Introduction: The main objective of this research is to apply joint modelling technique to assess the relationship between cd4 cell count and survival of ART patients in Gweru, Zimbabwe. The Cox proportional hazards model is mainly used in modelling survival data when the true values of the time-varying covariates are observed. However, most of these measurements are observed with error and to circumvent this problem, measurements are taken longitudinally to reduce the bias caused using such observed measurements in the Cox proportional hazards models. Methods: We conducted secondary data analysis on the Gweru district ART cohort data for the period 2006 to 2010. The association between CD4 cell count and survival time of the patient was determined using a joint longitudinal-survival model. The factors that affected cd4 cell changes were determined using mixed linear regression model and factors associated with survival of ART patients was determined using a Cox proportional hazard model. Shared parameters were used to determine the association between cd4 cell count and survival of the ART patient. Results: A statistically significant direct effect of gender on survival was observed -0.003 (95% CI: -001, -0.002). Also, a highly negative significant association was observed -9.48 (95% CI: -11.7, -7.23), indicating that female patients with high levels of lncd4 had reduced hazard of death compared to male patients. Place of residents of the ART patient had a significant direct effect on survival -0.66 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.003). There is also a highly negative significant association -10.0 (95% CI: -12.4, -7.67), indicating that patients in urban areas and with high lncd4 cell counts had a reduced hazard of death compared to patients in rural areas. Age had a direct effect on survival as the hazard of death increases as we move from one age group to another. A highly negative significant association was observed -9.4 (95% CI: -11.6, -7.17) indicating that the hazard of death for patients with high lncd4 decreases as we move down the age groups.
{"title":"Joint Modelling of the Relationship between CD4 Cell Count and Survival Analysis of HIV Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy, Gweru, Zimbabwe","authors":"C. F","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000155","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The main objective of this research is to apply joint modelling technique to assess the relationship between cd4 cell count and survival of ART patients in Gweru, Zimbabwe. The Cox proportional hazards model is mainly used in modelling survival data when the true values of the time-varying covariates are observed. However, most of these measurements are observed with error and to circumvent this problem, measurements are taken longitudinally to reduce the bias caused using such observed measurements in the Cox proportional hazards models. Methods: We conducted secondary data analysis on the Gweru district ART cohort data for the period 2006 to 2010. The association between CD4 cell count and survival time of the patient was determined using a joint longitudinal-survival model. The factors that affected cd4 cell changes were determined using mixed linear regression model and factors associated with survival of ART patients was determined using a Cox proportional hazard model. Shared parameters were used to determine the association between cd4 cell count and survival of the ART patient. Results: A statistically significant direct effect of gender on survival was observed -0.003 (95% CI: -001, -0.002). Also, a highly negative significant association was observed -9.48 (95% CI: -11.7, -7.23), indicating that female patients with high levels of lncd4 had reduced hazard of death compared to male patients. Place of residents of the ART patient had a significant direct effect on survival -0.66 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.003). There is also a highly negative significant association -10.0 (95% CI: -12.4, -7.67), indicating that patients in urban areas and with high lncd4 cell counts had a reduced hazard of death compared to patients in rural areas. Age had a direct effect on survival as the hazard of death increases as we move from one age group to another. A highly negative significant association was observed -9.4 (95% CI: -11.6, -7.17) indicating that the hazard of death for patients with high lncd4 decreases as we move down the age groups.","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131856496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to correlate normal body weight with urine ketones. When there is insufficient level of glucose in our body, body use fats as an alternate source of energy. The substance produced is known as ketones, this will be shown in our blood and urine. If the patients are diabetics, then urine contain ketones means we are not producing insulin. There is another condition in which we are not diabetics but can develop ketones. Life of a patient or an individual is highly affected by its weight. Cardiac vascular diseases are all due to the overweight than to normal. Pulmonary disorders are also the results of overweight. People were asked to collect their urine in a container and then we imposed the dipstick method and analyzed the results for the ketones in the urine and noted the readings of the people. A questionnaire was prepared and asked the people about weight and ketones presence in their urine. All the experiments were conducted when the persons were at normal conditions. None of them is using any medicines or certain kind of drugs. The data described us that there was not a scientific relationship between the human body weight and urine ketones. It was inferred that there was no relationship between the body weight and normal ketones in urine.
{"title":"Is there any Relationship between Body Weight and Urine Ketones?","authors":"Hussain Hs","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000107","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to correlate normal body weight with urine ketones. When there is insufficient level of glucose in our body, body use fats as an alternate source of energy. The substance produced is known as ketones, this will be shown in our blood and urine. If the patients are diabetics, then urine contain ketones means we are not producing insulin. There is another condition in which we are not diabetics but can develop ketones. Life of a patient or an individual is highly affected by its weight. Cardiac vascular diseases are all due to the overweight than to normal. Pulmonary disorders are also the results of overweight. People were asked to collect their urine in a container and then we imposed the dipstick method and analyzed the results for the ketones in the urine and noted the readings of the people. A questionnaire was prepared and asked the people about weight and ketones presence in their urine. All the experiments were conducted when the persons were at normal conditions. None of them is using any medicines or certain kind of drugs. The data described us that there was not a scientific relationship between the human body weight and urine ketones. It was inferred that there was no relationship between the body weight and normal ketones in urine.","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128945535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction-The Unrestrained Pandemic: The emergence of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, has had led to COVID-19 pandemic with devastating consequences. COVID-19, as the disease has unique clinical manifestations which are distinctive, yet bizarre. As the pandemic is spreading, the virus is continuing to evolve. In fact, this process of evolution is a continuum, allowing the virus to adapt to its environment by selecting mutations that make it replicate and transmit more efficiently. Lurking Dangers-The Evolving Variants: So far, Sars-CoV-2 has infected over million people worldwide and taken on many thousands of mutations. Most of those changes are slow and inconsequential evolutionary dead ends, but can potentially become more transmissible, more virulent, or more resistant to immune response to become unresponsive to the vaccines. Keeping ahead of the pace at which variants are evolving and influencing disease transmission and severity will be key issue for the coming phase of the pandemic. The Pillars of Hope-The Covid-19 Vaccines: The vaccination remains the most effective tool for protecting from COVID-19. New insights into the functioning of the immune system have made possible the rapid development of new vaccines to combat the raging pandemic and the pathogen and its variants. The vaccines provide us with much-needed hope for the COVID-19 prophylaxis as well as tools to limit the disease severity. World over, the major challenge is to provide equitable access to effective vaccines for masses. Conclusion-The Future Covid-19 Scenario: The researchers as well as medical community agree that the vaccination should be continued with the available vaccines. In general, the vaccines induce a more powerful immune response than a natural infection and the mass immunization is crucial to curb the spread of infection, break the transmission-infection cycle and retard the evolution of new variants as well. The on-going COVID-19 pandemic is a reminder of the need to prioritise health over other aspects of human life, as well.
{"title":"Evolving COVID-19 Pandemic: The Lurking Dangers and Pillars of Hope","authors":"N. V","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000135","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000135","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction-The Unrestrained Pandemic: The emergence of the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019, has had led to COVID-19 pandemic with devastating consequences. COVID-19, as the disease has unique clinical manifestations which are distinctive, yet bizarre. As the pandemic is spreading, the virus is continuing to evolve. In fact, this process of evolution is a continuum, allowing the virus to adapt to its environment by selecting mutations that make it replicate and transmit more efficiently. Lurking Dangers-The Evolving Variants: So far, Sars-CoV-2 has infected over million people worldwide and taken on many thousands of mutations. Most of those changes are slow and inconsequential evolutionary dead ends, but can potentially become more transmissible, more virulent, or more resistant to immune response to become unresponsive to the vaccines. Keeping ahead of the pace at which variants are evolving and influencing disease transmission and severity will be key issue for the coming phase of the pandemic. The Pillars of Hope-The Covid-19 Vaccines: The vaccination remains the most effective tool for protecting from COVID-19. New insights into the functioning of the immune system have made possible the rapid development of new vaccines to combat the raging pandemic and the pathogen and its variants. The vaccines provide us with much-needed hope for the COVID-19 prophylaxis as well as tools to limit the disease severity. World over, the major challenge is to provide equitable access to effective vaccines for masses. Conclusion-The Future Covid-19 Scenario: The researchers as well as medical community agree that the vaccination should be continued with the available vaccines. In general, the vaccines induce a more powerful immune response than a natural infection and the mass immunization is crucial to curb the spread of infection, break the transmission-infection cycle and retard the evolution of new variants as well. The on-going COVID-19 pandemic is a reminder of the need to prioritise health over other aspects of human life, as well.","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127512381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sea star Axial organ (A.O) cells were observed in T.EM: Evidence of primitive monocytes was done: They contained azurophile particles and a reniform nucleus, sometimes a phagosome appeared and amoeboid images were seen. These cells, in a second time, evolve mainly in phagocytes which may be assimilated to Vertebrate Macrophages, with functional phagosomes and azurophile particles. The sea star monocytes are smaller in diameter (4 to 5µ) than Vertebrate ones.
{"title":"Evidence of Sea Star Monocytes Evolving in Phagocytes: Asterias Rubens T.E.M Observations","authors":"Leclerc M","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000166","url":null,"abstract":"Sea star Axial organ (A.O) cells were observed in T.EM: Evidence of primitive monocytes was done: They contained azurophile particles and a reniform nucleus, sometimes a phagosome appeared and amoeboid images were seen. These cells, in a second time, evolve mainly in phagocytes which may be assimilated to Vertebrate Macrophages, with functional phagosomes and azurophile particles. The sea star monocytes are smaller in diameter (4 to 5µ) than Vertebrate ones.","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131158243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: The Long Covid Syndrome: The post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or ‘Long Covid’ is a varying, relapsing, and remitting disorder that may follow recovery from acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 in some patients and last for a variable period. It has a protracted course culminating as lingering and incapacitating illness predisposed by certain constitutional factors and comorbidities. Akin to COVID-19, it primarily affects the respiratory system, but other systems such as neurologic, cardiologic, hepatic, renal and pancreatic, and cutaneous systems may be involved. As the infection can harm the immune system, various organs including lungs fall prey to the aberrant immune response. Etilogical Correlates and Pathogenesis: Long Covid is a multisystem disorder entailing multiple symptoms related to various organs. There are several theories about the etiology of Long Covid such as continuing presence of the virus and its biologically active fragments, reinfection with the same or a different variant, dysfunctional immune reactions leading to a chronic inflammatory state, an ill-defined condition exhibiting symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) suggestive of a complex, multisystem disorder, post-traumatic stress following severe COVID-19 illness and critical care issues, and aftermath resulting due to disturbed microbiota in gut, lungs, and other organs. Long Covid Pathogenesis: New Insights: The SARS-CoV-2 infection activates the humoral immunity leading to formation of antigen-antibody complexes and the antigen-antibody reactions, which may propagate to organ damage. Simultaneously, viral superantigens may overstimulate immune responses, inducing negative feedback loops to hamper immune function and allow the virus to persist and replicate. The persistent virus may contribute to long Covid. There may develop various autoantibodies causing tissue injury and fibrosis in lungs and other organs. The Altered Microbiome leading to the microbial dysbiosis has also been implicated in persisting inflammatory processes culminating as Long Covid. Conclusion: Therapeutic Considerations: With expanding awareness, it has been recommended that all patients after recovery from COVID-19 should have access to healthcare. On the practical side, there are being established clinics for people with Long Covid backed by multidisciplinary teams for supportive and specific treatment and follow up. The anti-fibrotic and anticoagulant agents may be helpful in preventing further lung damage and thrombotic episodes. The role of a COVID-19 vaccine in preventing Long Covid is not known, but it may be helpful in reducing morbidity. The strategies to improve the intestinal dysbiotic microbiota through probiotics and microbial transplant appear promising.
{"title":"Searching for Etiopathophysiological Links for ‘Long Covid’","authors":"N. V","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000142","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The Long Covid Syndrome: The post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) or ‘Long Covid’ is a varying, relapsing, and remitting disorder that may follow recovery from acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 in some patients and last for a variable period. It has a protracted course culminating as lingering and incapacitating illness predisposed by certain constitutional factors and comorbidities. Akin to COVID-19, it primarily affects the respiratory system, but other systems such as neurologic, cardiologic, hepatic, renal and pancreatic, and cutaneous systems may be involved. As the infection can harm the immune system, various organs including lungs fall prey to the aberrant immune response. Etilogical Correlates and Pathogenesis: Long Covid is a multisystem disorder entailing multiple symptoms related to various organs. There are several theories about the etiology of Long Covid such as continuing presence of the virus and its biologically active fragments, reinfection with the same or a different variant, dysfunctional immune reactions leading to a chronic inflammatory state, an ill-defined condition exhibiting symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) suggestive of a complex, multisystem disorder, post-traumatic stress following severe COVID-19 illness and critical care issues, and aftermath resulting due to disturbed microbiota in gut, lungs, and other organs. Long Covid Pathogenesis: New Insights: The SARS-CoV-2 infection activates the humoral immunity leading to formation of antigen-antibody complexes and the antigen-antibody reactions, which may propagate to organ damage. Simultaneously, viral superantigens may overstimulate immune responses, inducing negative feedback loops to hamper immune function and allow the virus to persist and replicate. The persistent virus may contribute to long Covid. There may develop various autoantibodies causing tissue injury and fibrosis in lungs and other organs. The Altered Microbiome leading to the microbial dysbiosis has also been implicated in persisting inflammatory processes culminating as Long Covid. Conclusion: Therapeutic Considerations: With expanding awareness, it has been recommended that all patients after recovery from COVID-19 should have access to healthcare. On the practical side, there are being established clinics for people with Long Covid backed by multidisciplinary teams for supportive and specific treatment and follow up. The anti-fibrotic and anticoagulant agents may be helpful in preventing further lung damage and thrombotic episodes. The role of a COVID-19 vaccine in preventing Long Covid is not known, but it may be helpful in reducing morbidity. The strategies to improve the intestinal dysbiotic microbiota through probiotics and microbial transplant appear promising.","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"83 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132966998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) have become increasingly popular tools and research methodology in many scientific research fields. Examples include improving prediction models by integrating mechanistic immunological information into machine learning [1], using multiomics and spatial integration approaches in conjunction with AI and ML methods to guide future informed cell engineering and precision medicine based on immunological studies data [2], and various other studies summarized by Jabbari P, et al. [3]. Using AI, ML, and DL as novel methods to gain new insights to generate novel vaccine and/or drug designs and discovery has been a revolutionary approach over the past decades [4]. Traditionally, researchers resolve to other computational methods (e.g., molecular dynamics (MD) simulation) to help solve problems of and arise from inadequate and/ unsatisfactory drug binding and affinity to target site(s).
{"title":"Why and how should we use Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, and Deep Learning Approaches Differently on COVID-19 Coronavirus and Other Pathogens Research?","authors":"Cheng Jtj","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000138","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) have become increasingly popular tools and research methodology in many scientific research fields. Examples include improving prediction models by integrating mechanistic immunological information into machine learning [1], using multiomics and spatial integration approaches in conjunction with AI and ML methods to guide future informed cell engineering and precision medicine based on immunological studies data [2], and various other studies summarized by Jabbari P, et al. [3]. Using AI, ML, and DL as novel methods to gain new insights to generate novel vaccine and/or drug designs and discovery has been a revolutionary approach over the past decades [4]. Traditionally, researchers resolve to other computational methods (e.g., molecular dynamics (MD) simulation) to help solve problems of and arise from inadequate and/ unsatisfactory drug binding and affinity to target site(s).","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126142375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The sea star IGKappa gene was cloned in 2014 by the use of primers. It was compared in the present work to Marthasterias glacialis sea star genome. A high identity was found with this last one.
{"title":"The Asterias Rubens Sea Star Igkappa Gene When Compared to Marthasterias Glacialis Sea Star Genome(Echinodermata)","authors":"Leclerc M","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000154","url":null,"abstract":"The sea star IGKappa gene was cloned in 2014 by the use of primers. It was compared in the present work to Marthasterias glacialis sea star genome. A high identity was found with this last one.","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"981 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123314288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are many different types of immune deficiency described today and many of them can increase the patient to a variety of different symptoms such as the increased chance to have cancer. In this article, I am describing a new type of immune deficiency that we cannot prove by laboratory tests because they are in the energy level and affects the energy of the five internal massive organs of the five elements theory of traditional Chinese medicine, after the implementation of the modernization of telecommunication, leading to an increased chance to have any kind of emotional or physical disease because these organs are responsible for the production of internal energy for maintenance of our survival. The use of highly diluted medications according to the theory written by myself (2020) titled Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine in this new type of population that we are facing nowadays is very important to keep the battery of these organs working and functioning to maintain our immune system in adequate level to prevent the development of diverse diseases, in the last phase, the formation of cancer.
{"title":"New Global Immunodeficiency","authors":"Huang Wl","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000173","url":null,"abstract":"There are many different types of immune deficiency described today and many of them can increase the patient to a variety of different symptoms such as the increased chance to have cancer. In this article, I am describing a new type of immune deficiency that we cannot prove by laboratory tests because they are in the energy level and affects the energy of the five internal massive organs of the five elements theory of traditional Chinese medicine, after the implementation of the modernization of telecommunication, leading to an increased chance to have any kind of emotional or physical disease because these organs are responsible for the production of internal energy for maintenance of our survival. The use of highly diluted medications according to the theory written by myself (2020) titled Constitutional Homeopathy of the Five Elements Based on Traditional Chinese Medicine in this new type of population that we are facing nowadays is very important to keep the battery of these organs working and functioning to maintain our immune system in adequate level to prevent the development of diverse diseases, in the last phase, the formation of cancer.","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124734479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study aimed to evaluate the haematology, biochemistry, testosterone level, and histopathological analysis of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment (the Trivedi Effect®) based test formulation in the unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) male Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model. The novel test formulation was composition of minerals (magnesium, zinc, copper, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, and cholecalciferol), Panax ginseng extract, β-carotene, and cannabidiol isolate. All the test formulation constituents were divided into two parts; one portion was defined as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion of the test formulation and the animals received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. Haematology parameters such as red blood corpuscles (RBC) count was significantly (p≤0.001) improved by 6.61% and 9.37% in the Biofield Energy Treated Test formulation to the untreated rats (G5) and Biofield Energy Treatment per se to the rats (G6) groups, respectively as compared with the G2 group. The red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV) level was significantly (p≤0.001) increased by 14.04%, 12.49%, and 11.85% in the 15 days pre-treatment of Biofield Energy Treated test formulation (G7), 15 days pre-treatment of Biofield Energy Treated test formulation to the Biofield Energy Treatment per se to rats (G8), and untreated test formulation to the Biofield Energy Treated rats (G9) groups, respectively as compared with the G2 group. The level of platelet count was significantly increased by 13.60% (p≤0.001) and 10.94% in the G6 and G9 groups, respectively as compared with the G2 group. Biochemical blood profile showed improved parameters with respect to magnesium, calcium, creatinine, phosphorus, uric acid, blood urea, sodium, potassium, and chloride level. Similarly, testosterone level was significantly increased by 476.39% (p≤0.05), 142.86%, 181.93%, and 234.46% (p≤0.05) in the G5, G6, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared with the untreated test formulation (G4) group. Overall, the data suggested that Biofield Energy Treatment per se showed significant improved blood profile along with preventive measure on the animal. Overall, the results showed the significant improve the human body immune responses, enhance resistance towards diseases, allergies, lethargic conditions, energy booster action, and its various immune deficiency diseases along with its associated complications/ symptoms can be preventive using Biofield Energy Treatment per se and/or Biofield Energy Treated Test formulation groups.
{"title":"Estimation of Sex Hormone, Blood Profiling, and Histopathological Analysis after Treatment with the Biofield Energy Treated Proprietary Test Formulation in Unpredictable Chronic Stress (UCS)- Induced Sprague Dawley Rats","authors":"Jana S","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000137","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to evaluate the haematology, biochemistry, testosterone level, and histopathological analysis of Consciousness Energy Healing Treatment (the Trivedi Effect®) based test formulation in the unpredictable chronic stress (UCS) male Sprague Dawley (SD) rat model. The novel test formulation was composition of minerals (magnesium, zinc, copper, calcium, selenium, and iron), vitamins (ascorbic acid, pyridoxine HCl, alpha tocopherol, cyanocobalamin, and cholecalciferol), Panax ginseng extract, β-carotene, and cannabidiol isolate. All the test formulation constituents were divided into two parts; one portion was defined as the untreated test formulation, while the other portion of the test formulation and the animals received Biofield Energy Healing Treatment by a renowned Biofield Energy Healer, Mr. Mahendra Kumar Trivedi. Haematology parameters such as red blood corpuscles (RBC) count was significantly (p≤0.001) improved by 6.61% and 9.37% in the Biofield Energy Treated Test formulation to the untreated rats (G5) and Biofield Energy Treatment per se to the rats (G6) groups, respectively as compared with the G2 group. The red blood cell distribution width (RDW-CV) level was significantly (p≤0.001) increased by 14.04%, 12.49%, and 11.85% in the 15 days pre-treatment of Biofield Energy Treated test formulation (G7), 15 days pre-treatment of Biofield Energy Treated test formulation to the Biofield Energy Treatment per se to rats (G8), and untreated test formulation to the Biofield Energy Treated rats (G9) groups, respectively as compared with the G2 group. The level of platelet count was significantly increased by 13.60% (p≤0.001) and 10.94% in the G6 and G9 groups, respectively as compared with the G2 group. Biochemical blood profile showed improved parameters with respect to magnesium, calcium, creatinine, phosphorus, uric acid, blood urea, sodium, potassium, and chloride level. Similarly, testosterone level was significantly increased by 476.39% (p≤0.05), 142.86%, 181.93%, and 234.46% (p≤0.05) in the G5, G6, G8, and G9 groups, respectively as compared with the untreated test formulation (G4) group. Overall, the data suggested that Biofield Energy Treatment per se showed significant improved blood profile along with preventive measure on the animal. Overall, the results showed the significant improve the human body immune responses, enhance resistance towards diseases, allergies, lethargic conditions, energy booster action, and its various immune deficiency diseases along with its associated complications/ symptoms can be preventive using Biofield Energy Treatment per se and/or Biofield Energy Treated Test formulation groups.","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121082364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Nowadays a lot of research is being done on neural stem cell (NSCs) transplantation to repair brain damage. Neural stem cells are found in the nervous system. These cells can differentiate interneurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Noradrenergic cells in the locus coeruleus (LC) play an important role in paradoxical sleep (PS). The purpose of this study was the assessment of NSCs transplantation on paradoxical sleep in the unilateral lesion of LC. Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats (225-250 gr), were categorized into four groups (Control, Lesion, experimental 1 (intravenous transplantation of NSCs), and experimental 2 (intravenous transplantation of NACs). NSCs were obtained from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of newborn rat brains. NSCs were differentiated into NACs in neurobasal medium, B-27, GDNF (30 ng/ ml) and BDNF (50 ng/ ml) for 5 days. We used 3,000,000 cells for cell transplantation. The animals received unilateral lesion of LC by injection of 6_hydroxydopamine. For paradoxical sleep recording, 2EMG and 3 EEG electrodes were placed in the neck and skull muscles, respectively. Results: In this study Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) was detected in NACs. A significant increase in paradoxical sleep was seen in the lesion group in comparison with the control group. After NSCs and NACs transplantation, a significant decrease in PS was seen in experimental groups in comparison with the lesion group. Conclusion: The results show that NSCs and NACs transplantation improve PS after unilateral lesion of LC.
{"title":"Effect of Neural Stem Cells Transplantation on the Paradoxical Sleep in the Rat","authors":"Pirhajati Mahabadi V","doi":"10.23880/aii-16000157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23880/aii-16000157","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Nowadays a lot of research is being done on neural stem cell (NSCs) transplantation to repair brain damage. Neural stem cells are found in the nervous system. These cells can differentiate interneurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. Noradrenergic cells in the locus coeruleus (LC) play an important role in paradoxical sleep (PS). The purpose of this study was the assessment of NSCs transplantation on paradoxical sleep in the unilateral lesion of LC. Methods: Forty adult male Wistar rats (225-250 gr), were categorized into four groups (Control, Lesion, experimental 1 (intravenous transplantation of NSCs), and experimental 2 (intravenous transplantation of NACs). NSCs were obtained from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of newborn rat brains. NSCs were differentiated into NACs in neurobasal medium, B-27, GDNF (30 ng/ ml) and BDNF (50 ng/ ml) for 5 days. We used 3,000,000 cells for cell transplantation. The animals received unilateral lesion of LC by injection of 6_hydroxydopamine. For paradoxical sleep recording, 2EMG and 3 EEG electrodes were placed in the neck and skull muscles, respectively. Results: In this study Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH) was detected in NACs. A significant increase in paradoxical sleep was seen in the lesion group in comparison with the control group. After NSCs and NACs transplantation, a significant decrease in PS was seen in experimental groups in comparison with the lesion group. Conclusion: The results show that NSCs and NACs transplantation improve PS after unilateral lesion of LC.","PeriodicalId":409855,"journal":{"name":"Annals of Immunology & Immunotherapy","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126533431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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