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Clausal and phrasal complexity in research articles published in well-established and predatory journals 在成熟和掠夺性期刊上发表的研究文章中的从句和短语复杂性
Pub Date : 2023-03-16 DOI: 10.47862/apples.120753
Ying Wang, J. Soler
Predatory publishing has attracted much scholarly attention recently, but little is known about the actual material published in predatory journals. In this paper, we address this gap focusing on syntactic complexity. Using both traditional syntactic complexity measures and more fine-grained indices of phrasal and clausal complexity, the study explores the similarities and differences between two corpora consisting of 220 research articles drawn from two comparable journals in the discipline of Political Science, one purportedly predatory and one top-ranking. The results show that the articles look similar in many respects (e.g., mean length of sentences/T-units, number of T-units per sentence). Differences are found in more fine-grained indices such as clausal complements, adverbial clauses, and noun phrases with noun premodifiers, which are associated with discipline-specific rhetorical and ideational functions. The study demonstrates the potential of linguistic analyses in contributing to our understanding of predatory publishing as a complex phenomenon. 
掠夺性出版最近引起了学术界的广泛关注,但人们对掠夺性期刊上发表的实际材料知之甚少。在本文中,我们着重于语法复杂性来解决这一差距。使用传统的句法复杂性测量和更细粒度的短语和小句复杂性指数,该研究探讨了两个语料库之间的异同,该语料库由220篇研究论文组成,这些文章来自政治学学科的两份可比期刊,其中一份据称是掠夺性的,另一份是顶级的。结果表明,文章在许多方面看起来相似(例如,句子的平均长度/ t -单位,每个句子的t -单位数量)。在更细粒度的索引中发现了差异,例如小句补语、状语从句和带有名词前修饰语的名词短语,它们与特定学科的修辞和概念功能有关。这项研究展示了语言分析的潜力,有助于我们理解掠夺性出版是一种复杂的现象。
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引用次数: 0
Positive stances toward cultural and linguistic diversity in Finnish schools after educational reforms 教育改革后芬兰学校对文化和语言多样性的积极态度
Pub Date : 2023-01-25 DOI: 10.47862/apples.112305
Jenni Alisaari, Riia Kivimäki, E. Repo, Niina Kekki, Salla Sissonen, Susanna Kivipelto
This study examined students’ (N = 659) and teachers’ (N = 74) stances toward linguistic and cultural diversity in Finland after national educational policy reforms. The students’ and teachers’ stances were positive, and the students felt appreciated at school; however, differences were found based on the gender, age, and first language of the students and between teacher groups. Positive stances toward languages and language use seemed to decrease with age, and older students and students with other L1 than Finnish had a lower sense of belonging. Targeted attention should be paid to further increasing culturally sustaining and linguistically responsive school cultures. 
本研究调查了芬兰国家教育政策改革后学生(N = 659)和教师(N = 74)对语言和文化多样性的态度。学生和老师的立场是积极的,学生在学校感到被欣赏;然而,根据学生的性别、年龄和母语以及教师群体之间的差异,发现了差异。对语言和语言使用的积极态度似乎随着年龄的增长而减少,年龄较大的学生和母语非芬兰语的学生的归属感较低。应有针对性地注意进一步增加文化上的持续性和对语言作出反应的学校文化。
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引用次数: 0
Translingual and translocal perspectives on writing 跨语言和跨地域的写作视角
Pub Date : 2022-12-20 DOI: 10.47862/apples.125591
Maria Kuteeva, Taina Saarinen
This special issue has been inspired by presentations and discussions which took place during the first workshop of our  NOS-HS research network ‘The Politics and Ideologies of Multilingual Writing’ (Stockholm University, 27-28 May 2021). In this issue, we explore translingual and translocal perspectives, zooming in on various aspects of writing, from its legitimacy to its localities. Our focus is on writing for publication by authors with multilingual repertoires and/or working in multilingual settings. Unlike previous research, which focused on academic, journalistic, and creative writing as separate domains, we aim to bring together researchers working in different subfields of linguistics, literary studies, and education, giving ways to new understandings of translingual and translocal dimensions in our writing. 
本期特刊的灵感来自于我们NOS-HS研究网络“多语言写作的政治和意识形态”(斯德哥尔摩大学,2021年5月27日至28日)第一次研讨会期间的演讲和讨论。在本期中,我们探讨了跨语言和跨地域的视角,从写作的合法性到地方,放大了写作的各个方面。我们的重点是为拥有多语言库和/或在多语言环境中工作的作者撰写出版物。与以往的研究不同,我们将学术、新闻和创意写作作为独立的领域,我们的目标是将语言学、文学研究和教育等不同子领域的研究人员聚集在一起,为我们写作中的跨语言和跨地域维度提供新的理解。
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引用次数: 1
limits of translingualism 翻译主义的局限性
Pub Date : 2022-12-14 DOI: 10.47862/apples.114738
A. Hultgren, J. Molinari
Academic publishing has undergone profound changes in recent years with ever-increasing inequalities between different groups of scholars (Global South vs Global North; Junior vs Established; Male vs Female, etc.). To counter some of this imbalance, recent theoretical developments in Socio- and Applied Linguistics have turned to translingual writing – here understood broadly as communicative innovations aimed at diversifying the academic register and moving away from the sole use of standard English. While recognizing translingual writing as a powerful and important subversion strategy, in this paper, we join others calling for mobilizing sociological theories that pay attention to structure as well as agency. We suggest that despite its many merits, translingual writing is ill-equipped to overturn the wealth, might and power of the current global academic publishing regime, which works inherently to maintain the status quo and to curb creative innovation. We conclude by advocating complementary forms of resistance to challenge and disrupt entrenched systemic inequalities.
近年来,学术出版经历了深刻的变化,不同学者群体之间的不平等日益加剧(全球南方vs全球北方;初级vs老牌;男性vs女性,等等)。为了应对这种不平衡,最近社会语言学和应用语言学的理论发展转向了翻译写作——在这里,翻译写作被广泛理解为旨在使学术范围多样化和摆脱标准英语的单一使用的交际创新。在认识到翻译写作是一种强大而重要的颠覆策略的同时,我们在本文中与其他人一起呼吁动员既关注结构又关注代理的社会学理论。我们认为,尽管翻译写作有许多优点,但它不足以颠覆当前全球学术出版制度的财富、力量和权力,这种制度本质上是为了维持现状,遏制创造性创新。最后,我们提倡互补形式的抵抗挑战和破坏根深蒂固的系统性不平等。
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引用次数: 1
Translanguaging and place-making in writing for publication 为出版而进行的文字翻译和排版
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.47862/apples.114656
K. Kaufhold, Rosie Dymond
In this piece, we consider what the concepts of translocality as place-making and translanguaging can add to an understanding of current academic and creative writing. Our quest is informed by sociolinguistic theory and literary studies. We take up Hultgren’s (2020) call for interdisciplinarity in research on multilingual writing for publication and contribute to current debates that question dominant ways of knowledge production. By means of creative conversations between the authors, a sociolinguist in Stockholm, Sweden and a scholar of literature in Bangor, North Wales, we explore how academic and creative writing practices may be enriched by drawing on a broader range of writers’ linguistic repertoires. In contrast to previous research that focused on translocality in terms of writers’ mobility and networking, we pay attention to translocality as a process of place-making in writing. Drawing on narrative methods, we present four instances of condensed and partly fictionalized dialogue informed by our own lived experience. The creative form reveals various layers of translocal and translingual writing practices. Translanguaging is intricately connected to place-making and the evocation of communities in both fictional and academic texts. While limited by “regimes of comprehensibility” (Bodin, Helgesson & Huss, 2020), it carries potential for learning and for political activism. Ultimately, our insights and our writing experiment aim to question what counts as a legitimate text and to suggest alternative ways of meaning-making in academic and creative writing practices.
在这篇文章中,我们考虑了跨地域的概念,如场所制造和跨语言,可以增加对当前学术和创意写作的理解。我们的探索以社会语言学理论和文学研究为依据。我们采纳了Hultgren(2020)关于多语言出版写作跨学科研究的呼吁,并为当前质疑主流知识生产方式的辩论做出贡献。通过瑞典斯德哥尔摩的社会语言学家和北威尔士班戈的文学学者之间的创造性对话,我们探索了如何通过借鉴更广泛的作家的语言库来丰富学术和创造性写作实践。以往的研究侧重于作者的移动性和网络方面的跨地域研究,而我们关注的是跨地域作为写作中的一个场所制造过程。借助叙事方法,我们呈现了四个浓缩的、部分虚构的对话实例,这些对话都来自我们自己的生活经历。创作形式揭示了跨地域和跨语言写作实践的各个层面。在小说和学术文本中,译语与场所创造和社区唤起有着错综复杂的联系。虽然受到“可理解性制度”(Bodin, Helgesson & Huss, 2020)的限制,但它具有学习和政治激进主义的潜力。最终,我们的见解和我们的写作实验旨在质疑什么是合法的文本,并建议在学术和创造性写作实践中产生意义的替代方法。
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引用次数: 0
What is a language error? 什么是语言错误?
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.47862/apples.114746
M. Khachaturyan, Maria Kuteeva, Svetlana Vetchinnikova, G. Norrman, D. Leontjev
Why are we so afraid of making mistakes? Students in language classes, speakers of non-standard varieties, professionals working abroad – we all share the anxiety of dropping the ball. But where does this anxiety come from? Why do we perceive certain linguistic features as errors in the first place? Is there any inherent faultiness in such features, or is a language error arbitrary? And if it is arbitrary, are errors less real? In this discussion, Maria Khachaturyan, Maria Kuteeva and Svetlana Vetchinnikova zoom in on the social life of variation in language and its uneasy relationship with our normative ideas. After that, Gunnar Norrman and Dmitri Leontjev give their comments. The discussion closes with replies by the first three authors. 
为什么我们如此害怕犯错?语言班的学生、讲不标准语言的人、在国外工作的专业人士——我们都有犯错误的焦虑。但这种焦虑从何而来?为什么我们一开始就把某些语言特征视为错误?这些特征是否存在固有的缺陷,还是语言错误是任意的?如果它是任意的,那么错误就不那么真实了吗?在这次讨论中,Maria Khachaturyan、Maria Kuteeva和Svetlana Vetchinnikova聚焦于语言变异的社会生活及其与我们规范观念的不安关系。之后,Gunnar Norrman和Dmitri Leontjev给出了他们的评论。讨论以前三位作者的回答结束。
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引用次数: 0
‘Nordhavn offings’: Writing with/in (three) languages [haibun] “北港作品”:用(三)种语言写作[haibun]
Pub Date : 2022-12-12 DOI: 10.47862/apples.114739
E. Wójcik‐Leese
Navigating between terse prose passages and the intense poetic images of the haibun, I use this hybrid form, which itself transcends cultural and generic boundaries, to reflect on my creative practice as an academic author, literary translator, research-based poet and writing tutor. Translanguaging, transreading and transwriting are akin to feeling at sea not because of the proverbial loss of direction, but because the visible sea at a distance offers safety from inshore dangers. Such offings become translocal waters of playful experiments which may assist public and private cartographies
在简洁的散文段落和海髻的强烈诗意意象之间穿梭,我用这种超越文化和一般界限的混合形式来反思我作为学术作家、文学翻译家、研究型诗人和写作导师的创作实践。译语、译读和改写类似于在海上的感觉,不是因为众所周知的迷失方向,而是因为远处可见的大海提供了远离海岸危险的安全。这样的水域成为跨地区的有趣的实验水域,可以帮助公共和私人制图
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引用次数: 0
Skill, dwelling, and the education of attention 技巧,居住和注意力的教育
Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.47862/apples.114663
L. Salö, G. Norrman
This paper endeavours to take stock of academic writing not merely as an activity that precedes publishing but as an art and a craft in its own right. We also draw attention to some of the conditions that affect writing in academia today, notably second language userhood in the production of text. In order to do that, we invoke the reasoning of British social anthropologist Tim Ingold, particularly his perspective on dwelling, skill, and the education of attention. From this emerges a view of academic writing as a practice founded in skill, developed through the dweller’s practical involvement with his or her everyday tasks and influenced by different constraints. Because no one is born a skilled writer, attentive dwelling lies at the core of the writer’s education of attention as a situated mode of perceptual engagement with the environments in which he or she dwells, be it through reading, co-authorship or textual response.
本文试图对学术写作进行评估,不仅将其作为出版之前的一项活动,而且将其作为一门艺术和一门手艺。我们还提请注意影响当今学术界写作的一些条件,特别是在文本生产中使用第二语言。为了做到这一点,我们引用了英国社会人类学家蒂姆·英戈尔德的推理,特别是他对居住、技能和注意力教育的看法。由此产生了一种观点,认为学术写作是一种建立在技能基础上的实践,是通过居住者实际参与他或她的日常任务而发展起来的,并受到不同约束的影响。因为没有人天生就是一个熟练的作家,专注的居住是作家注意力教育的核心,作为一种与他或她所居住的环境进行感知参与的情境模式,无论是通过阅读,合作创作还是文本回应。
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引用次数: 0
To the word-woods and back 去森林,再回来
Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.47862/apples.114788
Adnan Mahmutović
The specific character of “multilingualism” in this auto-analysis is defined by an oscillation between “no-lingualism” and multilingual movements of a transnational writer. I argue that my own writing in English does not merely stem from the fact of my knowing and working in different languages – English, Swedish and Bosnian – but also from specific geographical locations that in themselves contain certain multilingual and translingual movements and histories of languages and national literatures (including Russian, Arabic, and Turkish). Beyond the obvious features like code-switching, which are visually most conspicuous and therefore typically used as indicators of multilingual writing, the intent is to show how historical movements and places shape the main language of my writing (English), as well the style, rhythms, character, and structures. The general core of creativity is proposed to lie more in the continuous osmosis than the deliberate hybridizing of languages and literatures.
在这种自动分析中,“多语言主义”的具体特征是由跨国作家的“无语言主义”和“多语言运动”之间的振荡所定义的。我认为,我自己的英语写作不仅源于我对不同语言(英语、瑞典语和波斯尼亚语)的了解和工作,而且还源于特定的地理位置,这些地理位置本身包含某些多语言和跨语言运动,以及语言和民族文学的历史(包括俄语、阿拉伯语和土耳其语)。除了代码转换等明显的特征(这些特征在视觉上是最明显的,因此通常被用作多语言写作的指标)之外,我的目的是展示历史运动和地点如何塑造我的写作(英语)的主要语言,以及风格、节奏、特征和结构。创造性的核心在于语言和文学的不断渗透,而不是刻意的混杂。
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引用次数: 0
Assemblages of language, impact and research 语言、影响和研究的集合
Pub Date : 2022-12-05 DOI: 10.47862/apples.114943
Johanna Ennser-Kananen, Adrienn Károly, Taina Saarinen
Three scholars—of languages and knowledges, of translation and writing, and of higher education—discuss societal impact as a higher education policy goal and the language ideologies that link with that discussion. We first criticize the problematic notion of impact that is common in higher education policy and discuss language and impact in terms of their assumed predictable, definable, and linear nature. From there, we move on to advocate for a multimodal, multidirectional, locally, and globally relevant impact that is focused on direct engagement, participatory approaches, support for promoting community activities, and introducing more epistemologically just understandings of the relationship between the researcher and the community they work with. Eventually, this requires us academics to be accountable to our environment and to abandon the binaries between researcher–researched, subject–object, and human–non-human. 
三位研究语言和知识、翻译和写作以及高等教育的学者讨论了作为高等教育政策目标的社会影响,以及与此讨论相关的语言意识形态。我们首先批评了高等教育政策中常见的有问题的影响概念,并从假设的可预测、可定义和线性性质的角度讨论了语言和影响。从那里,我们继续倡导多模式,多方位,本地和全球相关的影响,其重点是直接参与,参与式方法,支持促进社区活动,并引入更多的认识论上正确理解研究人员与他们合作的社区之间的关系。最终,这要求我们这些学者对我们的环境负责,摒弃研究者-被研究、主体-客体和人类-非人类之间的二元对立。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Apples - Journal of Applied Language Studies
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