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Methodology for calculating the complexity and cost of creating 3d bodies with laser scanning during the implementation of the dt-bin project 在dt-bin项目实施期间,计算用激光扫描创建3d体的复杂性和成本的方法
IF 0.2 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.29039/2308-0191-2022-11-1-22-22
S. Evtushenko, M. Fetter
The article presents the interim results of the work on creating a model for calculating the cost and labor costs for the implementation of the project using information modeling and laser scanning (DT-BIM) technologies. In the course of the work, the task of creating blocks of an information model was formalized, the concept of a 3D block was introduced, methods of creating geometry in Autodesk Revit software were classified, a scale for assessing the complexity of modeling typical 3D blocks of various details was created, allowing to standardize the calculation of labor costs for the implementation of DT-BIM projects in conventional units.
本文介绍了使用信息建模和激光扫描(DT-BIM)技术创建用于计算项目实施成本和人工成本的模型的中期结果。在工作过程中,对创建信息模型块的任务进行了形式化,介绍了3D块的概念,对在Autodesk Revit软件中创建几何图形的方法进行了分类,创建了一个评估各种细节的典型3D块建模复杂性的尺度,从而标准化了传统单元中实施DT-BIM项目的人工成本计算。
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引用次数: 0
Features of reducing industrial injuries in russia and abroad 俄罗斯与国外减少工伤的特点
IF 0.2 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.29039/2308-0191-2022-11-1-25-25
E. Degaev, R. Korol, A. Plotnikov
The main legislative requirements for labor protection in different countries are considered. The rules for ensuring labor safety in Russia, Germany, Italy and Japan have a common basis and are generally similar, however, they have some features, such as the mandatory presence of medical aid rooms and emergency rescue teams in the structure of enterprises. The dynamics of the decline in injury rates in Russia is positive, but several times lower than in the countries under consideration. Differences in the weight of fines for violations of legal requirements in the field of labor protection in Russia, Germany and Italy are comparable to the level of their discrepancy in terms of occupational injuries. In order to increase the rate of reduction of occupational injuries, it is recommended to introduce mandatory medical supervision at enterprises and to tighten penalties by an order of magnitude for violations of the requirements of labor legislation on labor protection.
考虑了不同国家对劳动保护的主要立法要求。俄罗斯、德国、意大利和日本的劳动安全保障规则具有共同的基础,总体上相似,但也有一些特点,例如在企业结构中强制设置医疗救护室和应急救援队。俄罗斯受伤率下降的动态是积极的,但比考虑中的国家低几倍。在俄罗斯、德国和意大利,违反劳动保护领域法律规定的罚款权重的差异与它们在职业伤害方面的差异程度相当。为了提高职业伤害减减率,建议对企业实行强制性医疗监督,并对违反劳动立法关于劳动保护的要求的行为加大一个数量级的处罚力度。
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引用次数: 0
BIM-technologies in solving the problems of construction waste management bim技术在解决建筑垃圾管理问题中的应用
IF 0.2 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.29039/2308-0191-2022-11-1-6-6
S. Shilkina
. During the process of new construction and demolition of old buildings, a huge amount of waste is generated. In some regions, the construction industry is responsible for more than half of the solid waste generated. From a technical point of view, it is impossible to completely eliminate construction waste, but it must be managed to minimize the negative impact on the environment. The goal of all participants in the project work program should not only be to complete the construction of the building as soon as possible, but also to comply with environmental requirements. In developed countries, for several decades, the rules for handling such waste have been introduced at the legislative level, and they are constantly being improved. At the state level, laws are passed regarding the recycling and reuse of building materials in order to reduce waste. Scientists are also developing waste management strategies and models for construction and demolition. As a result, up to 90% of such waste "gets a second life", i.e. reused in the manufacturing process. In Russia, this problem has not yet been given enough attention, which is why no more than 30% of construction waste is reused. This article analyzes the causes of waste generation in the construction sector, highlights their main categories. To solve the problem, recommendations are proposed on some promising areas for the development of the construction industry. The need to amend the legal framework governing the process of construction and demolition (C&D) was noted. As an innovative vector of development, the potential of building information modeling (BIM) technology for managing the design and construction of buildings, including waste management, is being explored. It is noted that BIM allows you to effectively manage construction and demolition waste, avoiding problems at all stages of the building life cycle. As a result of the study, recommendations were developed for the implementation of specific measures for the construction waste management strategy using BIM.
. 在新建和拆除旧建筑的过程中,产生了大量的垃圾。在一些地区,建筑行业产生的固体废物占总排放量的一半以上。从技术角度来看,完全消除建筑垃圾是不可能的,但必须加以管理,以尽量减少对环境的负面影响。项目工作计划的所有参与者的目标不仅应该是尽快完成建筑物的建设,而且应该符合环境要求。在发达国家,几十年来已经在立法一级提出了处理这类废物的规则,并且这些规则正在不断得到改进。在州一级,通过了关于建筑材料回收和再利用的法律,以减少浪费。科学家们还在为建筑和拆除开发废物管理策略和模型。因此,高达90%的此类废物“获得了第二次生命”,即在制造过程中重新使用。在俄罗斯,这个问题还没有得到足够的重视,这就是为什么不超过30%的建筑垃圾被再利用的原因。本文分析了建筑行业产生垃圾的原因,突出了其主要类别。为解决这一问题,本文对建筑业发展的一些前景提出了建议。有人指出,有必要修订规管建造和拆除过程的法律框架。作为一种创新的发展载体,建筑信息模型(BIM)技术在管理建筑的设计和建造,包括废物管理方面的潜力正在被探索。值得注意的是,BIM允许您有效地管理建筑和拆除废物,避免在建筑生命周期的各个阶段出现问题。根据研究结果,我们制定了建议,以实施使用BIM的建筑废物管理策略的具体措施。
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引用次数: 1
Methodological approaches to determining labor costs in the design of construction projects 在建筑项目设计中确定劳动力成本的方法方法
IF 0.2 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.29039/2308-0191-2022-11-1-4-4
E. Korol, Galina Akopyan
The life cycle of buildings includes the labor costs of all categories of management and construction personnel involved in construction from the beginning of preparatory work to the commissioning of the facility. Additionally included here are the costs of developing project documentation. Qualitatively developed project documentation leads to a positive result of construction activity. The price of design works is determined based on the following costs: personnel labor costs, insurance payments, expenses for all types of repairs, material costs, maintenance of buildings and/or rent, taxes and fees. A competent assessment of labor costs and their systematization will help to identify promising segments of labor cost optimization that most significantly affect the reduction of total labor costs.
建筑物的生命周期包括从开始的准备工作到设施的调试,施工中涉及的各类管理和施工人员的人工成本。这里还包括开发项目文档的成本。定性开发的项目文件导致施工活动的积极结果。设计作品的价格是根据以下成本确定的:人员人工费、保险费、各种维修费用、材料费用、建筑物维护和/或租金、税费。对劳动力成本的有效评估及其系统化将有助于确定有希望的劳动力成本优化环节,这些环节对降低总劳动力成本影响最大。
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引用次数: 0
Justification of optimization of architectural and planning, structural, technological and material science solutions of capital construction projects 基本建设项目的建筑和规划、结构、技术和材料科学解决方案的优化论证
IF 0.2 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.29039/2308-0191-2022-11-1-11-11
I.A. Sinyanskiy, A. Koshkin, I. Leonenko, Zhanna Govorova, Ul'yana Kanivec
The article provides a justification for the optimization of architectural planning, structural, technological and materials science solutions of capital construction projects. The analysis of modern ideas about the relationship of architectural, space-planning, structural, technological and materials science solutions in the field of capital construction is carried out. The composite theory of building materials with directed micro- and macrostructure is analyzed. The models of composition-structure-technology-properties interdependencies based on the polystructural theory and the technology of separate layer-by-layer molding of stereoregular macrostructure products are proposed.
本文为基本建设项目的建筑规划、结构、工艺和材料科学方案的优化提供了依据。分析了基本建设领域的建筑、空间规划、结构、技术和材料科学解决方案之间关系的现代观念。分析了具有定向微观和宏观结构的建筑材料的复合理论。提出了基于多结构理论的组合-结构-技术-性能相互依赖模型和立体规整宏观结构产品分层分离成型技术。
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引用次数: 0
Information modeling of high-voltage substations buildings 高压变电站建筑信息建模
IF 0.2 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.29039/2308-0191-2022-11-1-14-14
Regina Akhmadieva, E. Ignatova
The article discusses the advantages of the joint use of information modeling technology and modular construction technology. The object of research is the design of high-voltage substations buildings. The subject of the research is the application of information modeling technologies and block-modular construction in the design of high-voltage substations buildings. The design features of block-modular buildings for high-voltage substations are considered and the features of their design with the use of reuse projects are considered. It is noted that in the process of information modeling it is possible to use catalogs and libraries of digital information models of standard structures, as well as elements of electrical equipment. It is proposed to evaluate the quality of the digital information model in accordance with the requirements of state expertise. A scheme for checking the quality of the model in the software Renga using the IFC format is presented. It is concluded that the joint use of information modeling technologies and modular construction technologies increases the efficiency of these technologies.
文章论述了信息建模技术与模块化施工技术联合使用的优势。本文的研究对象是高压变电站的建筑设计。本课题的研究主题是信息建模技术和块模块化结构在高压变电站建筑设计中的应用。分析了高压变电所分块模块化建筑的设计特点,并考虑了分块模块化建筑的设计特点和再利用工程的利用。值得注意的是,在信息建模过程中,可以使用标准结构的数字信息模型的目录和库,以及电气设备的元件。根据国家专业知识的要求,对数字信息模型的质量进行评价。提出了一种在Renga软件中使用IFC格式检查模型质量的方案。研究结果表明,信息建模技术和模块化施工技术的结合使用提高了这些技术的效率。
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引用次数: 0
Verification of labor protection requirements during the construction and repair of the roof 屋顶施工和维修过程中劳动保护要求的验证
IF 0.2 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.29039/2308-0191-2022-11-1-24-24
Yu. O. Bakrunov, S. Korol'
In the field of scientific and technical activities, one of the priority tasks in construction and housing and communal services is to improve occupational safety in order to reduce occupational risks. Work on the installation of roofing is attributed to work at high altitude, which means a high level of danger. The emergence of new building materials, technological methods of manufacturing structures, methods of performing repair and construction work leads to the need for constant updating of the regulatory framework of construction. Within the framework of this study, a set of regulatory documents is considered, considering construction and repair and construction roofing works of construction objects. The purpose of the work is to analyze the regulatory framework at this stage, as well as to identify a list of regulatory documents that require adjustments and additions for roofing repair work.
在科学和技术活动领域,建筑、住房和公共服务方面的优先任务之一是改善职业安全,以减少职业风险。安装屋顶的工作属于高空工作,这意味着高度危险。新的建筑材料、制造结构的技术方法、进行维修和施工工作的方法的出现,导致需要不断更新建筑的监管框架。在本研究的框架内,考虑了一套规范性文件,考虑了建筑对象的施工和维修以及施工屋面工程。这项工作的目的是分析现阶段的规管架构,并确定需要调整和补充屋顶维修工作的规管文件清单。
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引用次数: 0
Special assessment of working conditions for winter maintenance of roads and sideways 特别评估冬季养护道路和侧边的工作条件
IF 0.2 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.29039/2308-0191-2022-11-1-26-26
E. Degaev, A. Volodina, O. Makarov, M. Lunyakov
When processing roads and sidewalks, safety and labor protection requirements are often violated. There is a constant excess of the concentration of anti-icing reagents (AGR), the components of which at maximum concentrations adversely affect the human body. In particular, blood parameters, as well as the most important organs, such as the liver and kidneys, are affected. The concentration of AGR per unit area determines the intensity of the harmful effects of substances on the human body. The penetration of harmful substances into the human body occurs by airborne droplets or skin-resorptive action and depends on the method of distribution of AGR and the level of mechanization. The probabilities of the occurrence of a dangerous event when working with AGR, its severity and risk level are determined. Recommendations are given for employees involved in the treatment of residential and public areas with anti-icing materials.
在处理道路和人行道时,经常违反安全和劳动保护要求。防冰剂(AGR)的浓度持续过剩,其成分在最高浓度时对人体产生不利影响。特别是,血液参数,以及最重要的器官,如肝脏和肾脏,受到影响。单位面积AGR的浓度决定了物质对人体有害影响的强度。有害物质通过空气飞沫或皮肤吸收作用渗入人体,并取决于AGR的分布方法和机械化水平。在使用AGR时,确定危险事件发生的概率,其严重性和风险级别。对参与使用防冰材料处理住宅和公共区域的员工提出了建议。
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引用次数: 1
Processing of expertise comments using the Common Data Environment 使用公共数据环境处理专家意见
IF 0.2 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.29039/2308-0191-2022-11-1-10-10
M. Zheleznov, S. Kazakov
The productivity of the construction industry has declined in recent decades compared to the manufacturing industry, which doubled its productivity over the same period. The advantages of automation in the manufacturing industry may be the reason for high labor productivity. Moreover, automation has recorded a steady reduction in labor costs and an increase in labor productivity, as well as reducing routine tasks and manual labor. These huge advantages have led to the emergence of research into the application of automation of construction processes. In parallel with this, there is a need to automate processes that are vital to ensure the rapid creation of high-quality housing infrastructure. As part of the implementation of state programs for the transition to the digital economy, including in the construction industry, the tasks of implementing information modeling technology at all stages of the building life cycle are becoming urgent. Given the large amounts of data and high requirements for the accuracy of information models, the processes of automating the processing of source data and the formation of a shared data environment come to the fore. The main purpose of the study is to analyze the existing business process of processing expert comments to form its map and modeling the process based on it using CDE.
近几十年来,建筑业的生产率与同期翻了一番的制造业相比有所下降。制造业自动化的优势可能是劳动生产率高的原因。此外,自动化记录了劳动力成本的稳步下降和劳动生产率的提高,以及减少日常任务和体力劳动。这些巨大的优势导致了建筑过程自动化应用研究的出现。与此同时,还需要自动化流程,这对于确保快速建立高质量的住房基础设施至关重要。作为向数字经济过渡的国家计划的一部分,包括在建筑行业,在建筑生命周期的各个阶段实施信息建模技术的任务变得紧迫。由于数据量大,对信息模型的准确性要求高,因此对源数据进行自动化处理和形成共享数据环境的过程就出现了。本研究的主要目的是分析现有的处理专家意见的业务流程,并在此基础上利用CDE对其进行建模。
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引用次数: 0
Using detrending methods for intelligent processing of construction process monitoring data 应用趋势分析方法对施工过程监测数据进行智能处理
IF 0.2 Q4 CONSTRUCTION & BUILDING TECHNOLOGY Pub Date : 2023-03-24 DOI: 10.29039/2308-0191-2022-11-1-12-12
P. Kagan, D. Parshin
Data processing of monitoring systems of various processes at the stage of construction and operation of buildings requires the development of special tools that belong to the field of artificial intelligence. The trend removal method is one of the ways to preprocess data collected from various sensors and IoT devices that monitor the state of buildings, structures and soil masses during construction and operation. This article analyzes how different approaches to detrending time series affect the performance and accuracy of algorithms for CI computational intelligence models. The analysis compares three approaches: linear detrending, non-linear detrending, and first-order differentiation. Five representative methods are used as CI models: DENFIS dynamic evolving fuzzy neural network, GP Gaussian process, MLP multilayer perceptron, OP-ELM optimally trimmed extremal learning machine, and SVM support vector machine. There are three main conclusions from the experiments performed on the four datasets: 1) detrending does not improve overall performance, 2) the empirical mode decomposition method provides better performance than linear detrending, and 3) first-order differentiation in some cases can be effective and in some cases counterproductive for series with common patterns.
建筑施工和运行阶段各过程监控系统的数据处理需要开发属于人工智能领域的专用工具。趋势去除方法是对各种传感器和物联网设备收集的数据进行预处理的方法之一,这些传感器和物联网设备在施工和运营过程中监测建筑物、结构和土体的状态。本文分析了不同的时间序列去趋势方法如何影响CI计算智能模型算法的性能和准确性。分析比较了三种方法:线性去趋势、非线性去趋势和一阶微分。采用DENFIS动态演化模糊神经网络、GP高斯过程、MLP多层感知器、OP-ELM最优裁剪极值学习机、SVM支持向量机等5种代表性方法作为CI模型。在四个数据集上进行的实验得出了三个主要结论:1)去趋势并不能提高整体性能;2)经验模式分解方法比线性去趋势提供更好的性能;3)一阶微分在某些情况下是有效的,在某些情况下对具有共同模式的序列是适得其反的。
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引用次数: 1
期刊
Russian Journal of Building Construction and Architecture
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