{"title":"The United States and International Straits: Two Cases from The 19th Century","authors":"Elif Yeneroğlu, Onur Kınlı","doi":"10.18513/egetid.1050216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.1050216","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40948,"journal":{"name":"Tarih Incelemeleri Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47913609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Osmanlı Döneminde Selanik Vilayetinde Eski Eserler ve Müze Kurulmasına Yönelik İlk Adımlar (1869-1912)","authors":"Gürsoy Şahin","doi":"10.18513/egetid.974627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.974627","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40948,"journal":{"name":"Tarih Incelemeleri Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Having always been competition fields thanks to their geopolitical impact potential, the Caucasus and Turkestan have been among the Strategic Focus Centres of Russia since the Tsarist times. While Russia, whose strategic culture has produced expansionist policies for centuries, constantly expanded its political borders, it clashed with the Ottoman Empire and Iran in the Caucasus field of competition. From the second half of the 19th century, the Kazakh regions and independent Turkic states (Khiva, Kokand and Bukhara) were occupied by the Tsarist Russia. The Imperial Age was also a period in which Russia expanded its sphere of influence over the Ottoman Empire through its patronage policies. Having embraced “New Reality” in the regional power projection in the near past, Turkey stayed away from the region for a long time. In addition to some ethnic and cultural problems paused by the Cold War, problems in the partition of the territory came to light again following the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Caucasus geography, from south to north, went back into the period when various national issues were at the forefront and conflicts were experienced. The occupation Armenia carried out with the sponsorship and de facto military support of Russia violated the sovereignty rights of Azerbaijan, caused great social and economic harm, deteriorated the geopolitical impact potential of Azerbaijan and Turkey, and annihilated the possibility of direct connection between Turkey and Turkestan. With Vladimir Putin taking the lead of the Russian Federation, Russia aimed at maintaining regional control and, beyond that, imperial domination, as it had also aimed in the times of the Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union. The appointment of Sergey Lavrov, who is of Armenian origin, to the post of Foreign Minister further increased the tension in the South Caucasus region. Eventually, the process that started with Pashinyan’s statement "Artsakh is Armenia, period" during his visit to Khankendi, and Ilham Aliyev's response "Karabakh is Azerbaijan, and exclamation mark!" resulted in absolute defeat of Armenia and pushed it to the position of a desperate province of Russia. However, there is no place for zero-sum games in real life. * Assoc. Prof., Ege University, Institute of Turkish World Studies, İzmir. E-mail; vefa_rzayeva@yahoo.com. ORCID: 0000-0002-8178-1544 ** Dr., E-mail: oguzhanergun@gmail.com. ORCID: 0000-0002-6917-0871 (Makale Gönderim Tarihi: 02.02.2021 Makale Kabul Tarihi: 02.03.2021) Vefa KURBAN Oğuzhan ERGÜN 210 In this study, the cemre1 that fell to the Trans-Caucasus on September 27, 2020 with the first martyr, and new realities are discussed. Following the triumph, how are the balances going to be formed? Or if they are not formed, is a period of conflict going to begin for third countries? What sort of climate change is Aliyev's New Reality going to involve in military, political, economic and cultural terms? The article t
由于其地缘政治影响潜力，高加索和突厥斯坦一直是竞争领域，自沙皇时代以来一直是俄罗斯的战略重点中心之一。几个世纪以来，俄罗斯的战略文化产生了扩张主义政策，不断扩大其政治边界，但它与奥斯曼帝国和伊朗在高加索竞争领域发生冲突。从19世纪下半叶开始，哈萨克地区和独立的突厥国家(希瓦、浩罕和布哈拉)被沙俄占领。帝国时代也是俄罗斯通过赞助政策扩大其对奥斯曼帝国影响范围的时期。在不久的过去，土耳其在地区力量投射中接受了“新现实”，因此在很长一段时间内远离了该地区。除了一些因冷战而暂时搁置的民族和文化问题外，随着冷战的结束和苏联的解体，领土分割问题再次暴露出来，高加索地区从南到北的地理又回到了各种民族问题突出和冲突频发的时期。亚美尼亚在俄罗斯的赞助和事实上的军事支持下进行的占领侵犯了阿塞拜疆的主权权利，造成了巨大的社会和经济损害，恶化了阿塞拜疆和土耳其的地缘政治影响潜力，并消灭了土耳其和土耳其斯坦之间直接联系的可能性。随着弗拉基米尔·普京(Vladimir Putin)领导俄罗斯联邦，俄罗斯的目标是维持地区控制，甚至是帝国统治，就像它在沙俄和苏联时代的目标一样。亚美尼亚裔谢尔盖·拉夫罗夫被任命为外交部长，进一步加剧了南高加索地区的紧张局势。最终，以Pashinyan在访问Khankendi期间的声明“Artsakh是亚美尼亚的，句号”和Ilham Aliyev的回应“卡拉巴赫是阿塞拜疆的，加上感叹号!”开始的进程导致亚美尼亚的绝对失败，并将其推向俄罗斯一个绝望的省份。然而，现实生活中没有零和游戏的容身之地。* Assoc。教授，埃格大学土耳其世界研究所，İzmir。电子邮件;vefa_rzayeva@yahoo.com。**博士，E-mail: oguzhanergun@gmail.com。ORCID: 0000-0002-6917-0871 (Makale Gönderim Tarihi: 02.02.2021 Makale Kabul Tarihi: 02.03.2021) Vefa KURBAN Oğuzhan ERGÜN 210在本研究中，讨论了2020年9月27日与第一位烈士一起落入高加索地区的墓地，以及新的现实。胜利之后，平衡将如何形成?或者如果他们没有形成，第三国是否会开始一段冲突时期?阿利耶夫的新现实在军事、政治、经济和文化方面将涉及什么样的气候变化?本文试图通过对历史背景和战略文化的质疑来解释这个问题的答案。
{"title":"The War Between Period and Exclamation Mark: New Reality and Nagorno-Karabakh: The Cemre that Fell to Nagorno-Karabakh","authors":"V. Kurban, Oğuzhan Ergün","doi":"10.18513/egetid.974614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.974614","url":null,"abstract":"Having always been competition fields thanks to their geopolitical impact potential, the Caucasus and Turkestan have been among the Strategic Focus Centres of Russia since the Tsarist times. While Russia, whose strategic culture has produced expansionist policies for centuries, constantly expanded its political borders, it clashed with the Ottoman Empire and Iran in the Caucasus field of competition. From the second half of the 19th century, the Kazakh regions and independent Turkic states (Khiva, Kokand and Bukhara) were occupied by the Tsarist Russia. The Imperial Age was also a period in which Russia expanded its sphere of influence over the Ottoman Empire through its patronage policies. Having embraced “New Reality” in the regional power projection in the near past, Turkey stayed away from the region for a long time. In addition to some ethnic and cultural problems paused by the Cold War, problems in the partition of the territory came to light again following the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Caucasus geography, from south to north, went back into the period when various national issues were at the forefront and conflicts were experienced. The occupation Armenia carried out with the sponsorship and de facto military support of Russia violated the sovereignty rights of Azerbaijan, caused great social and economic harm, deteriorated the geopolitical impact potential of Azerbaijan and Turkey, and annihilated the possibility of direct connection between Turkey and Turkestan. With Vladimir Putin taking the lead of the Russian Federation, Russia aimed at maintaining regional control and, beyond that, imperial domination, as it had also aimed in the times of the Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union. The appointment of Sergey Lavrov, who is of Armenian origin, to the post of Foreign Minister further increased the tension in the South Caucasus region. Eventually, the process that started with Pashinyan’s statement \"Artsakh is Armenia, period\" during his visit to Khankendi, and Ilham Aliyev's response \"Karabakh is Azerbaijan, and exclamation mark!\" resulted in absolute defeat of Armenia and pushed it to the position of a desperate province of Russia. However, there is no place for zero-sum games in real life. * Assoc. Prof., Ege University, Institute of Turkish World Studies, İzmir. E-mail; vefa_rzayeva@yahoo.com. ORCID: 0000-0002-8178-1544 ** Dr., E-mail: oguzhanergun@gmail.com. ORCID: 0000-0002-6917-0871 (Makale Gönderim Tarihi: 02.02.2021 Makale Kabul Tarihi: 02.03.2021) Vefa KURBAN Oğuzhan ERGÜN 210 In this study, the cemre1 that fell to the Trans-Caucasus on September 27, 2020 with the first martyr, and new realities are discussed. Following the triumph, how are the balances going to be formed? Or if they are not formed, is a period of conflict going to begin for third countries? What sort of climate change is Aliyev's New Reality going to involve in military, political, economic and cultural terms? The article t","PeriodicalId":40948,"journal":{"name":"Tarih Incelemeleri Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Development of the Transit Trade of Iran in The Triangle of Russia, Ottoman Empire and Iran In The Second Half Of The 19th Century","authors":"M. Çetin","doi":"10.18513/egetid.974591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.974591","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40948,"journal":{"name":"Tarih Incelemeleri Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48208068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Tonkin (Vietnam)’Daki Le-Trinh Döneminde Diarşi Sistemi Üzerine Bir İnceleme (17.-18. Asırlarda)","authors":"V. Lu","doi":"10.18513/egetid.974615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.974615","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40948,"journal":{"name":"Tarih Incelemeleri Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ortacag toplumunda yasam tarzinin geregi olarak gecimini saglamak, eglenmek, spor yapmak veya savaslar icin hazirlikli olmak gibi sebeplerden dolayi avcilik ilgi gormustur. Siradan insanlar icin gecim kaynagi olan av ve avcilik hukumdarlar ve ileri gelen devlet adamlari icin de hobiye donusmustur. Bu sebepten Emevi halifesi Yezid b. Muaviye’den itibaren, avlanmak icin cesitli av hayvanlarinin toplandigi ve bu hayvanlarin ihtiyaclarini karsilamak icin de gorevlilerin tayin edildigi gorulmektedir. Bunlarin yani sira yoneticilerin eglence maksadiyla bazi hayvanlari sarayda yetistirdikleri ve bazen de ozel alanlarda yaristirdiklari olmustur. Ozellikle de sarayda yetistirilen ve zaman zaman at yarislarinda dahi kullanilan Yezid b. Muâviye’nin Ebu Kays adli maymunu dikkate deger bir ornek olarak karsimiza cikmaktadir. Nitekim avlanma ve eglenme amaciyla kullanilan bu hayvanlar icin hukumdarlar veya ileri gelen yoneticiler ozel yapilar bina etmislerdir. Bu calismada Ortacag Musluman devletlerinde hukumdarlara ve ust duzey yoneticilere ait olan hayvanat bahceleri seklinde insa edilen yapilara dair bazi ornekler sunulmustur.
{"title":"Ortaçağ Müslüman Devletlerinde Hayvanat Bahçeleri","authors":"Ömer Tokuş","doi":"10.18513/egetid.974631","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18513/egetid.974631","url":null,"abstract":"Ortacag toplumunda yasam tarzinin geregi olarak gecimini saglamak, eglenmek, spor yapmak veya savaslar icin hazirlikli olmak gibi sebeplerden dolayi avcilik ilgi gormustur. Siradan insanlar icin gecim kaynagi olan av ve avcilik hukumdarlar ve ileri gelen devlet adamlari icin de hobiye donusmustur. Bu sebepten Emevi halifesi Yezid b. Muaviye’den itibaren, avlanmak icin cesitli av hayvanlarinin toplandigi ve bu hayvanlarin ihtiyaclarini karsilamak icin de gorevlilerin tayin edildigi gorulmektedir. Bunlarin yani sira yoneticilerin eglence maksadiyla bazi hayvanlari sarayda yetistirdikleri ve bazen de ozel alanlarda yaristirdiklari olmustur. Ozellikle de sarayda yetistirilen ve zaman zaman at yarislarinda dahi kullanilan Yezid b. Muâviye’nin Ebu Kays adli maymunu dikkate deger bir ornek olarak karsimiza cikmaktadir. Nitekim avlanma ve eglenme amaciyla kullanilan bu hayvanlar icin hukumdarlar veya ileri gelen yoneticiler ozel yapilar bina etmislerdir. Bu calismada Ortacag Musluman devletlerinde hukumdarlara ve ust duzey yoneticilere ait olan hayvanat bahceleri seklinde insa edilen yapilara dair bazi ornekler sunulmustur.","PeriodicalId":40948,"journal":{"name":"Tarih Incelemeleri Dergisi","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2021-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68186646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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