The emergence of variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is certainly a serious threat to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. After its irruption, some variants disappear or are irrelevant and others persist and are concerning because of its potential health repercussions and the immune response of vaccines that are being administered with great effort. One of the reasons why the SARS-CoV-2 virus is generating variants and will continue to do so is because a relatively few people in the world are immune and protected. The virus replicating is communicating to us that it is going to exhibit a lot of changes. Acquiring the infection involves risks of serious illness and death, so immunization is more logical, convincing and indispensable. It is also a better recourse for slowing viral replication, since infection offers viruses the opportunity to improve their performance. In addition, since multiple treatments, including antibody-based treatments, are often administered in severe infections, the surviving escape variants may be more resistant to these therapies effective against earlier versions of the virus. Two contenders (the surviving virus and the immune system) will be confronted with each other in an attempt to win, with the virus utilizing new weapons and subterfuges in a race that will lead to an evolutionary deadlock. A rising concern is whether available vaccines and those under investigation have a reduced or inadequate level of protection against emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the variants of concern with changes in the spike protein. Despite these ongoing threats, at this time the general preventive measures and protection offered by the available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are already a fundamental resource in the fight against COVID-19 and its variants, and a very hopeful measure for the immediate future. In the current situation, people should be aware of and learn to live with the virus variants and how to optimize its prevention and control.
{"title":"The Conflict between Emerging SARS-Cov-2 Variants and the Potential Immune Response with Vaccination","authors":"A. F.","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000148","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000148","url":null,"abstract":"The emergence of variants of the SARS-CoV-2 virus is certainly a serious threat to controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. After its irruption, some variants disappear or are irrelevant and others persist and are concerning because of its potential health repercussions and the immune response of vaccines that are being administered with great effort. One of the reasons why the SARS-CoV-2 virus is generating variants and will continue to do so is because a relatively few people in the world are immune and protected. The virus replicating is communicating to us that it is going to exhibit a lot of changes. Acquiring the infection involves risks of serious illness and death, so immunization is more logical, convincing and indispensable. It is also a better recourse for slowing viral replication, since infection offers viruses the opportunity to improve their performance. In addition, since multiple treatments, including antibody-based treatments, are often administered in severe infections, the surviving escape variants may be more resistant to these therapies effective against earlier versions of the virus. Two contenders (the surviving virus and the immune system) will be confronted with each other in an attempt to win, with the virus utilizing new weapons and subterfuges in a race that will lead to an evolutionary deadlock. A rising concern is whether available vaccines and those under investigation have a reduced or inadequate level of protection against emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2, particularly the variants of concern with changes in the spike protein. Despite these ongoing threats, at this time the general preventive measures and protection offered by the available SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are already a fundamental resource in the fight against COVID-19 and its variants, and a very hopeful measure for the immediate future. In the current situation, people should be aware of and learn to live with the virus variants and how to optimize its prevention and control.","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122512548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is important to evaluate natural immunity against Covid-19: it is stronger, longer lasting and of better quality than vaccine immunity only humoral (antibody) or cellular adaptive immunity can be assessed; innate immunity is not measurable. Serology is the only routine test, it is the measurement of the antibody level. The measurement of the antibody level leads to an underestimation of the seroprevalence which is already high and above 50% of the population in most countries. The reasons for this underestimation are: The tests are designed against the strain isolated in 2019 in China and the calibration is against convalescent blood collected before June 2020. There is considerable heterogeneity in the commercial tests available. A large percentage of the infected population may have negative serology within months of infection Cellular immunity testing could eliminate these false negatives but it is not routinely applicable and is expensive.
{"title":"Assessing Natural Anti-Covid Immunity: Serology, Cellular Immunity","authors":"Banoun H","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000152","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to evaluate natural immunity against Covid-19: it is stronger, longer lasting and of better quality than vaccine immunity only humoral (antibody) or cellular adaptive immunity can be assessed; innate immunity is not measurable. Serology is the only routine test, it is the measurement of the antibody level. The measurement of the antibody level leads to an underestimation of the seroprevalence which is already high and above 50% of the population in most countries. The reasons for this underestimation are: The tests are designed against the strain isolated in 2019 in China and the calibration is against convalescent blood collected before June 2020. There is considerable heterogeneity in the commercial tests available. A large percentage of the infected population may have negative serology within months of infection Cellular immunity testing could eliminate these false negatives but it is not routinely applicable and is expensive.","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123762097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: In another article written by me, through research in my clinic in Brazil, I concluded that the majority of the population that I am attending is considered immune-deficient due to the lack of energy inside the five internal massive organs (Heart, Spleen, Lungs, Kidney, and Liver). The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that patients with chronic nosocomial osteomyelitis have energy deficiency in the five internal massive organs, that are responsible for the production of Yin, Yang, Qi, and Blood, and the reduction in one or a combination of deficiencies in these energies, can cause the formation of internal Heat, responsible for the yellowish secretion in the bone and not necessarily cause by the bacteria infection. Methods: one case report of a 32 years-old female patient with a history of a motorcycle accident in 2020 with an exposed fracture of the right knee. She was submitted to surgery and after some days, the surgical wound began to have redness in the skin and began to have yellowish secretion through the right knee. She was submitted to the use of many kinds of intravenous antibiotics use with no improvement in her clinical condition of hospital osteomyelitis (meropenem, vancomycin, etc.). She went to my clinic two years later and told me all her history and I performed the measurement of the internal five massive organs’ energy with the use of a crystal pendulum. Results: all her internal five massive organs were in the lowest level of energy, rated one out of eight, with exception of the seventh chakra, that was normal, rated in eight. The treatment consisted in Chinese dietary counseling, auricular acupuncture with apex ear bloodletting and systemic acupuncture and replenishment of the internal massive organs with the use of homeopathy medications according to the theory Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements based on Traditional Chinese Medicine and crystal-based medications. The patient improved from her condition 100% without using any kind of antibiotics. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that patients with nosocomial osteomyelitis have energy deficiencies in the five internal massive organs and the treatment using antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications can reduce even more this vital energy, which is already low, and generate more energy alterations (formation of internal Heat) that are the cause of the symptoms of nosocomial infection or aggravating the evolution of his patient.
{"title":"Immunodeficiency Generated by Energy Deficiency as the Cause of Non-Improvement of Nosocomial Osteomyelitis in the Knee Post Motorcycle Accident","authors":"Huang Wl","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000168","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In another article written by me, through research in my clinic in Brazil, I concluded that the majority of the population that I am attending is considered immune-deficient due to the lack of energy inside the five internal massive organs (Heart, Spleen, Lungs, Kidney, and Liver). The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that patients with chronic nosocomial osteomyelitis have energy deficiency in the five internal massive organs, that are responsible for the production of Yin, Yang, Qi, and Blood, and the reduction in one or a combination of deficiencies in these energies, can cause the formation of internal Heat, responsible for the yellowish secretion in the bone and not necessarily cause by the bacteria infection. Methods: one case report of a 32 years-old female patient with a history of a motorcycle accident in 2020 with an exposed fracture of the right knee. She was submitted to surgery and after some days, the surgical wound began to have redness in the skin and began to have yellowish secretion through the right knee. She was submitted to the use of many kinds of intravenous antibiotics use with no improvement in her clinical condition of hospital osteomyelitis (meropenem, vancomycin, etc.). She went to my clinic two years later and told me all her history and I performed the measurement of the internal five massive organs’ energy with the use of a crystal pendulum. Results: all her internal five massive organs were in the lowest level of energy, rated one out of eight, with exception of the seventh chakra, that was normal, rated in eight. The treatment consisted in Chinese dietary counseling, auricular acupuncture with apex ear bloodletting and systemic acupuncture and replenishment of the internal massive organs with the use of homeopathy medications according to the theory Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements based on Traditional Chinese Medicine and crystal-based medications. The patient improved from her condition 100% without using any kind of antibiotics. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that patients with nosocomial osteomyelitis have energy deficiencies in the five internal massive organs and the treatment using antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications can reduce even more this vital energy, which is already low, and generate more energy alterations (formation of internal Heat) that are the cause of the symptoms of nosocomial infection or aggravating the evolution of his patient.","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133351163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response that can lead to severe manifestations such as adult respiratory syndrome, sepsis, coagulopathy, and death in a proportion of patients. In severe COVID-19 patients, inflammatory, biochemical and coagulation high levels of factors may be prognostic factors indicating a poor outcome. We investigated the relationship between lymphopenia, leukocytosis, anemia, high ferritin, D-dimer, CRP, LDH, Procalcitonin, Troponin blood levels and prognosis. In the first initiation to the hospital, the severity of the disease should be estimated according to these parameters and a more intensive treatment and follow-up should be planned.
{"title":"The Relationship between Laboratory at the Time of Initiation and Mortality in Covid-19","authors":"Karatas E","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000150","url":null,"abstract":"The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19), is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response that can lead to severe manifestations such as adult respiratory syndrome, sepsis, coagulopathy, and death in a proportion of patients. In severe COVID-19 patients, inflammatory, biochemical and coagulation high levels of factors may be prognostic factors indicating a poor outcome. We investigated the relationship between lymphopenia, leukocytosis, anemia, high ferritin, D-dimer, CRP, LDH, Procalcitonin, Troponin blood levels and prognosis. In the first initiation to the hospital, the severity of the disease should be estimated according to these parameters and a more intensive treatment and follow-up should be planned.","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133444230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Vitamin D (Vit-D) may have effect on hematological parameters. Objective: To measure the effect of Vit-D on blood indices, our study was conducted to assess the relationship between Vit-D levels and hematological parameters. Subjects and Methods: The present study was cross section study conducted on 200 patients. Demographic data including age, sex, disease history and blood samples were withdrawn to measure serum vitamin D levels and hematological parameters. Data were reported as Mean ±SD and as frequency (percentage). ANOVA test was used to compare the mean serum levels of vitamin D in terms of sex, age or disease history. Results: Subjects enrolled into the study were 200 patients; 115(57.5%) females and 85(42.5%) males with mean age± SD of 37.6± 15.5 years. The mean serum vitamin D level in patients was 21.96 ± 14.31. There was non-significant relationship between hematological parameters and serum vitamin D level based on Pearson’s test. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it is interesting area of research that vitamin D was not the sole factor that have a role on hematological parameters as other factor may play a role as erythropoietin
{"title":"Reveal the Myths about Role of Vitamin D Level on Some Hematological Parameters","authors":"I. Ka","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000143","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vitamin D (Vit-D) may have effect on hematological parameters. Objective: To measure the effect of Vit-D on blood indices, our study was conducted to assess the relationship between Vit-D levels and hematological parameters. Subjects and Methods: The present study was cross section study conducted on 200 patients. Demographic data including age, sex, disease history and blood samples were withdrawn to measure serum vitamin D levels and hematological parameters. Data were reported as Mean ±SD and as frequency (percentage). ANOVA test was used to compare the mean serum levels of vitamin D in terms of sex, age or disease history. Results: Subjects enrolled into the study were 200 patients; 115(57.5%) females and 85(42.5%) males with mean age± SD of 37.6± 15.5 years. The mean serum vitamin D level in patients was 21.96 ± 14.31. There was non-significant relationship between hematological parameters and serum vitamin D level based on Pearson’s test. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, it is interesting area of research that vitamin D was not the sole factor that have a role on hematological parameters as other factor may play a role as erythropoietin","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131633353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The experiment was aimed to evaluate the effect of Biofield Energy Treated/Blessed Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment/Blessing per se on different vital functional serum biomarkers to the animals on L-NAME and high fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiovascular disorders in Sprague Dawley rats. In this experiment, the functional serum biomarkers such as epinephrine/adrenaline, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin were measured using ELISA assay. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, copper, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin B9 , vitamin B12, and vitamin D3 ), cannabidiol (CBD) isolate, Panax ginseng extract, and β-carotene. The constituents of the test formulation were divided into two parts; one portion was referred as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion and three groups of animals received Biofield Energy Healing/Blessing Treatment remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned spiritual healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The results showed that the level of adrenaline was reduced by 29.25%, 20.33%, 31.36%, and 41.97% in the G5 (L-NAME + HFD + the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation), G6 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se to animals from day -15), G7 (L-NAME + HFD + the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15), and G8 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se plus the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15) groups, respectively as compared to the untreated test formulation group (G4). Moreover, the level of iNOS was reduced by 53.09%, 51.32%, 33.87%, 39.88%, and 40.02% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se animals plus the untreated test formulation) groups, respectively, as compared to the disease control group (G2). Additionally, the level of eNOS was increased by 83.65%, 94.93%, 71.48%, 48.64%, and 61.12% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively, as compared to the G2 group. The level of PAI-1 was decreased by 56.10%, 56.57%, 55.28%, 49.28%, and 57.84% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Besides, the level of ICAM-1 was decreased by 20.99%, 20.74%, 18.85%, and 17.89% in the G5, G6, G7, and G8 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Level of HbA1c was decreased by 28.50%, 44.07%, 25.30%, 22.70%, and 48.79% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Further, the level of insulin was decreased by 26.09%, 21.24%, 5.41%, 23.61%, and 24.59% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Overall, the data suggested significance improvement of vital functional biomarkers of the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se along wit
{"title":"Evaluation of Multiple Vital Serum Biomarkers after Treatment with the Consciousness Energy Healing Based Proprietary Test Formulation on L-NAME and High Fat Diet-Induced Cardiovascular Disorders in Sprague Dawley Rats","authors":"Jana S","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000139","url":null,"abstract":"The experiment was aimed to evaluate the effect of Biofield Energy Treated/Blessed Proprietary Test Formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment/Blessing per se on different vital functional serum biomarkers to the animals on L-NAME and high fat diet (HFD)-induced cardiovascular disorders in Sprague Dawley rats. In this experiment, the functional serum biomarkers such as epinephrine/adrenaline, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin were measured using ELISA assay. A test formulation was formulated including minerals (magnesium, zinc, copper, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, vitamin B9 , vitamin B12, and vitamin D3 ), cannabidiol (CBD) isolate, Panax ginseng extract, and β-carotene. The constituents of the test formulation were divided into two parts; one portion was referred as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion and three groups of animals received Biofield Energy Healing/Blessing Treatment remotely for about 3 minutes by a renowned spiritual healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. The results showed that the level of adrenaline was reduced by 29.25%, 20.33%, 31.36%, and 41.97% in the G5 (L-NAME + HFD + the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation), G6 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se to animals from day -15), G7 (L-NAME + HFD + the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15), and G8 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se plus the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation from day -15) groups, respectively as compared to the untreated test formulation group (G4). Moreover, the level of iNOS was reduced by 53.09%, 51.32%, 33.87%, 39.88%, and 40.02% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 (L-NAME + HFD + Biofield Energy Treatment per se animals plus the untreated test formulation) groups, respectively, as compared to the disease control group (G2). Additionally, the level of eNOS was increased by 83.65%, 94.93%, 71.48%, 48.64%, and 61.12% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively, as compared to the G2 group. The level of PAI-1 was decreased by 56.10%, 56.57%, 55.28%, 49.28%, and 57.84% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Besides, the level of ICAM-1 was decreased by 20.99%, 20.74%, 18.85%, and 17.89% in the G5, G6, G7, and G8 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Level of HbA1c was decreased by 28.50%, 44.07%, 25.30%, 22.70%, and 48.79% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Further, the level of insulin was decreased by 26.09%, 21.24%, 5.41%, 23.61%, and 24.59% in the G5, G6, G7, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared to the G2 group. Overall, the data suggested significance improvement of vital functional biomarkers of the Biofield Energy Treated test formulation and Biofield Energy Treatment per se along wit","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130973140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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