Victor James Bassey","doi":"10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31809","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was used to predict the moisture ratio of atama (Heinsia crinita) dried under different drying temperatures of 40 0C, 50 0C, 60 0C, and 70 0C using a laboratory dry oven. The experimental data collected (140 data points in all) which was partitioned into three sets: training (70%), validation (15%), and testing (15%) were modeled using artificial neural network (ANN), an Artificial Intelligence approach. The ANN model architecture of ANN (3 – 4 - 1) used in this work was selected by trial-and-error approach. The input layer had three (3) inputs (drying rate, temperature, time), the hidden layer had four (4) neurons, and the output layer had one (1) output (moisture ratio). Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm was used for training the network, and TANSIG and Purelin transfer/activation functions were used for the hidden layer and output layer, respectively. The model had a learning rate of 0.7, and the number of epochs was set at 1000. The results obtained showed that the ANN methodology could precisely predict experimental data with high correlation coefficient (R-Squared) value of 0.9995 – 0.9977 and low mean square error (RMSE) of 0.00052568, as the artificial neural network model more accurately predict the drying parameter (moisture ratio). The sensitivity analysis performed shows that temperature has the greatest impact on the moisture ratio of atama. From the finding, the ANN technology which is embedded in the neural toolbox of MATLAB mathematical software is indeed a tool of choice when it comes to the prediction of parameters of non-linear and complex processes like drying. The unique modelling technique and the model it evolved represent a huge step in the trajectory of achieving full automation of moisture ratio estimation which will increase the utilization of atama as well as other vegetables to curb the unending events of food spoilage currently plaguing the global food and agriculture industry. ","PeriodicalId":40905,"journal":{"name":"EMITTER-International Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79183446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this article, we present a robust new hybrid algorithm combining successive compression, chaotic encryption, and blind watermarking images based on the quaternionic wavelets transform (QWT) to ensure the fast, simple and secure transfer of digital data. The calculations of the various evaluation parameters were carried out with the aim of determining the robustness of our algorithm against certain attacks. The results obtained of the reconstructed images before and after attacks of the compressed-encrypted-watermarked images are appreciated by calculating the evaluation parameters values and by the human visual system. The application of this hybrid algorithm on CFA images al-lowed us to obtain a stand-alone transmission system and ensure the integrity of digital data.
{"title":"Hybrid compression-encryption-watermarking image algorithm based on the quaternionic wavelets transform (QWT)","authors":"Abena Ndongo Hervé, Eloundou Ebassa Bertrand Ledoux, Abena Malobe Paul, Noura Alexendre","doi":"10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31630","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we present a robust new hybrid algorithm combining successive compression, chaotic encryption, and blind watermarking images based on the quaternionic wavelets transform (QWT) to ensure the fast, simple and secure transfer of digital data. The calculations of the various evaluation parameters were carried out with the aim of determining the robustness of our algorithm against certain attacks. The results obtained of the reconstructed images before and after attacks of the compressed-encrypted-watermarked images are appreciated by calculating the evaluation parameters values and by the human visual system. The application of this hybrid algorithm on CFA images al-lowed us to obtain a stand-alone transmission system and ensure the integrity of digital data. ","PeriodicalId":40905,"journal":{"name":"EMITTER-International Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78069222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.14419/ijet.v10i2.29688
Basil Marhoon, Ahmed Y. Abdalla
The present work evaluates the safety climate as it reflects safety culture and is considered as a fast tool for assessing safety culture with minimum resources required. The evaluation is done for a private thermal combined cycle power company, Plant A. Another private company is also producing electric energy and water desalination, Plant B. Both plants are in Bahrain and under the management of one company. The evaluation is done through questionnaires, including all the staff of 210 employees. The questionnaire used in the present work is based on Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) and modified by the help of the health and safety department of Plant A to be suitable to the power plant. Also, interviews are conducted to validate and support the questionnaire. Analysis has been done by different statistical methods using Microsoft Excel. The overall safety climate level of the two plants was found to be above average. The overall mean score of all results is 3.67 on a scale of 1 to 5. The mean score for most of the dimensions was higher than 3, which is considered a positive result. The level of safety for the daytime workers was found to be greater than the safety level of the shift workers. Also, the study reveals some factors that affect the safety climate level, such as, the nature of the work, the experience and the number of safety workshops attended.
{"title":"Safety climate analysis at two thermal power plants","authors":"Basil Marhoon, Ahmed Y. Abdalla","doi":"10.14419/ijet.v10i2.29688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v10i2.29688","url":null,"abstract":"The present work evaluates the safety climate as it reflects safety culture and is considered as a fast tool for assessing safety culture with minimum resources required. The evaluation is done for a private thermal combined cycle power company, Plant A. Another private company is also producing electric energy and water desalination, Plant B. Both plants are in Bahrain and under the management of one company. The evaluation is done through questionnaires, including all the staff of 210 employees. The questionnaire used in the present work is based on Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50) and modified by the help of the health and safety department of Plant A to be suitable to the power plant. Also, interviews are conducted to validate and support the questionnaire. Analysis has been done by different statistical methods using Microsoft Excel. The overall safety climate level of the two plants was found to be above average. The overall mean score of all results is 3.67 on a scale of 1 to 5. The mean score for most of the dimensions was higher than 3, which is considered a positive result. The level of safety for the daytime workers was found to be greater than the safety level of the shift workers. Also, the study reveals some factors that affect the safety climate level, such as, the nature of the work, the experience and the number of safety workshops attended. ","PeriodicalId":40905,"journal":{"name":"EMITTER-International Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81710952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-01DOI: 10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31728
N. M. Musa, M. M. Lawan
Cement-sand mortar is widely adaptable material used in construction as a binder for masonry walls or aesthetically for rendering and plas-tering. Fibre-reinforced mortar has been used for many years to increases the mortar’s structural properties. This paper discusses the the influence of textile fabric fibre on the properties of cement-sand mortars. Flexural strength test, compressive strength test and drying shrink-age tests were carried out on mortars made with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% textile fabric fibre additive. The tests were conducted at 7, 14 and 28 days and the results obtained showed that addition of textile fabric fibre in cement-sand mortar increases the mortar flexural strength and the mortar compressive strength. While, addition of textile fabric fibre reduces the drying shrinkage it can be concluded that textile fabric fibre can be utilized in cement-sand mortar using 1% optimum content.
{"title":"Effect of textile fabric fiber on mechanical properties of cement-sand mortar","authors":"N. M. Musa, M. M. Lawan","doi":"10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31728","url":null,"abstract":"Cement-sand mortar is widely adaptable material used in construction as a binder for masonry walls or aesthetically for rendering and plas-tering. Fibre-reinforced mortar has been used for many years to increases the mortar’s structural properties. This paper discusses the the influence of textile fabric fibre on the properties of cement-sand mortars. Flexural strength test, compressive strength test and drying shrink-age tests were carried out on mortars made with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0% textile fabric fibre additive. The tests were conducted at 7, 14 and 28 days and the results obtained showed that addition of textile fabric fibre in cement-sand mortar increases the mortar flexural strength and the mortar compressive strength. While, addition of textile fabric fibre reduces the drying shrinkage it can be concluded that textile fabric fibre can be utilized in cement-sand mortar using 1% optimum content. ","PeriodicalId":40905,"journal":{"name":"EMITTER-International Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76041569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-19DOI: 10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31829
Ghufran K.Azeez, Wisam S. Al-Rekabi, Husham T. Ibrahim
Because of the rapid urbanization, the rate of surface water pollution is increasing daily due to the disposal of different wastewater in the water bodies leading to creating major impacts on humans and wildlife. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a new treatment technology that can meet the challenges of increased sewage discharges and strictness in standard specifications for treated water and the lowest possible construction, maintenance, and operation costs while avoiding all the problems that arise from the use of the traditional technique of active sludge. Sequence Batch Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (SBMBBR) technology has been developed to overcome these challenges, (SBMBBR) process is one of the most efficient and economical wastewater treatment systems. in our research. the Lab-scale of SBMBBR technology is constructed to treat domestic wastewater. The SBR unit is consist of; Primary clarifier of (150 L), an SBR reactor of (96 L) which were used to treated 80 L/d, at the MBB which used Kaldnes media, was utilized as a carrier in reactor at a media fill ratio equal to 50%. We Was optimize of five operations cyclic mode and choose The fourth cyclic mode is the best for the average efficiency of removal (COD, NH4+-N, TN, TP) was (98.132%), (97.642%), (82.255%), and (92.107%) respectively.
{"title":"Performance of sequence batch moving bed biofilm reactor under different operation cycle modes for domestic wastewater treatment","authors":"Ghufran K.Azeez, Wisam S. Al-Rekabi, Husham T. Ibrahim","doi":"10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31829","url":null,"abstract":"Because of the rapid urbanization, the rate of surface water pollution is increasing daily due to the disposal of different wastewater in the water bodies leading to creating major impacts on humans and wildlife. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a new treatment technology that can meet the challenges of increased sewage discharges and strictness in standard specifications for treated water and the lowest possible construction, maintenance, and operation costs while avoiding all the problems that arise from the use of the traditional technique of active sludge. Sequence Batch Moving Bed Biofilm Reactors (SBMBBR) technology has been developed to overcome these challenges, (SBMBBR) process is one of the most efficient and economical wastewater treatment systems. in our research. the Lab-scale of SBMBBR technology is constructed to treat domestic wastewater. The SBR unit is consist of; Primary clarifier of (150 L), an SBR reactor of (96 L) which were used to treated 80 L/d, at the MBB which used Kaldnes media, was utilized as a carrier in reactor at a media fill ratio equal to 50%. We Was optimize of five operations cyclic mode and choose The fourth cyclic mode is the best for the average efficiency of removal (COD, NH4+-N, TN, TP) was (98.132%), (97.642%), (82.255%), and (92.107%) respectively. ","PeriodicalId":40905,"journal":{"name":"EMITTER-International Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87613868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-04DOI: 10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31737
Hilal Obeid, M. El –Kholy
Most countries in the Middle East region lack the availability of rainfall data and relationships for the rainfall durations and frequencies. In this study, the daily rainfall data collected from Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute and Beirut Airport Weather Forecast for five stations in Litani River Basin-Lebanon over a period of twenty-three years are analyzed. SCS Type II rainfall distribution was adopted for short duration intervals. Gumbel, Normal, and the Log Pearson Type III distributions are used to develop the relationship between the rainfall intensity, storm duration, and return periods. Chi-Square test is used to confirm the suitability of the fitted distributions. Results obtained using Log Pearson and Gumbel distributions are very close and are more applicable compared to that of the Normal Distribution. Also, results show that IDF equations of Kimijima and Sherman may fit well at all stations.
{"title":"Development of precipitation intensity-duration-frequency curves for litani river basin - Lebanon","authors":"Hilal Obeid, M. El –Kholy","doi":"10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v10i2.31737","url":null,"abstract":"Most countries in the Middle East region lack the availability of rainfall data and relationships for the rainfall durations and frequencies. In this study, the daily rainfall data collected from Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute and Beirut Airport Weather Forecast for five stations in Litani River Basin-Lebanon over a period of twenty-three years are analyzed. SCS Type II rainfall distribution was adopted for short duration intervals. Gumbel, Normal, and the Log Pearson Type III distributions are used to develop the relationship between the rainfall intensity, storm duration, and return periods. Chi-Square test is used to confirm the suitability of the fitted distributions. Results obtained using Log Pearson and Gumbel distributions are very close and are more applicable compared to that of the Normal Distribution. Also, results show that IDF equations of Kimijima and Sherman may fit well at all stations. ","PeriodicalId":40905,"journal":{"name":"EMITTER-International Journal of Engineering Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75052120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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